Unit4ExploringliteratureGrammarandusageModalverbsHaveareviewofthethreequalitiesofgoodliteraryworks.Then,thinkofthefollowingquestions:WhatshallIread?Whatareyoursuggestionsforchoosingbooks?ReadthepassageonPage48andgetsomeideasabouttheanswerstothequestion.Lead-in1

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Howcanwechoosegoodbooks?

Belowisawebsitearticleabouthowtochoosebooks.Findthesentencesthatusemodalverbsandfillinthetablebelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.“WhatshallIread?”Youmighthaveaskedyourselfthisquestionmorethanonce.If

you

arenotsurewhattoread,youcangetideasfromdifferentsources,butitisalso

importanttodevelopyourowntaste.Tostartwith,askyourfriends,parentsandteacherstorecommendwhatbooksyou

oughttoread.Mostpeoplewillbehappytosharetheirfavouritebookswithothers.

Teachersinparticularcanprovidesuggestionsforinterestingreadingmaterialsthat

canbefoundinthelibraryorbookshopeasily.Youcouldalsoreadbookreviews

innewspapers,inmagazinesoronline.Abookreviewcanoftentellyouwhethera

bookisworthreadingornot.Theseideasshouldpointyouintherightdirection.However,youmustalsodecide

foryourselfwhatkindofbookstoread.Youdonothavetoreadabookjustbecause

everyonerecommendsit.Instead,lookforbooksontopicsthatinterestyou.Take

timetolookthroughthecollectionsindifferentsectionsofyourlocallibrary,

andyouarelikelytocomeacrossbooksyoulovetoread.Overtime,youmayfind

yourselfbetterabletoseekoutbookstoyourtasteandenjoyreadingallthemore.Exploringtherules2

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Exploringtherules2

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Belowisawebsitearticleabouthowtochoosebooks.Findthesentencesthatusemodalverbsandfillinthetablebelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.SuggestionAbilityNecessityPossibility...youcangetideasfromdifferentsources...WhatshallIread?Youcouldalsoreadbookreviewsinnewspapers,inmagazinesoronline.Teachersinparticularcanprovidesuggestionsforinterestingreadingmaterialsthatcanbefoundinthelibraryorbookshopeasily.Abookreviewcanoftentellyouwhetherabookisworthreadingornot....whatbooksyououghttoread.However,youmustalsodecideforyourselfwhatkindofbookstoread.Youdonothavetoreadabookjustbecauseeveryonerecommendsit.Youmighthaveaskedyourselfthisquestionmorethanonce.Theseideasshouldpointyouintherightdirection....youmayfindyourselfbetterabletoseekoutbookstoyourtaste...Workingouttherules3

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a,d,e,fWorkingouttherules3

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Howmanymodalverbsdoyouknow?Modalsaredifferentfromnormalverbs:canmayshallwillmustneedcan’tmaynotshallnotwon’tmustn’tneedn’tcouldmightshouldwouldoughttodarecouldn’tmightnotshouldn’twouldn’toughtnottodarenotTheydon’tusean‘s’forthethirdpersonsingular.Theymakequestionsbyinversion(‘shecango’becomes‘canshego?’).Theyarefolloweddirectlybytheinfinitiveofanotherverb(without‘to’).Workingouttherules3

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Ability:can/couldJackcan

swim.Myfathercouldstandonhishandswhenhewasyoung.Icouldn’tlifttheheavybox.Necessity:must/needImustbookahotelformytripnextweek.Youmustn’tforgetyourticket.Needwefinishtheworktoday?Youneedn’tdoitifyoudon’twantto.Permission:can/could/may/mightYoucanusemypenifyoulike.CouldIleaveearlytoday,please?Studentsmaynotbringtheirpetstoschool.Could/MightIborrowyoubike?Possibility:can/could/may/might/should/mustThatmay/might/couldbeagoodidea.Youmustbetiredafterthelongjourney.Yourstorycan’t/couldn’tbetrue.Workingouttherules3

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Obligationorsuggestion:shall/should/oughtto/mustHabit:will/wouldTheyshould/oughttobuildmorelibraries.ShallIhelpyouwiththebox?Youshouldn’thavetakenthatjob,itwasabadidea.IwouldtakeawalkaftersupperwhenIwasyoung.Johnwillalwaysbelate!WhenIlivedinItaly,wewouldofteneatintherestaurantnexttomyflat.Workingouttherules3

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dare&needIdidn’tdaretosayaword.Nobodydaredtosayaword.Daresheriskstayingwhereshewas?Thegovernmentdarenotraiseinterestratesagain.

Workingouttherules3

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Youdon’tneedtocomeyourself.Heneedstowinthisgametostayinthematch.Needwefinishtheworktoday?Youneedn’tworryaboutit.Applyingtherules4

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B1

Forthefollowinggroupsofthreesentences,tickthesentencewhichusesthemodalverbdifferentlyfromtheothertwo.√√√√Choosepropermodalverbsandusetheproperformstocompletethesentences.1.shall/will(1)Ihavetoldhimagainandagaintostopsmoking,buthe_________listen.(2)_________youcomewithmetovisitUncleBill?(3)_________westarttheprojectrightnow?2.must/need(1)You_________smokeinthehospital.Itisbadforthepatients.(2)We_________getuptooearlytomorrowmorning.won’tWillShallmustn’tneedn’tApplyingtherules4

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3.can/beableto(1)He_________swimacrosstheEnglishChannel,buthedidn’tfeellikeitthatday.(2)Mary_____________________playthepianosinceshewas5.4.should/oughtto(1)—Idon’tcarewhatpeoplethink.—Well,you________________.(2)TryphoningMike—he_________behomebynow.couldcan/hasbeenabletoshould/oughttoshouldChoosepropermodalverbsandusetheproperformstocompletethesentences.Applyingtherules4

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WhenmyEnglishteachersuggestedthatIreadCharlesDickens’sAChristmasCarol,Ithought,“I(1)

_________

(can’t/shouldn’t)readthis!It(2)

_________

(hasto/must)beveryboring!”Surprisingly,itturnedouttheexactopposite.

I(3)

__________

(could/might)notstopturningthepages!Thebook’smaincharacterisScrooge,arichbutmeanoldman.Hehatesallkinds

ofcelebrations.OnChristmasEve,heistransportedtodifferentpointsinhislife

bythreespirits.Intheend,hereflectsonthesemomentsandrealizeshismistakes.

Thenhedecidesthathe(4)

_________

(might/must)changehimself.On

Christmasmorning,hesendsalargeturkeytoapoormanforChristmasdinner.

Healsotriestomakehisfamilyandfriendshappybyspendingtimewiththem.

Thereissomethingthat(5)

________

(can/must)belearntfrom

AChristmasCarol:we

(6)

__________

(should/may)treatotherswithkindness,

generosityandlove.Ithinkeveryone(7)

__________

(would/oughtto)read

thisbook.B2

Belowisanentryinastudent’sreadingjournal.Completetheentrywiththecorrect