languagepoints1.denyv.否認,拒絕給予,（正式）拋棄，背棄

denysth/doingsomethingTwomenhavedeniedmurderingawoman.denysb

sthIwasdeniedthechanceofgoingtocollege.Hehasdeniedhiscountry2.revengevt.

替某人報仇

revengesb

為某人報仇

Hedeterminedtorevengehisdeadbrother.決心替他死去的哥哥報仇.

n.

報仇；報復

have/takeone’srevengeonsbforsth

因某事向某人報仇

3.Itsometimeshappensthatpeopleareinapositionwheretheycanmakeanimportantdecisionaboutapersontheyhate.

有時有這樣的事發(fā)生，人們處在某個位置，這個位置可使他們對所恨的人作出重大的決定。Ithappensthat…vi.……碰巧發(fā)生。例如：IthappenedthatIsawherstandingbythewindow.我碰巧看見她站在窗邊。IthappenedthatIdidn’thaveanytimethen.我當時碰巧沒時間。Hehappenedtoknowthat.他碰巧知道那事。4.Butwhentherolesareturnedaround,itisShylockwhomustbegtheDuketosavehislife.但是當角色發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變,又該夏洛克乞求公爵饒命了。turnaround倒轉(zhuǎn)例如：Themarketturnedaroundverysharplyaboutaweekago.約一周前，市場情況急劇逆轉(zhuǎn)。turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身，掉頭。例如：

Iturnedaroundandsawthatshewassittingbehindme.我轉(zhuǎn)身看見她正坐在我身后。5.goabout+n/v-ing

著手做；從事ItwasaMondaymorningandpeopleweregoingabout

theirworkasusual.Ihavenoideahowtogoabout

mendingaclock.這是一個星期一早晨，人們象往常一樣開始工作我不知道怎樣著手修鬧鐘.據(jù)我所知……asfarasI’mconcerned(=inmyopinion)就我而言;依我之見

asfarastheyareconcerned

prep.&conj.遠至某處。Theywalkedasfarasthefootofamountain.

6.AsfarasIknow…就他們而言他們走到山腳那么遠。asfaras7.afterall

表結(jié)果與預想不同，“結(jié)果，終究”；置于句尾。表原因時，“畢竟，究竟”,通常置于句首

(1)Iexpectedtofailtheexam,butIpassedafterall.(2)IthoughtIcouldcometoseeyouthisafternoon.butI’mnotfreenowafterall.(3)Iknowyou’retired.Afterall,youhavebeenworkingallday.Languagepointsinreading1.mercyn.仁慈，憐憫，寬恕；

僥幸，幸運It’samercythattheaccidenthappenedsoclosetothehospital.很僥幸，這次事故發(fā)生在離醫(yī)院不遠處。

havemercyon/uponsb./show/givemercytosb.

寬恕、憐憫某人(1)Theyhavenomercyonthepoorfatheranddaughter.(2)Havemercyonme,please.請寬恕吧。(3)Heshowednomercytothethiefandbeathimhard.begformercy

乞求/請求寬恕atthemercyof“任由…擺布，在掌握中”(3)Ishouldn’tliketobeatthemercyofsuchacruelman.reasonableadj.1)懂道理的，通情達理的;areasonableman通情達理的人2）合理的；適度的，不高的（價錢）areasonableprice

公平的價格2.reasonable

It’snouse/useless/nogooddoingIt’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.It’snogooddrinkingandsmokingalot.做…沒用/沒有好處。例如：不要為無益的事而后悔。煙酒過多無益3.ItisuselesstryingtoarguewithShylock.It’suselesstryingtopersuadehimtogiveupsmoking.想說服他戒煙只是白費力氣.makeuseof

利用beinuse

使用之中beofuse

有用的bring…intouse

啟用put…touse

使用comeintouse

開始使用

4.may/mightaswelldosth.還是…的好;不妨/不如做某事①Wemightaswellhaveatryandseeifitcanbedone.②既然你已得到這個機會,你還是充分利用它為好.Nowthatyou’vegotthechance,youmightaswellmakefulluseofit.③Thereisnothingtodo,soImayaswellgotobed.沒什么事可做，我還是上床睡覺好了。5.PassjudgmentonmeandgiveShylockwhathewants.對我宣判吧，…judgment[U]宣判，審判。例如：passjudgementonsb.

對某人進行宣判Thejudgmentisagainsther.

那項判決對她不利。

judgement

n.判斷判決amanofgoodjudgement

判斷力強的人6.times

在此表示三倍以上的倍數(shù)。用times表示“甲是乙的幾倍大（長、寬、高等）”，“甲比乙大（長、高、寬等）幾倍”，可以用下列句型：①Ais…timesthesize(length/height/width)ofBThisstreetisfourtimesthelengthofthatone.這條街是那條街的4倍長。=這條街比那條街長3倍。

②Ais…timesasbig(long,high,wide)asBAsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。（亞洲比歐洲大三倍。）

Themeeting-roomisthreetimesbiggerthanouroffice.

Hisweightisdoublewhatitwastenyearsago.Thisrailwayistwicelongerthanthatone.③Ais…timesbigger(longer,higher)thanB會議室比我們的辦公室大三倍。④三倍以下通常用double或者twice

來表達兩倍。他的體重是

10年前的兩倍。

這條鐵路比那條長兩倍。

7.Howcanyouhopeformercyyourselftoyouwhenyoushownone如果你不寬恕別人，你自己怎能希望得到別人的寬恕呢？"1）hopefor“希望，盼望”。抱最好的希望，作最壞的準備盼早日回信。2）

“when”在這里相當于if。如果需要，她就來給你幫忙。Hopeforthebest，preparefortheworst.Wehopeforanearlyanswertoourletter.She'llbeheretogiveyouhelpwhennecessary.8.desiren./v

渴望得到，渴望Idesiremypoundofflesh.我要求得到我應得的一磅肉。desirev.要求

Manypeopledesirebetterworkingconditions.好多人渴望好的工作條件。

Wealwaysdesiretoliveinpeacewithourneighbors.我們一貫渴望與鄰國和平相處。desire表“要求”,用虛擬語氣(should)+dosth.TheQueendesiresthatyou(should)comeatonce.女王要求你馬上來。

9.dressoneselfas把自己打扮成…dressup打扮

bedressedin+colour

穿著…(狀態(tài))10.learnedadj.有學問的

alearnedman有學問的人

learningn.學問,學識

amanofgreatlearning學識豐富的人10.Idonotenvyyouyourjob.我并不羨慕您的職業(yè)。envy

vt.(envied--envied–envying)羨慕；妒嫉

envysb.sth.我并不羨慕你在這種壞天氣去旅行。我真羨慕你!Idon'tenvyyouyourjourneyinthisbadweather.HowIenvyyou!11.“amost+adj.+可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式”，不表最高級，僅表程度，“非常；十分”,most相當于“very”2.most+adj

也表“非常”Ifoundhimtobea

mostinterestingboy.Itismostbeautiful.(very)Heaskedusamostimportantquestion.Heaskedusthemostimportantquestiononthesubject.1。我發(fā)現(xiàn)他是個很有趣的男孩。2。非常漂亮。troublesomeadj.討厭的，麻煩的。例如：atroublesomeboy/task使人頭疼的男孩/工作12.casen.1）事例；病例；案件這是一發(fā)燒的病例。lookintothecase調(diào)查這個案件Thisisacaseoffever.2）情形；場合；狀況唉,那樣的話,我寧愿留在車上啦,'我回答說?！癢ell,inthatcase,Iwouldprefertostayonthebus,”Ianswered.`常用詞組：incase

以防；可能；倘若你把帽子帶上,以防太陽很利害，。incaseof

如果；萬一萬一下雨，他們就不能去了。

Takeahatwithyouincasethesunisveryhot.Incaseofraintheycan'tgo.13.Pleasebeseated.請坐下。(1)Michaelseatedhimselfatthedeskandbegantoread.(2)Helookedcarefullyandfound

her

seatedatthebackofthehall.(3)Seatedinthefirstrow,theboylistenedcarefully.seatvt1）意為"使…就座"，賓語為反身動詞，即seatoneself，或用beseated。2）seat供以座位;可容納Thehallseats2000.這個會場有兩千個座位。

seatoneself/beseated就坐a

takeone’sseat在某人座位上坐下

atake/haveaseat請坐下③Isawseveralpeople___________aonthebenchatthebackoftheaclassroom.

seated/sitting①Onthebenches_____manylittlechildren.AA.satB.wereseatedC.seated

D.weresitting②Whenheenteredtheroom,hefoundRobert___atthedesk,___totheradio.A.seated;tolistenB.sat;listening

C.seated;listening

D.sitting;tolisten介詞短語提前的全部倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語動詞無進行式或被動式.14.Whatdoyouaccuseof?你起訴什么？accusevt.控告；指控accusesomeoneofsth.

Thepoliceaccusedhimofmurder.他被指控犯謀殺罪.Note:chargesbwithsth

控告某人Hewaschargedwithmurder.指控某人某事Whatareyouaccusedof?Shylockdoesnotaccusemeofanything.saythatsbhasdonewrongorhasbrokenthelaw.控告,譴責,非難accusesbof(doing)sth他被控謀殺。Hewasaccusedofmurder.史密斯譴責她撒謊。Smithaccusedheroflying.15.Myfateisaconsequenceofbadfortune.只怨我運氣不好。consequence

n.結(jié)局；結(jié)果asaconsequence

因而；結(jié)果Asaconsequenceofbeinginhospital,Shellydecidedthatshewantedtobecomeanurse.由于在醫(yī)院的緣故，謝莉決定當一名護士。inconsequenceasaresult;consequently.結(jié)果；因此Shewasovertheagelimitand,inconsequence,herapplicationwasrejected.taketheconsequence承擔后果16.bargainn.協(xié)議,交易,廉價貨

v.討價還價,談判It'sanattractivelittlehome,andIthinkit'sabargain.Thatsecond-handtablewasarealbargain.Goodknivesdon'tcomeatbargainprices.intothebargain或inthebargainOverandabovewhatisexpected;inaddition.出乎意料：超出、超過了期望值；另外Iamnowtired,cold,andhungry,withaheadacheintothebargain.17.Todoagreatright,doalittlewrongandinthatwaywecansaveAntonio.做大而正確的事，犯點小錯誤，這樣我們才能救安東尼奧。（1）right[U]正當，公正。

doright做正當?shù)氖?/p>

tell/knowrightfromwrong辨別是非（2）wrong[U]邪惡，不正義。Littlechildrendonotknowrightfromwrong.小孩不能明辨是非。

Hehasasenseofrightandwrong.他有是非觀念。

18.accordingto

“根據(jù)…”;“按照…”to

介詞AccordingtoTom,Janegotmarriedlastmonth.據(jù)湯姆說，…I’lldoeverythingaccordingtoyourinstructions.19.tear(tore,torn)vt.&vi.撕裂；撕開(1)Hetorethelettertopieces.(2)Shetoretheskirtonanail.

她的裙子被釘子鉤破了。tearup

撕碎,連根拔起.不履行…

Hetoreuptheagreement.Themagiciantoreupa$5noteandthenmadeitwholeagain.teardown

推倒（建筑物）；摧毀Theseoldhousearebeingtearingdowntomakeawayforanewroad.tearat用力撕…Hetoreattheclothbutcouldnotopen.tear..intopieces撕成碎片Hetoretheletterintopieces.tear..inhalf把…撕成倆半Hetorethepaperinhalf.tearup撕毀。連根拔起

Hetoreuptheagreement.tearat用力撕。。Hetoreattheclothbutcouldnotopen.teardown拆毀Theytoredowntheoldbridge.tear..intopieces撕成碎片Hetoretheletterintopieces.tear..inhalf把。。撕成倆半Hetorethepaperinhalf.tear

swear

vt.&vi.(swore,sworn)

發(fā)誓；斷言。(1)sweartodosth.(2)swearthat…Hesworethathewouldneverdrink.(=Hesworenevertodrink.)

他發(fā)誓說決不再喝酒。Iswearthatyouarewrong.

我斷言你錯了。sweartohavingdonesth.發(fā)誓說做過某事，堅持說做過某事Hesworetohavingbeentherethen.他發(fā)誓說當時他在那里。Isworetohavingpaidforthegoods.我發(fā)誓說已付了貨款。Antonio,getreadyandofferupyourbreast.安東尼奧，準備好獻出你的胸膛。

offer獻出例如：TheyofferupalambtoGod.

他們向神獻出羔羊。

Sheofferedhimacupoftea.

她給他一杯茶。offerup:present獻出；獻上eg:offerupasacrifice奉獻；犧牲；獻祭AndShylocktakeyourknifeandpreparetodothedeed.

夏洛克，拿起你的刀準備割吧。

dothedeed

付諸行動，實施。例如：

deed[U]行為,事實。如：

Tohelpthepoorisagooddeed.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.

患難見真交。dogooddeeds

就是“做好事”的意思。LeiFengdidalotofgooddeeds.balancebalancen.秤,天平,平衡thebalanceofthenature生態(tài)平衡bleedtodeath

因流血過多致死to

表程度，“到”fighttodeathbeattodeathstarvetodeathtake…inone‘sarms

“擁抱”。上課鈴聲一響，老師就抱著書走進了教室Theteacherwentintoclassroom，takingsomebooksinhisarms.Ideclarethecourtallowsitandthelawgivesittoyou.我宣布法庭許可你這樣做，法律把它判給你。declare

vt.宣告；發(fā)表；公告聲明。例如：

Theywilldeclaretheresultsoftheelectionsoon.

他們將很快公布選舉的結(jié)果。Ideclarethismeetingopen.

本人宣布本次會議開始。Joneswasdeclaredthewinnerofthematch.瓊斯被宣布是這場比賽的勝者。TheChinesegovernmentdeclaredthatTaiwanispartofChina.中國政府聲明，臺灣是中國的一部分。declaresb./sth.(tobe)…“宣布成為……；聲明是……HedeclaredhimselftobeamemberoftheirParty.他宣布加入他們的黨派。Hisactionsdeclaredhimtobeanhonestman.他的行為表明他是個誠實的人。declarethat…declare(于正式場合宣布一個明確的決定或判斷,尤指重大事件,多用于官方場合)declarewar/peaceTheywilldeclaretheresultsoftherelayraceverysoon.

announce首次當眾正式宣布某一主張或態(tài)度,含“預告”之意.

Ithasbeenannouncedthat

MrAlbertandMissBettywillbemarriednextweek.Thepresident____anemergency(緊急狀態(tài))whenthewarcame.A.announcedB.declaredcourtn.法庭，法院；開庭；球場Thecourtfoundhimguilty.法庭發(fā)現(xiàn)他有罪。Theprisonerwasbroughttocourtfortrial.那個犯人被帶上法庭接受審判。Thecasewassettledoutofcourt.該案件在庭外解決了。Severalcasesawaittrialatthenextcourt.下次開庭有幾個案件等著審判。Hemetheratthetenniscourt.他在網(wǎng)球場見到了她。Arealltheplayersoncourtyet?所有球員都到場地了嗎？takesb.tocourt對某人起訴，控告

Shedecidedtotakehimtocourt.她決定控告他。注：court很多情況下不加冠詞。Youwantedjustice,soyoushallgetjustice,morethanyouwanted.

你想要公正，你就會得到公正，甚至比你想要的還多。（1）justice[U]

公正；正當。例如：

asenseofjustice

正義感

Thejusticeofourcauseiscleartoeveryone.每個人都明白我們的主張是正當?shù)摹ringapersontojustice處罰某人dojusticeto

公平對待

shall(1)shall和第一、三人稱連用，在疑問句中表示征求意見或許可。如：ShallI/hecomein?我/他可以進來嗎？(2)shall和第二、三人稱連用，在陳述句中表示命令、允諾、警告、威脅、決心等語氣。

Youshallgetthebooktomorrow.(允諾)

你明天就可以拿這本書了。

Youshallbesorryforwhatyouhavedone.（警告）

Ishallneverdosuchathing,never!(決心)

這種事我絕對不干，決不！murdervt.謀殺；殺害

Hemurderedtheoldwomanforhermoney.他殺害了那位老婦人以獲取她的錢財。Hemurderedhisrivalincoldblood.他殘忍地殺害了他的對手。GandhiwasmurderedbyanIndianwhoopposedhisviews.甘地被一位反對他的主張的印度人所殺害。murdern.謀殺；兇殺；兇殺案acaseofmurder一起兇殺案anattemptedmurder殺人未遂commitmurder犯殺人罪Shecried,“Murder!”她大喊：“殺人了!”Therewerethreemurdersinonemonth.一個月之內(nèi)發(fā)生了三起兇殺案。ThenumberofmurdersisrisinginSanFrancisco.在舊金山，兇殺案的數(shù)量在不斷增加。Hewasconvictedofmurderandsentencedtolifeimprisonment.他承認殺人，被判終身監(jiān)禁。Therefore,godownonyourkneesandbegtheDukeformercy.

因此，你趕快跪下求公爵開恩吧。

go/falldownonone’sknees（為了祈禱、服從）下跪。例如：Hewentdownonhiskneestobegachancetohim.他下跪請求給他一次機會。bendone’sknees

屈膝bendthekneetosb.

屈服于某人Althoughyou‘venotshownyourselfworthyofourkindness，youwillseethedifferenceofourspirit.adj

值得的,應得的,有價值的beworthyofsomething

邁克是值得尊敬的老師。Mikeisateacherwhoisworthyofrespect.

beworthyofbeingdone=beworthytobedone

這本書值得一讀。Thebookisworthyofbeingread.worthadj.值錢的,值的看中的

beworth(doing)something主動表被動

Thebookiswellworthreading.Mymoneyandgoodsareasdeartomeaslifeitself.我的錢和財產(chǎn)對我就像生命一樣寶貴。

dearadj.貴重的；高貴的，昂貴的

Shelosteverythingthatwasdeartoher.她失去了她所珍視的一切。

Everythingisdearerthisyear.

今年所有的東西都貴。dear親愛的；可愛的Whatadearlittlegirl!多可愛的小女孩??！

upon(=on)

＋n/ving

就在某時或某場合之后(1)Uponmyarrivalhome,Ifoundthereweresomethingstrange.WhenIarrivedhome,…….(2)Onaskingforinformation,IwastoldImustwait.=WhenIaskedforinformation,…Allhisshipswereatseaandhehadnomoneyatpresent.duringavoyageonthesea在海上

Whenhewokeup,theshipwasatsea.notknowingwhattodo茫然,不知所措

Idon’tknowhowtorepairthecar.I’mallatsea.onthesea在海上;在海邊

beyond/overthesea在海外

gotosea當水手

However,heagreedtolendAntoniothemoneyononecondition.condition[U]&[C]狀態(tài)，健康狀態(tài)；條件。(1)Mycarisoldbutingoodcondition.(2)Hehasbeenoutofconditionfortwoweeks.(3)Theirworkingconditionsareimproving.①onconditionthat

在…條件下。后接同位語從句，相當于if/onlyif

例如：He’lllendyouthemoneyonconditionthatyoureturnitontime.他會把錢借給你，條件是你要按時歸還。②onnocondition

決不OnnoconditionshallIagree.我決不會同意。Icanlendyouthemoneyonthiscondition.=if/onlyifHeisyoung,butIneverseensoyounga

bodywithsowiseahead.soadv.如此，非常。so+adj.+a/an+n.＝such+a/an+adj.+n.I’veneverseensobeautifulachild.Hewrotesogoodabookashisfirstone.如果形容詞前有as,so,too,how時a/an就該放在形容詞后，as/too/so/how+adj.+a/an+n.Itistooseriousamatter.Howinterestingaspeechhemade!Howevercolditis,hekepttakingexercise.immediatelyadv.立刻；馬上

Hecamehomeimmediatelyafterwork.他一下班就馬上回家。Iwrotebacktoherimmediately.我立刻給她寫了回信。immediatelyconj.一……就……Immediatelyhecamehome,Itoldhimaboutthat.他一回家，我就告訴他那件事了。Sherecognizedmeimmediatelyshesawme.她一看到我就認出了我。conflictn.沖突；戰(zhàn)斗Nationsmustnotsettletheirdifferencesbyarmedconflicts.各國不應通過武裝沖突解決國家之間的分歧。ThereisnoconflictbetweenchurchandstateinBritainnow.在英國教堂與政府之間已不存在矛盾。Youshouldavoidconflictwithyourneighbors.你應避免與鄰居爭執(zhí)。comeintoconflictwith與……沖突；與……有矛盾Thetwosidescameintoconflictlastweek,causing5peopledeadandmanyinjured.雙方上周發(fā)生了沖突，造成5人死亡，多人受傷。Thehusbandoftencomesintoconflictwithhiswife.這位丈夫經(jīng)常與妻子發(fā)生矛