第頁2023年6月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題（第1套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Supposethestudentunionofyouruniversityisorganizinganonlinediscussiononinterpersonalrelationships.Youaretowriteanessayonwaystomaintainawarmandfriendlyrelationshipwithyourclassmatesandonthebenefitsofsucharelationship.Youwillhave30minutesforthetask.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:

Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Amanwastakentoahospital.B)Amanwasbittenbyasnake.C)Amanfelloffhistoiletseat.D)Amankepta4-footsnakeasapet.2.A)Whoownedthesnake.B)Howthesnakewascaptured.C)Whetherthesnakewasinfected.D)Wherethesnakehadbeentaken.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Postingherdaughter’sphotosonsocialmedia.B)Storingcarbondioxideundergroundasagas.C)Amusingherselfbygoingtoballparties.D)Takinghertrashoutinfancydresses.4.A)Torecordherachievements.B)Topleaseherdaughter.C)Toamusepeople.D)Tomakeherselfpopular.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Getafreemealafteransweringsomequestions.B)Haveamealeveniftheyhavenomoney.C)Haveachanceofwinninga$100prize.D)Eatasmuchastheywantfor$10.6.A)Itwasbroughtupbytwostaffers.B)Itwassuggestedbysomeofhercustomers.C)Itoriginatedfromadonationtoherstaff.D)Ithelpedtopopularizeherrestaurant.7.A)Fiftycustomershaveoffereddonations.B)Moststaffershavereceivedmessagesofkindness.C)Manypeoplehavecometoeatattherestaurant.D)Morepeoplehavebeengivingthantaking.SectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Heisafamouswriter.B)Heisapsychologist.C)HeisahostforaTVprogram.D)Heisaprimaryschoolteacher.9.A)Whyfriendsbreakoffcontactallofasudden.B)Whypeoplefailtorespondtoemailspromptly.C)Whyparentsraisetheirchildrenindifferentways.D)Whysocialmediaaccountsvanishwithoutatrace.10.A)Theyattempttoignorethewholesituation.B)Theyscreamtogettheirparentsback.C)Theyavoidshowingtheiremotions.D)Theysimplyshutthemselvesdown.11.A)Theytrytoexpresstheirfeelingsandthoughtseffectively.B)Theyareonbettertermswithfriendsandromanticpartners.C)Theymayregardanydifferencesastheendofarelationship.D)Theyattachmorevaluetotheirrelationshipswithothers.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Theirquality.B)Theirdesign.C)Theirprice.D)Theircolor.13.A)JeansareavailableinagreatervarietyinAmerica.B)Americahasthebestweavingtoolsintheworld.C)Americamakesthebest-knownbrandsofjeans.D)JeansareatypicalAmericangarment. 14.A)Theyareartificial.B)Theyareunique.C)Theyarenatural.D)Theyarespecial.15.A)Theyareworththeprice.B)Theyaremuchtoopricey.C)Theyarepopularwithboys.D)Theyareforcasualwearing.SectionCDirections:

Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Hewantstoseeitagain.B)Hedesiresmoreinlife.C)Helongstobecomeasuperstarhimself.D)Hefeelsasinspiredasotheraudiencemembers.17.A)Itisextremelyartistic.B)Itisratherunrealistic.C)Itissomewhatcomplicated.D)Itisrelativelypredictable.18.A)Theyaretoosimple.B)Theyarefullofshootings.C)Theyarebasicallymisleading.D)Theyarebiasedagainstwomen.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Itisanintuitivewaytosolidifyfriendship.B)Itisameanstoinspirecreativethinking.C)Itcanhelpconnectpeople.D)Itcanhighlightleadership.20.A)Makethemmoreopentolearning.B)Allowthemtorecitedatapoints.C)Enablethemtorememberthemainidea.D)Stimulatethemtoengageindiscussions.21.A)Enrichtheirownexperience.B)Inspirelisteners’imagination.C)Explaininsightfulideas.D)Conveyfundamentalvalues.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)ThenumberofimmigrantstotheU.S.isdeclining.B)AnotherwaveofimmigrantsishittingtheU.S.C)ImmigrantshavebeencontributingtotheU.S.D)ImmigrantsoutnumberU.S.-bornAmericans.23.A)TheyhavefoundedmostFortune500companies.B)TheyhavefewerchancestobehiredbyU.S.companies.C)Mostofthemexpecttheirchildrentosucceedinbusiness.D)Mostofthemaresuccessfulbusinesspeople.24.A)Thirty-fourpercentofthemusecreditfortheirdailypurchases.B)Theirlevelofdebtislowerthanthatofnative-bornAmericans.C)Nineteenpercentofthemborrowmoneyfromfriendsandfamily.D)Theyhavehigherinstallmentloandebtthannative-bornAmericans.25.A)Collaboratewithnative-bornAmericans.B)Borrowmoneyfromfinancialinstitutions.C)Keeptheirtraditionalvaluesandoldhabits.D)Findemploymentincompetitivebusinesses.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemon

AnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce．Youprobablyhaven’ttakenthetimetothinkofalltheworkthatwentintocreatingtheshirtonyourback.Imean,howharditcouldbetocreatefabricand26itintoashirtshape.Don’tmachinesdoallthat?Well,creatingfabricfromcotton,whichisthemost27clothingmaterial,isactuallyaprocessthatinvolvesalotofwater,2,700literspershirttobe28.TakealookatthevideobelowfromNationalGeographicforsomemoremind-blowing29aboutcottonclothingproduction.Cleanwateris30becomingoneofthemostsought-afterresourcesintheworld.Givenhowlargethe31andcottonindustriesare,theytakeupalotofourfreshwaterdemandsacrosstheworld,accordingtoTheHuffingtonPost.ThevideofromNationalGeographicwascreatedtospread32ofhowenvironmentallyharmfulcottonis.Butthesituationcanbemadebetter.Throughbetterwatermanagementandfarmingpractices,waterusageincottonproductioncanbecutdownby3340percent.Called“BetterCotton”,thisenvironmentallyconsciousproductwillsavemillionsoflitersofwaterayearsimplyfrom34thedemandsofcottonproduction.Cottondoesn’thavetogo,sinceitis,afterall,oneofthemostusefulcashcropsacrosstheglobe.However,aswatersupplies35,farmersandconsumersneedtobemoreconsciousoftheeffectthattheseproductshaveontheenvironmentasawhole.A)abstracts F)increasingly K)reducingB)abundant G)intense L)sawC)awareness H)mend M)shrinkD)conscience I)nearly N)statisticsE)exact J)reckoning O)textileSectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2.

Hyphenatingyourlastnameaftermarriage?We’regrowingmoreusedtochattingtoourcomputers,phonesandsmartspeakersthroughvoiceassistantslikeAmazon’sAlexa,Apple’sSiriandMicrosoft’sCortana.Blindandpartiallysightedpeoplehavebeenusingtext-to-speechconvertersfordecades.Outoftheseassistants,Siriisthemostwell-known.Theassistantusesvoiceinquiriesandanatural-languageuserinterface(界面)toanswerquestions.Thesoftwareadaptstousers’individuallanguageusages,searches,andpreferences,withcontinuinguse.Somethinkvoicecouldsoontakeoverfromtypingandclickingasthemainwaytointeractonline.Butwhatarethechallengesofmovingto“thespokenweb”?Whatuseiswrittenonlinecontentifyoucan’tread?Thatisthesituationfacingilliterate(不識(shí)字的)Africanfarmers.Theyareoftendeniedcrucialinformationtheweboffersmanyothers.WithaliteracyrateinsomepartsofAfricaatonly22.6%,farmersareoften“underpaidfortheirproducebecausetheymightbeunawareoftheprevailingprices,”saysFrancisDittoh,aresearcherbehindMr.Meteo,aspeech-basedweatherinformationservice.“Themostfrequentlyheardcomplaintisaboutrainfallpredictions,”saysMr.Dittoh,wholivesinTamale,northernGhana.“Theytellusthemethodstheirforefathersusedtopredicttheweatherdon’tseemtoworkaswellthesedays.”Thisisdowntoclimatechange,hebelieves.Yetknowingwhenit’sgoingtorainisvitalforfarmerswantingtosowseeds,irrigatecropsortaketheiranimalsouttothefieldstofeedongrass.Mr.Dittohsaystheideaofconvertingonlineweatherreportsintospeechcamefromthefarmersthemselves,afteraworkshopinthevillageofGuabuligah.“Theycameupwiththis,”hesays.Mr.Meteotakestheonlineweatherforecast,convertsittoashortrecordingintheappropriatelanguageandmakesitavailableonabasicphone.Farmersringuptoreceivetheinformation.ThelocallanguageDagbaniisspokenby1.2millionpeoplebutisnotservedbyanyonlinetranslationapplications.Theservicewasdesignedtobecheapandeasytorun,saysMr.Dittoh.Heplanstobeginfieldteststhismonth,workingwithTamale’sSavannaAgriculturalResearchInstitute.Thespokenwebcouldalsohelptheone-in-fiveadultsinEuropeandtheUSwithpoorreadingskills.Butbuildingthespokenweb—web-to-voiceandvoice-to-web—isn’tstraightforward.ForsoftwaretounderstandpizzaisservedatItalianrestaurantsiseasy.Tocovermultipledomainsandtobeabletohaveaconversationwithusersoneverysingletopicisstillalongwayoff.Soalthoughmanycomputerassistantscananswersimplequestionsabouttheweatherandplaymusicforus,anythingresemblingawide-ranginghumanconversationisdecadesaway.Artificialintelligencejustisn’tsmartenoughyet.Eventurningyourvoiceintotext—automaticspeechrecognition—isoneofthehardestproblemstosolve,asthereareasmanywaystopronouncethingsastherearepeopleontheplanet.Sirihasoftenbeenpraisedforitsabilitytointerpretourcasuallanguageanddeliververyspecificandaccurateresults,sometimesevenprovidingadditionalinformation.Butitisstillsomewhatrestricted,particularlywhenthelanguagemovesawayfromstiffercommandsintomorehumaninteractions.Inoneexample,thephrase“SendatexttoJason,Clint,Sam,andLeesayingwe’rehavingdinneratSilverCloudrestaurant”wasinterpretedassendingamessagetoJasononly,containingthetext“ClintSamandLeesayingwe’rehavingdinneratSilverCloudrestaurant”.IthasalsobeennotedthatSirilacksapropereditingfunction,assaying“Editmessagetosay:we’reatSilverCloudrestaurantandyoushouldcomefindus”generates“ClintSamandLeesayingwe’rehavingdinneratSilverCloudrestauranttosaywe’reatSilverCloudrestaurantandyoushouldcomefindus”.Usingvoiceinteractionfeelsfarmoreintimatethansurfingthenettheold-fashionedway.Thisisintentionalastheinformaltoneoftheassistanthelpscreateanemotionalattachment.Butifsomethingspeaks,itmustalsolisten.Ourphonesarealwaysnearusandtheyarecollectingdataaboutusallthetime.Thishasalreadyraisedprivacyconcerns.TheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnionhasstatedthatdigitalassistantscreateathreattoprivacyfromhackers.Somepeoplehaveotherconcerns.Theyworryassistantswillonedaybeusedtodeliveradvertisingdirectlytous.Butdigitalvoicesneedmorepersonalitytomakethempopular.Robotsarenotyetwitty,Siriisboring.Thebenefitsofusingvoiceinsteadoftappingfingersobviouslydependonthecontext.Doctorscompletingonlineformsabouttheirpatientsbyspeech,forexample,candictate150wordsaminute,threetimesfasterthantypingonakeyboard.Thisenablesthemtospendlesstimeonadministrationandmoretimewithpatients.Lastyear,speechrecognitioncompanyNuancehelpedadoctors’surgeryinDukinfield,nearManchester,setupaspeechsystemforthepractice’ssixdoctors.Nowtheycandictatenotesonapatient’shealthconditionandtreatmentandasmartassistantautomaticallyenterstheinformationintotherightfieldsonawebform.Previously,thedoctorsmadevoicerecordingsthatwerethentranscribedbysecretaries—aprocessthatwascostlyandlikelytocausedelays.Thenewsystemmeansletterstopatientsnowhavemoredetail.Usingvoicealsomakessensewhenyou’redoingotherthingswithyourhands.Thinkaboutwhenyou’recooking,andyoujustwanttoknowwhatthenextstepintherecipeis.Yourhandsarecoveredwithoil;you’renotgoingtogetontheiPad,soit’salotmorenaturaltotalk.Andspeechobviouslymakessensewhenyou’redriving.IntheUS,29%ofdriversadmittheysurfbehindthewheel,accordingtoinsurancefirmStateFarm.Thisisupfrom13%in2009.Nowonderusingmobilephoneswhiledrivingcausesmorecrashesayearthandrinkdriving,saystheUSNationalSafetyCouncil.36.AccordingtoFrancisDittoh,theirspeech-basedweatherinformationservicewasmeanttobeinexpensiveandeasytouse.37.Usingvoiceinsteadoftypingenablesdoctorstospendmoretimetakingcareofpatients.38.Itisextremelydifficulttoconvertvoiceintotextbecauseofdifferentpronunciations.39.Africanfarmersunabletoreadoftendon’thaveaccesstoimportantinformationconveyedonline.40.Somephoneusersworryadvertiserswilltakeadvantageofvoiceassistantstosendadsdirectlytothem.41.Thespokenwebishelpfulwhenone’shandsareoccupied.42.Somepeoplebelieveonlineinteractionwouldsoondependmainlyonvoice.43.Settingupaspokenwebisbynomeansaneasytask.44.Weatherinformationisextremelyimportanttofarmers.45.Somepeopleareconcernedaboutprivacybecausetheirphonesareconstantlycollectingtheirpersonalinformation.SectionCDirections:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheUnitedStatesisfacingahousingcrisis:Affordablehousingisinadequate,whileluxuryhomesabound(充裕)，andhomelessnessremainsapersistentproblem.Despitethis,popularcultureandthehousingindustrymarkethappinessaslivingwithbothmorespaceandmoreamenities(便利設(shè)施).Bighousesareadvertizedasarewardforhardworkanddiligence,turninghousingfromabasicnecessityintoaluxury.Thisisreflectedinourhomes.Theaveragesingle-familyhomebuiltintheUnitedStatesbefore1970waslessthan1,500squarefeetinsize.By2016,theaveragesizeofanew,single-familyhomewas2,422squarefeet.What’smore,homesbuiltinthe2000sweremorelikelythanearliermodelstohavemoreofalltypesofspaces:bedrooms,bathrooms,livingrooms,diningrooms,recreationroomsandgarages.Thereareconsequencesoflivingbig.Asmiddle-classhouseshavegrownlarger,twothingshavehappened.First,largehousestaketimetomaintain,socleanersandotherlow-wageserviceworkersarerequiredtokeepthesehousesinorder.Second,once-publicspaces,wherepeoplefromdiversebackgroundsusedtocometogether,haveincreasinglybecomeprivatized,leadingtoareductioninthenumberofpublicfacilitiesavailabletoall,andareducedqualityoflifeformany.Takeswimmingpools.Whilein1950,only2,500U.S.familiesownedpools,by1999thisnumberwas4million.Atthesametime,publicmunicipalpoolswereoftenclosed,leavinglow-incomepeoplenowheretoswim.Thetrendforbiggerhousingthusposesethicalquestions.ShouldAmericansacceptasysteminwhichthemiddleandupperclassesenjoyaluxuriouslifestyle,usingthelow-wagelaborofothers?Arewewillingtoacceptasysteminwhichanincreaseinamenitiespurchasedbytheaffluentmeansareductioninamenitiesforthepoor?Ibelieveneitherisacceptable.Wemustchangethewaywethink:livingwelldoesnotneedtomeanhavingmoreprivatespaces;instead,itcouldmeanhavingmorepublicspaces.Abettergoalthanbuildingbiggerhousesforsomeistocreatemorepubliclyaccessiblespacesandamenitiesforall.46.WhatarebighousespromotedtobeintheUnitedStates?A)Aluxuryforthehomeless.B)Arewardforindustriousness.C)Anabundantsourceofcomforts.D)Anabsolutenecessityforhappiness.47.Whatisoneoftheconsequencesoflivingbig?A)ManyAmericans’qualityoflifehasbecomelower.B)Peoplefromdiversebackgroundsnolongersocialize.C)Peoplenolongerhaveaccesstopublicswimmingpools.D)ManyAmericans’privatelifehasbeennegativelyaffected.48.Whatquestionsarisefromlivingbig?A)Questionsrelatedtomoralprinciples.B)Questionshavingtodowithlaborcost.C)Questionsaboutwhatlifestyletopromote.D)Questionsconcerninghousingdevelopment.49.Whatkindofsocialsystemdoestheauthorthinkisunacceptable?A)Oneinwhichthewealthyexploitthelow-wagelaborersbuildingtheirhouses.B)Oneinwhichtherichpurchaseamenitiesatanincreasinglyunjustifiableprice.C)Oneinwhichtheupperclassesdeprivethelowerclassesofaffordablehousing.D)Oneinwhichtheaffluentenjoyamorecomfortablelifeattheexpenseofthepoor.50.Whatdoestheauthoradvocateforpeopletolivewell?A)Findingwaystoturnprivatespacesintopublicones.B)Buildingmorehousesaffordabletothoselessaffluent.C)Morepublicspacescreatedforeveryonetoenjoy.D)Allamenitiesmadeaccessibletotherichandthepooralike.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Mostofusintheentrepreneurialcommunityareblessed—orcursed—withhigher-than-averageambition.Ambitiouspeoplestronglydesireaccomplishmentsandarewillingtotakemorerisksandspendmoreefforttogetthem.Overall,thisisapositivequality,especiallyforpeopletryingtobuildtheirownbusinesses.Apparently,ifyou’remorenaturallydriventosetgoals,youaremorelikelytosucceed.Actually,thisisn’talwaysthecase.Infact,insomecases,extremeambitionmayendupdoingmoreharmthangood.Onemajorsideeffectofexcessiveambitionisthetendencytofocustoodeterminedlyononeparticularvisionorendgoal.Thisisproblematicbecauseithindersyourabilitytoadapttonewcircumstances,whichisvitalifyouwanttobeasuccessfulentrepreneur.Ifanewcompetitoremergestothreatenyourbusiness,youmayneedtochangedirection,evenifthatmeansstrayingfromyouroriginalvision.Ifyouhavetoomuchambition,you’llfindthishard,ifnotimpossible.Fewpeoplearesuccessfulwhentheytrytobuildtheirfirstbrand.Unfortunately,forthemostambitiousentrepreneurs,afailureisseenasdisastrous,andimpossibletorecoverfrom.It’sacleardeparturefromtheintendedplantowardtheintendedgoal.Forpeoplewithlimitedambition,however,failureisviewedassomethingclosertoreality.Remember,failureisinevitable,andeveryfailureyousurviveisalearningexperience.Ambitiouspeopletendtobemorematerialisticallysuccessfulthantheirnon-ambitiouscounterparts.However,they’reonlyslightlyhappierthantheirless-ambitiouscounterparts,andtendtolivesignificantlyshorterlives.Thisimpliesthateventhoughambitiouspeoplearemorelikelytoachieveconventional“success,”suchsuccessmeansnothingfortheirhealthandhappiness—andifyoudon’thavehealthandhappiness,whatelsecouldpossiblymatter?Clearly,someamountofambitionisgoodforyourmotivation.Withoutanyambition,youwouldn’tstartyourownbusiness,setorachievegoalsandgetfarinlife.Butanexcessofambitioncanalsobedangerous,puttingyouatriskofburnout,stubbornnessandevenashorterlife.51.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofmostentrepreneurs?A)Theyaremorewillingtorisktheirownlives.B)Theyaremoreambitiousthanordinarypeople.C)Theyachievegreaternonconventionalsuccess.D)Theyhavemorepositivequalitiesthanmostofus.52.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“thisisn’talwaysthecase”(Line1,Para.3)?A)Ambitiouspeoplemaynothaveagreaterchanceofsuccess.B)Ambitiouspeoplemaynothavemorepositivequalities.C)Entrepreneurs’ambitiondoesasmuchgoodasharm.D)Entrepreneursaremorenaturallydriventosuccess.53.Whatdoestheauthorsayisofextremeimportanceforonetobecomeasuccessfulentrepreneur?A)Holdingontoone’soriginalvision.B)Beingabletoadapttonewsituations.C)Focusingdeterminedlyononeparticulargoal.D)Avoidingradicalchangeinone’scareerdirection.54.Howdothemostambitiousentrepreneursregardfailureintheirendeavor?A)Itwillawakenthemtoreality.B)Itisalessontheyhavetolearn.C)Itmeanstheendoftheircareer.D)Itwillresultinaslowrecovery.55.WhatdidthejointstudyfindabouttheMOOCsseveralyearsago?A)Distinguishbetweenconventionalsuccessandourlifegoal.B)Followtheexampleofthemostambitiousentrepreneurs.C)Avoidtakingunnecessaryriskswhenstartingabusiness.D)Prioritizehealthandhappinessovermaterialsuccess.PartⅣTr