summary?WritingHowtowritea

WelcomeWhatarethemostdifficultpartsinwritingasummary?1.Howtofindoutthetopicsentenceofeveryparagraph?2.Howtoparaphrasethekeysentences?3.Howtoconnectthem?Part1:Howtofindoutthemainideaofeveryparagraph?

Skill1：

(1)atthebeginningofit(2)inthemiddleofit(3)atboththebeginningandtheendofit(4)attheendofitPeoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.atthebeginningofit

Peoplewholiveincountrieswithmanydoctorsandmodernhospitalsareworld’shealthiestpeople--right？Notnecessarily.Somegroupsofpeoplewhohavenodoctorsorhospitalsatallareamongtheworld’shealthiest.Forexample，peoplewholiveonsmall,farawayislandsgetveryfewdiseasesbecausetherearenooutsiderstobringingermsornewillness.

inthemiddleofit

Ahumanbodyappearstoberathersoftanddelicate,comparedwiththatofawildanimal,butitisactuallysurprisinglystrong.Indeed,itsverysoftnessandloosenessisanadvantage;itmakesmangoodatmovingaboutmovementofalllivingthingsofhisownsize,becausehecandosomanydifferentthingswithhislimbs(armsorlegs).Man’sgamesshowhowhecancontrolhisownbody.Nootherlandcreaturecanswimasskillfullyasman;morehassuchvariedbehaviour;veryfewlivesaslongashe;noneissostronginitsnaturalresistancetodisease.Therefore，manhasagreatadvantageinhisbattleagainsttherisksofdamageanddeaththatthreatenhim.

attheendofit

Goodmannersareimportantinallcountries，butwaysofexpressinggoodmannersaredifferentfromcountrytocountry.Americanseatwithknivesandforks；Japaneseeatwithchopsticks.Americanssay“Hi”whentheymeet；Japanesebow.ManyAmericanmenopendoorsforwomen；Japanesemendonot.Onthesurface，itappearsthatgoodmannersinAmericaarenotgoodmannersinJapan，andinawaythisistrue.Butinanycountry，themannersthatareimportantarethoseinvolvingoneperson’sbehaviortowardanotherperson.Inallcountriesitisgoodmannerstobehaveconsideratelytowardothersandbadmannersnotto.Itisonlythewayofbehavingpolitelythatdiffersfromcountrytocountry.Atthebothofit1.Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.…………2.Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫學(xué)家)，encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatter（后者）positionisgainingsomeground.當(dāng)出現(xiàn)兩種或兩種以上的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，過渡詞（however,but,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,inthisinstance等后引出另一觀點(diǎn)，一般轉(zhuǎn)折后的觀點(diǎn)是作者的觀點(diǎn)，作者的觀點(diǎn)才是全文主旨。Skill2Let’shaveatry!Findoutthetopicsentenceineachparagraph

keypoints1.Advertisingplaysamajorroleinthecompetitivebusinessworld.2.Advertisingencouragespeopletobuythingstheydonotwantthroughmisleadingideas.3.Advertisinghasalargeinfluenceonthedecisionmadebythepeopleintheireverydaylife.4.Advertisingplaysapartinhelpingcustomerstocompareaproductintermsofprice,quality,reliabilityandsoon.Howtoparaphrasethekeysentences?Part2:1.Usewordsofsimilarmeanings

同義替換法1.Sincetheyargued,shehasbeengiventhecoldshoulderbyherfriend.Sincetheyargued,shehasbeen_______byherfriend.ignored語態(tài)變換：Parentsshouldgivechildrenmorepraise.Childrenshould__________morepraise.begiven

2.Changefromtheactivetothepassive3.Changethepositiveintothenegative改變正負(fù)Youwillfail.Youwill____________.notsucceed4.Changethepartofspeech

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法Patienceisveryimportant.Patienceis_____________________.ofgreatimportance(5)

ChangecomplexwordsintosimplewordsWeshouldencouragechildren.Weshouldnotscoldthem.Weshouldencouragechildren__________scoldingthem.insteadof(6)Changetheorderofthewords.

詞序改變法Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience.________was___________________.PatiencethesecretofsuccessWaystoparaphrase1.Usewordsofsimilarmeaning同義詞2.Changetheorderofinformation改變順序3.Changefromtheactivetothepassive主動(dòng)被動(dòng)4.Changethepositiveintothenegative改變正負(fù)5.Changecomplexwordsintosimplewords6.Changepartofspeechdependingonwordformation詞性Foodcanbemanufacturedmuchmorecheaplytodaybecauseofimprovedfertilizersandbettermachinery.manufacture;cheaply;improved;better;manufacture-----cheaply-----(improved;better)------Peoplecanproducefoodmuchmoreeconomicallythankstomoreadvancedfertilizersandmachinery.economically/inexpensivelyadvancedproducePractice1.Advertising

playsamajorroleinthecompetitivebusinessworld.Advertisements

makeagreatdifferencetobusiness.areofgreatsignificancetoarebeneficialtoarevitaltoarecrucialto2.Advertising

encouragespeopletobuythingstheydonotwantthroughmisleadingideas.

Advertisementscanattractpeopletopurchase

unnecessaryandinadvisablethingswithitsfalse/untruthfulinformation,likecigarettes.3.Advertisinghasalargeinfluenceonthedecisionmadebythepeopleintheireverydaylife.Advertisementscanhaveaneffectoncustomers'choicesofpurchasinggoodsintheirdailylife.Advertisementscanpersuadecustomers,especiallyteenagers,intomakingunwisechoices,suchaseatingjunkfoodandsoon.4.Advertisingplaysapartinhelpingcustomerstocompareaproductintermsofprice,quality,reliabilityandsoon.Theyhelppeoplegetsmartbyprovidingusefulandcomprehensiveinformation.

Point1:Advertisementsmakeagreatdifferencetobusiness.Point2:Advertisementscanattractpeopletopurchaseunnecessaryandinadvisablethingswithitsfalseinformation,lik