Unit

4A

glimpse

of

the

future素養(yǎng)導(dǎo)航The

AlphaGo

program’s

victory①

is

an

example

of

howsmartcomputers

have e.But

can

artificial

intelligence

(AI)machines

actethically—can

theybehonestandfair?One

exampleof

AI

is

driverless②

cars.They

arealreadyonCalifornia

roads,so

it

is

not

too

soon

to

ask

whether

we

can

program

amachine

to

act

ethically.Asdriverless

cars

improve,they

will

savelives.They

will

makefewer

mistakesthan

humandriversdo.Sometimes,however,theywillface

achoicebetween

lives.Shouldthe

cars

be

programmed

to

avoid

hitting

a

child

running

across

theroad,even

ifthatwill

puttheirpassengersat

risk?What

about

making

a

sudden

turnto

avoid

adog?What

if

theonly

riskisdamagetothecaritself,notto

thepassengers?Perhaps

there

will

be

lessons

to

learn

from

driverless

cars,but

theyarenot

super-intelligent

beings.Teaching

ethics

to

a

machine

evenmore

intelligentthanwearewillbethebigger

challenge③.About

the

same

time

as

AlphaGo’s

victory,Microsoft’s

“chatbot”took

a

bad

turn.The

software,named

Taylor,was

designed

toanswermessages

from

people

aged18-24.Taylor

was

supposed

to

be

able

tolearn

from

the

messages

she

received.She

was

designed

to

slowlyimprove

her

ability

to

handle

conversations,but

some

peoplewereteaching

Taylor

racist

ideas.When

she

started

saying

nice

things

aboutHitler,Microsoft

turned

her

off

and

deleted

her

ugliestmessages.AlphaGo’s

victory

and

Taylor’sdefeat

happened

at

about

thesametime.This

should

be

a

warning

to

us.It

is

onething

to

use

AI

withinagame

with

clear

rules

and

clear

goals.It

is

something

very

different

touse

AI

in

the

real

world.The

unpredictability④

of

the

real

world

maybring

to

the

surface

a

troubling

software

problem.Eric

Schmidt

is

one

of

the

bosses

of

Google,whichownsAlphaGo.He

thinks

AI

will

be

positive

for

humans.He

says

people

willbe

the

winner,whatever

the e⑤.Advances

in

AI

will

make

humanbeings

smarter,more

able

and

“just

better

for

human

beings”.詞海拾貝①victory

n.勝利②driverless

adj.無人駕駛的③challengen.挑戰(zhàn)④unpredictability

n.不可預(yù)測(cè)性⑤e

n.結(jié)果典句欣賞Whatiftheonlyriskisdamage

tothecaritself,nottothe

passengers?譯文:如果唯一的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是損壞汽車本身,而不是乘客呢?分析:What

if...?如果……怎么辦?not

to

the

passengers為省略結(jié)構(gòu)。探究思辨What

do

you

think

of

the

driverless

cars?Do

you

think

it

necessary

to

make

rules

for

AI?答案:1.The

driverless

cars

are

helpful

to

the

mankind,and

they

may

bealsooutofcontrol.2.Yes,I

think

so.Section

AStarting

out

&

Understanding

ideasⅠ.知識(shí)體系圖解重點(diǎn)詞匯humanity

n.

人類

susceptible

adj.

易受影響的

automation

n.

自動(dòng)化

leap

n.

劇變

regulate

v.

控制,管理

artificial

adj.人造的,人工的

victim

n.受害者

capacity

n.能力,才能

assistant

n.助手,助理→

assist

v.幫助,協(xié)助

potentially

adv.潛在地→

potential

adj.潛在的

analyse

v.分析→

analysis

n.分析

illegal

adj.非法的,違法的→

legal

adj.合法的

immoral

adj.不道德的,道德敗壞的→

moral

adj.道德的,有道德的重點(diǎn)短語e

true3.thanksto實(shí)現(xiàn)2.be

designed

for為……而設(shè)計(jì)多虧in

contrast

與此相反,比較起來speak

of

談到,論及hang

out

掛出,閑逛on

the

whole總的來說be

capable

of能夠做……9.消滅,徹底摧毀有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)wipe

out10.

at

risk

be

replaced

with

被……所替代

be

concerned

about

關(guān)心

havenochoicebutto

do

別無選擇只能做……

agree

on

就……達(dá)成一致意見重點(diǎn)句式Every mendation

she

gives

me

is

great

since

she

can

predict

ifI

will

like

a

particular

restaurant.Ⅱ.閱讀導(dǎo)學(xué)根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容,選擇正確答案。Why

is

Professor

Stephen

Hawking

mentioned

in

the

beginning?To

use

the

celebrity

effect.To

attract

the

readers.To

lead

to

the

topic.To

impress

the

readers.答案:C2.How

does

the

person

seek

for

the

right

restaurant

now?A.Turn

to

his

old

friends.B.Rely

on

his

personal

assistant

on

his

phone.C.Give

a

call

to

the

restaurant.D.Drive

hisself-driving

car.答案:BWhat

risk

will

AI

bring

to

humans

according

to

thepassage?In

some

way,it

will

destroy

or

remove

humans.It

will

help

human

experts

solve

some

problems.Driving

will

not

be

safer

once

we

useself-driving

cars.D.With

AI,journalists

will

not

write

news

reportsthemselves.答案:A重點(diǎn)詞匯1.Are

you

concerned

about

developments

in

AI?你關(guān)心人工智能的發(fā)展嗎?(p.38)【詞匯精講】concerned為形容詞,表示“有關(guān)的;擔(dān)心的”。其動(dòng)詞和名詞形式為concern。More

and

more

people

show

great

concern

for

road

safety.現(xiàn)在越來越多的人高度關(guān)注道路安全問題?！驹~匯拓展】concern

oneself

about...關(guān)心……show/express

concern

for/about...對(duì)……表示關(guān)心

be

concerned

about/for擔(dān)心……be

concerned

with與……有關(guān);涉及

as

far

as...be

concerned就……而言A

teacher

must

show/express

concern

for/about

every

student.老師要關(guān)心每一個(gè)學(xué)生。As

far

as

I’m

concerned,riding

bicycles

is

a

good

solution.就我個(gè)人而言,騎自行車是一個(gè)好的解決方法。

The

accident

was

concerned

with

the

busdriver.這起事故與公交車司機(jī)有關(guān)。【名師點(diǎn)津】形容詞concerned作前置定語時(shí),意為“關(guān)心的,掛念的,擔(dān)心的”;作后置定語時(shí),意為“相關(guān)的;有關(guān)的”。例如:a

concernedlook“關(guān)切的神情”;the

authorities

concerned“有關(guān)當(dāng)局”。2.Thanks

to

AI,I’vegotmyownsuper-smartpersonal

assistant

builtintomyphone.多虧了人工智能,我的手機(jī)內(nèi)置了我自己的超級(jí)智能私人助理。(p.38)【詞匯精講】assistant

為名詞,在此句中意為“助手,助理”;動(dòng)詞為assist,表示“幫助,協(xié)助”。We’lldo

all

we

can

to

assist

you.我們會(huì)盡全力協(xié)助你?！驹~匯拓展】assist

sb

withsth在某方面給某人幫助

assist

sb

in(doing)sth幫助某人做某事

assist

sb

to

dosth幫助某人做某事

assistance

n.[U]幫助,協(xié)助,援助with

the

assistance

of在……的幫助下

come

to

sb’sassistance幫助某人Do

you

often

assist

yourmotherwith/to

do/in(doing)

the

housework?你經(jīng)常幫助媽媽做家務(wù)嗎?Oneof

herfellowpassengers

cametoherassistance.同車的一個(gè)乘客過來幫她?！疽谆毂嫖觥縜ssist/help/aidassist意為“幫助;協(xié)助”,側(cè)重指協(xié)助help意為“幫助”,為常用詞aid一般是指“援助”一群人,尤指用金錢(接受幫助的人較廣)【微寫作】The

assistant

is

ready

to

assist

others.When

you

requireassistance,heis

sure

to

come.3.Every

mendation

she

gives

me

is

great

since

she

can

predict

if

Iwill

likeaparticular

restaurant.她給我的每一個(gè)建議都很棒,因?yàn)樗茴A(yù)測(cè)我是否會(huì)喜歡某家餐館。(p.38)【詞匯精講】mendation

為名詞,表示“推薦;建議”,其動(dòng)詞為mend。We

make

this mendation

for

two

reasons.我們提出此建議有兩個(gè)原因。【詞匯拓展】mend

doing

sth建議做某事mend

sb

to

do

sth建議某人做某事mend

that

sb

(should)

do建議某人做某事(從句用虛擬語氣)mend

sb

sth向某人推薦某物mend

sth

to

sb把某物推薦給某人

mend

sb

as...推薦某人為……Eye

doctors mend

that

a

child’s

first

eye

exam

(should)

be

at

the

ageofsixmonthsold.眼科醫(yī)生建議孩子第一次視力檢查應(yīng)該在六個(gè)月大時(shí)。I

hopeourteacherscan mend

moreinterestingbooksand

magazinesto

usandgiveusmorefreetimetoreadthem.我希望老師能給我們推薦一些更有趣的書和雜志,給我們更多的自由時(shí)間進(jìn)行閱讀。The

doctor

strongly mended

limiting

theamount

of

fatin

my

diet.醫(yī)生強(qiáng)烈建議我限制飲食中脂肪的含量。【名師點(diǎn)津】后接的賓語從句用虛擬語氣的其他動(dòng)詞mand,urge,order,require,request等。4.Andastheywon’t

besusceptibleto

human

error,they’ll

certainlybe

a

lot

safer.因?yàn)樗麄儾粫?huì)受到人為錯(cuò)誤的影響,所以它們肯定會(huì)安全得多。(p.38)【詞匯精講】susceptible為形容詞,在該句子中表示“易受影響的”,它還有“敏感的,情緒多變的”之意。

James

was

extremely

susceptible

to

flattery.詹姆斯聽?zhēng)拙浞畛性捑屯跛??！驹~匯拓展】be

susceptible

to易受……的影響be

susceptible

of能經(jīng)受某事物;有某種能力

susceptible

population易感人群Young

people

are

the

most

susceptible

to

advertisements.年輕人最容易受廣告的影響。Is

your

statement

susceptible

of

proof?你的說法能加以證實(shí)嗎?5.Buthaveyoueverthoughtaboutthe

risks?但是你是否考慮過風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呢?(p.39)【詞匯精講】risk在該句子中為名詞,表示“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”,同時(shí)它也可作動(dòng)詞,表示“冒險(xiǎn)”,常用于risk

doing

sth這一結(jié)構(gòu),表示“冒險(xiǎn)做某事”。You

shouldn’t

underestimate

the

risks

of

the

plan.你不應(yīng)低估這一計(jì)劃的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。He

riskedhislifetosavemeinthecoldriver.他冒著生命危險(xiǎn)在冰冷的河里救了我。LastyearIhadanarrowescape,andIdon’twant

to

risk

my

life

asecond

time.去年我死里逃生,因此我不想再冒一次生命危險(xiǎn)了?！驹~匯拓展】takerisks/arisk冒險(xiǎn)take/run

therisk

ofdoingsth冒險(xiǎn)做某事

at

risk有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)at

the

risk

of...冒著……風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Men

who

had

been

stressed

tended

to

take

more

risks.男性在壓力下更容易冒險(xiǎn)。Your

health

might

be

at

risk

due

to

muchsmoking.由于吸煙太多,你的健康可能受到威脅。6.Wecouldbeseenasa“small”inconvenience

that’s

in

the

way

of

asolution

to

a

bigger

problem.我們可以被看作是一個(gè)“小”的不便,這阻礙了解決一個(gè)更大的問題。(p.39)【詞匯精講】inconvenience為不可數(shù)名詞,表示“不方便”,其中in-為否定前綴;其反義詞為convenience,表示“便利;方便”。We

apologise

for

the

delay

and

any

inconvenience

caused.我們對(duì)延誤和由此造成的不便深感抱歉?！驹~匯拓展】at

one’s

convenience在某人方便的時(shí)候

for

convenience為了方便for

the

convenienceof

sb為了方便某人

convenient

adj.方便的;便利的

conveniently

adv.方便地;便利地It

is

convenient

(for

sb)to

do

sth.(某人)方便做某事。By

setting

up

a

family

blog,we

can

convenientlyshare

ourexperiences

nomatterwhereweare.通過建立家庭博客,無論在哪里我們都能便利地分享我們的經(jīng)歷。

As

far

as

I

know,itis

convenientto

do

shopping

in

that

small

town.

就我所知,在那個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上購(gòu)物很方便。Ifyouare

interested,pleasesendan

applicationemail

atyourearliestconvenience

toMs.

Chen.如果您有興趣,請(qǐng)?jiān)诜奖愕臅r(shí)候盡早發(fā)送申請(qǐng)郵件給陳女士?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】convenience意為“便利;方便”時(shí),為不可數(shù)名詞;意為“便利的事物或設(shè)施”時(shí),為可數(shù)名詞。convenient作表語時(shí),不可用人作主語,而要用物作主語或用it作形式主語?！疚懽鳌縔ou

can

visit

Professor

Li

when

it

is

convenient,that

is,at

hisconvenience.His

house

is

convenientlynear

the

bus

stop.7.We

have

no

choice

but

to

embrace

it

and

regulate

it.我們別無選擇,只能接受它并加以規(guī)范。(p.39)【詞匯精講】have

nochoicebutto別無選擇,只能……Her

parentshadno

choice

butto

allowhertogo

toChinato

travelalone.她的父母除了允許她獨(dú)自一人去中國(guó)旅行外別無選擇?！驹~匯拓展】have

noalternativebuttodosth別無選擇只好做某事

There’s

no

alternative...……別無選擇。have

nothing

to

do

but

do除了做……外無事可做

We

have

no

alternative

but

to

go

on.除了繼續(xù)下去,我們沒有選擇的余地。There’s

no

alternative

but

to

work

together

to

fight

against

the

virus.除了共同對(duì)抗病毒,別無選擇。Ihavenothing

to

dobut

sleep

all

the

time.我無事可做,一直在睡覺。重點(diǎn)句式Every mendation

she

gives

me

is

great

since

she

can

predict

if

Iwilllike

a

particular

restaurant.她給我的每個(gè)建議都很棒,因?yàn)樗茴A(yù)測(cè)我是否會(huì)喜歡某家餐館。(p.38)【句式剖析】該句子中since

she

can

predict

if

I

will

like

a

particularrestaurant為since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句;if引導(dǎo)賓語從句,表示“是否”。Since

you

have

settled

down

in

a

new

country,you

have

to

make

anadjustment

to

the

new

environment.既然你已在一個(gè)新的國(guó)家定居下來,你就必須適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境?！揪涫酵卣埂科渌硎驹虻倪B詞和介詞短語:(1)because因?yàn)?語氣較重,常用于回答why的疑問)(2)as因?yàn)?語氣較弱)(3)for因?yàn)?并列連詞,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分句,不能置于句首,表示進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明)(4)due

to,because

of,on

account

of,owing

to,thanks

to,as

a

resultof,now

that等。He

didn’t

attend

the

meeting

because

he

was

ill.他因?yàn)樯×?沒有參加會(huì)議。John

received

an

invitation

to

dinner;he

gladly

accepted

it

as

he

hadfinished

his

work.約翰收到了吃飯的邀請(qǐng),他很高興地接受了,因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)完成了工作。Ifeltveryglad,forIcaughtsightofmyoldfriendinthecrowd.我感到非常高興,因?yàn)樵谌巳褐形铱匆娏宋业睦吓笥选?/p>

Now

that

itbenefits

usso

much,why

nothave

atry?既然它對(duì)我們有如此多的好處,為什么不試一試呢