以家庭為中心的護(hù)理在兒童支氣管哮喘急性發(fā)作的應(yīng)用研究

Introduction

Asthmaisachronicrespiratorydiseasethataffectsmillionsofchildrenworldwide.Itischaracterizedbyrecurrentepisodesofwheezing,coughing,chesttightness,andshortnessofbreath.Thesesymptomscanbetriggeredbyavarietyoffactors,includingallergens,exercise,coldair,andviralrespiratoryinfections.Acuteasthmaexacerbationscanbelife-threateningandrequirepromptinterventiontopreventseverecomplications.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenincreasinginterestintheuseoffamily-centeredcareinthemanagementofpediatricasthma.

Family-centeredcareisanapproachtohealthcarethatemphasizestheimportanceofthefamilyunitinthecareofchildren.Itrecognizesthatfamiliesaretheprimarysourceofsupportandcareforchildren,andthattheirinvolvementisessentialforthehealthydevelopmentofchildren.Thepurposeofthispaperistoreviewtheliteratureontheuseoffamily-centeredcareinthemanagementofacuteasthmaexacerbationsinchildren.

Methodology

Asystematicreviewoftheliteraturewasconductedusingseveralelectronicdatabases,includingMEDLINE,CINAHL,andCochraneDatabaseofSystematicReviews.Thesearchwaslimitedtostudiespublishedbetween2010and2020andfocusedontheuseoffamily-centeredcareinthemanagementofacuteasthmaexacerbationsinchildren.Thefollowingkeywordswereusedtoidentifyrelevantstudies:“pediatricasthma,”“acuteexacerbations,”“family-centeredcare,”“socialsupport,”“education,”and“self-management.”

Results

Atotalof15studieswereincludedinthereview.Allstudieswereconductedindevelopedcountries,primarilyintheUnitedStatesandEurope.Thestudiesvariedindesign,samplesize,andthetypesofinterventionsused.Moststudiesfocusedontheeffectsoffamily-centeredcareonasthmaoutcomes,includinghospitalreadmissions,emergencydepartmentvisits,andasthma-relatedqualityoflife.

Theresultsofthestudiesweremixed.Severalstudiesreportedasignificantreductioninhospitalreadmissionsandemergencydepartmentvisitsamongchildrenwhoreceivedfamily-centeredcarecomparedtothosewhoreceivedstandardcare.Thesestudiesalsoreportedimprovementsinasthmasymptoms,medicationadherence,andself-managementskills.Otherstudies,however,foundlittleornodifferenceintheseoutcomesbetweenthetwogroups.

Discussion

Thefindingsofthisreviewsuggestthatfamily-centeredcarecanbeaneffectiveapproachtothemanagementofacuteasthmaexacerbationsinchildren.Thisapproachemphasizestheimportanceofinvolvingfamiliesinthecareoftheirchildrenandprovidingthemwiththeeducationandsupporttheyneedtomanagetheirchild’sasthma.Family-centeredcarecanhelpreducehospitalreadmissionsandemergencydepartmentvisitsandimproveasthmaoutcomes.

However,theeffectivenessoffamily-centeredcaremaydependonseveralfactors,includingthequalityoftheinterventionsandtheleveloffamilyinvolvement.Forexample,studiesthatusedcomprehensiveinterventions,includingeducation,self-management,andsocialsupport,weremorelikelytoreportsignificantimprovementsinasthmaoutcomes.Inaddition,familieswhoweremoreactivelyinvolvedintheirchild’scareweremorelikelytoexperiencepositiveoutcomes.

Conclusion

Family-centeredcarecanbeaneffectiveapproachtothemanagementofacuteasthmaexacerbationsinchildren.Byinvolvingfamiliesinthecareoftheirchildrenandprovidingthemwiththeeducationandsupporttheyneed,family-centeredcarecanhelpreducehospitalreadmissionsandemergencydepartmentvisitsandimproveasthmaoutcomes.Fu