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LabModuleReport
Experiment1
Eep.Prefermentweek1:2012/10/26
Prefermentweek2:2012/11/2
Labparter:
Manager:
RulongWu
SoftwareTechnician:
JeanHirshfeld
Chemist:
SaraFurgeson
MethodsandMaterials
Part1:SynthesizingSodiumFerrate
Tobeginwith,20mLofcommercialbleachwaspouredintoa50mLbeaker,whichinturnwasplacedwithamagneticstirringrodonastirplate.Then10gofNaOHpelletswereaddedtothebeakerandthestirplateturnedonandthesolutionstartedtomix.Thenusingapipette,0.50mLof0.30MFeClwasaddedtodissolvedNaOHsolution.Themixturewasstirredfor10minutesandcooleddownfor5minutes.
Asuctionfiltrationapparatuswasassembledandthesolutionwasfilteredsothatonlytheconcentratedsolutionofsodiumferrateremained.
Thevolumeofthesolutionwasthenmeasuredusingagraduatedcylinderandthesolutionpouredintoavialforlateruse.
Part2:CalculatethePercentYieldofFerrate
TheSpectraVisspectrometerwascalibratedusingDIwaterinfullspectrummode.TheDIwaterwasremovedthoroughlyusingaplasticpipetteandthesodiumferratewasputinitsplace.Theabsorbanceofthesodiumferrateat510nmwasrecorded;however,sincethevaluerecordeddidnotmeettherequirements,thesolutionwasdiluteduntilthevalueoftheabsorbancerecordedat510nmwasbeneath1.5.Whenthatlevelwasreached,anothersampleofthesolutionwastestedat510nmandanothervaluefortheabsorbancewasrecorded.
Theremainderofthesolutionwasplacedinanotherbeakerinpreparationforthenextphaseoftheexperiment.
TheconcentrationofferrateintheoriginalsolutionwascalculatedusingBeer’sLaw.
Thetwovaluesforconcentrationwereusedbytakingtheaverageofthetwotogettheexperimentalyieldoftheferrate.
Thisvalueoftheexperimentalyieldwascomparedtothetheoreticalyieldthatwascalculatedatthebeginningoftheexperiment.
Part3:PerformingtheReactionbetweenFerrateandDIatrizoic
equationforthereaction,foreverymoleofFeCl3used,onemoleofsodiumferrate(Na2FeO4)wouldbeproduced.
2FeCl3+3NaClO+10NaOH→2Na2FeO4+9NaCl+5H2O
Thereactionused0.50mLof0.30MFeCl3,andthefinalamountofferratesolutionwas19mL.Thetheroreticalyieldwascalculatedtobe0.00769M.
0.50mL*0.30mol/LFeCl3*1L/1000mL=0.00015mol
0.00015mol/19mL*1000mL/L=0.00789mol/L=0.00789M
Staringwith2.6mLofsolution,10mLofwaterwasaddedtodiluteit.It’sabsorbanceat510nmwas1.455,givingitaconcentrationof0.001265M.Anothersamplehadanabsorbanceof1.192at510nmandaconcentrationof0.001037M.UsingtheformulaV1C1=V2C2theoriginalconcentrationsofthesolutionswerecalculatedtobe0.00613Mand0.00502M.Theaveragebetweenthemwas0.00558M.Thiswasdividedbythetheoreticalyieldof0.00789Mgivinga70.7percentyield.
Calculatingconcentrationsofsamples
V1C1=V2C2
2.6mL*C1=12.6mL*0.001265M
C1=0.00613M
2.6mL*C1=12.6mL*0.001037M
C1=0.00502M
Averageoftwoconcentrations
(0.00613M+0.00502M)/2=0.00558M
Calculatingthepercentyield
(0.00558M/0.00789M)*100%=70.7%
Thereactionbetweenthosesolutionsof00558MferratewastimedasitreactedwithDTZA.Theabsorbancewasmeasuredasthetimedpassedtocalculatehowfastthereactionwastakingplaceandhowfasttheconcentrationwaschanging.Thenthisexperimentwasrepeatedatdifferenttemperaturestoseeifloweringthetemperaturewouldslowdownthereaction.Thetemperaturestestedwere1,4.8,12,and16degreesCelsius.AlltheratesofreactionweretakenfromFigures3through7andcompiledintoTable8andFigure8forcomparison.
Trial1:
Time(s)
ABS@510nm
FerrateConc.(M)
0
0.631
0.000548696
30
0.656
0.000570435
60
0.674
0.000586087
90
0.622
0.000540870
120
0.605
0.000526087
150
0.583
0.000506957
180
0.560
0.000486957
210
0.552
0.000480000
240
0.542
0.000471304
270
0.542
0.000471304
300
0.542
0.000471304
Table1:Thistableshowsthedifferencesinabsorbanceat510nmandconcentrationasthetimechangesforthefirsttrialofthereactionbetweenferrateandDTZA.
Figure1:ThisshowsthefirsttrialoftimedreactionbetweenferrateandDTZAandtherelatedequation.
Trial2:
Time(s)
ABS@510nm
FerrateConc.(M)
0
0.589
0.000512174
30
0.578
0.000502609
60
0.579
0.000503478
90
0.579
0.000503478
120
0.582
0.000506087
150
0.578
0.000502609
180
0.578
0.000502609
210
0.569
0.000494783
240
0.562
0.000488696
270
0.558
0.000485217
300
0.556
0.000483478
Table2:Thistableshowsthedifferencesinabsorbanceat510nmandconcentrationasthetimechangesforthesecondtrialofthereactionbetweenferrateandDTZA.
Figure2:ThisshowsthesecondtrialoftimedreactionbetweenferrateandDTZAandtherelatedequation.
Reactionsat1DegreeCelsius
Time(s)
ABS@510nm
FerrateConc.(M)
0
0.828
0.000720000
30
0.830
0.000721739
60
0.837
0.000727826
90
0.729
0.000633913
120
0.719
0.000625217
150
0.655
0.000569565
180
0.633
0.000550435
210
0.658
0.000572174
240
0.667
0.000580000
270
0.630
0.000547826
300
0.643
0.000559130
Table3:ThisshowsthesamereactionwhentheferrateandDZTAstartedat1degreeCelsius.Asthereactiontakesplace,absorbanceandconcentrationchangewithtime.
Figure3:Thisshowstherelationshipbetweenthetimeandtheconcentrationwhenthereactionstartedat1degreeCelsius.
Reactionsat4DegreesCelsius
Time(s)
ABS@510nm
FerrateConc.(M)
0
0.867
0.000753913
30
0.868
0.000754783
60
0.861
0.000748696
90
0.868
0.000754783
120
0.845
0.000734783
150
0.835
0.000726087
180
0.837
0.000727826
210
0.834
0.000725217
240
0.844
0.000733913
270
0.832
0.000723478
300
0.827
0.00071913
Table4:ThisshowsthesamereactionwhentheferrateandDZTAstartedat4degreesCelsius.Asthereactiontakesplace,absorbanceandconcentrationchangewithtime.
Figure4:Thisshowstherelationshipbetweenthetimeandtheconcentrationwhenthereactionstartedat4degreesCelsius.
Reactionsat8DegreesCelsius
Time(s)
ABS@510nm
FerrateConc.(M)
0
0.939
0.000816522
30
0.81
0.000704348
60
0.805
0.0007
90
0.809
0.000703478
120
0.816
0.000709565
150
0.793
0.000689565
180
0.822
0.000714783
210
0.812
0.000706087
240
0.806
0.00070087
270
0.816
0.000709565
300
0.793
0.000689565
Table5:ThisshowsthesamereactionwhentheferrateandDZTAstartedat8degreesCelsius.Asthereactiontakesplace,absorbanceandconcentrationchangewithtime.
Figure5:Thisshowstherelationshipbetweenthetimeandtheconcentrationwhenthereactionstartedat8degreesCelsius.
Reactionsat12DegreesCelsius
Time(s)
ABS@510nm
FerrateConc.(M)
0
0.647
0.000562609
30
0.635
0.000552174
60
0.91
0.000791304
90
0.847
0.000736522
120
0.817
0.000710435
150
0.839
0.000729565
180
0.802
0.000697391
210
0.807
0.000701739
240
0.776
0.000674783
270
0.78
0.000678261
300
0.803
0.000698261
Table6:ThisshowsthesamereactionwhentheferrateandDZTAstartedat12degreesCelsius.Asthereactiontakesplace,absorbanceandconcentrationchangewithtime.
Figure6:Thisshowstherelationshipbetweenthetimeandtheconcentrationwhenthereactionstartedat12degreesCelsius.Theconcentrationat0and30secondswaslowerthanallofthefollowingreadings.Therewasprobablysomeerror,sothesetwotimeswereignored.
Reactionsat16DegreesCelsius
Time(s)
ABS@510nm
FerrateConc.(M)
0
0.745
0.000647826
30
0.725
0.000630435
60
0.723
0.000628696
90
0.701
0.000609565
120
0.695
0.000604348
150
0.684
0.000594783
180
0.681
0.000592174
210
0.677
0.000588696
240
0.675
0.000586957
270
0.667
0.00058
300
0.667
0.00058
Table7:ThisshowsthesamereactionwhentheferrateandDZTAstartedat16degreesCelsius.Asthereactiontakesplace,absorbanceandconcentrationchangewithtime.
Figure7:Thisshowstherelationshipbetweenthetimeandtheconcentrationwhenthereactionstartedat16degreesCelsius.
Temperature(oC)
Rate(R2)
1
0.796
4
0.797
8
0.265
12
0.681
16
0.913
Table8:Thisshowsthefinalreactionratestakenfromtheequationsinthepreviousfigures.
Figure8:Thisgraphshowsthefinalrelationshipsbetweentherateofreactionandinitialtemperatureofthesolution.
Discussion:
Thehypothesissuggestedanevolutionofthetimethereactionwouldtakeinfunctionofadecreasingtemperature.
Toachievethedecreaseofthetemperatureforthesolution,asmallplasticbowlwasfilledwithcrushedice.Eachtime,thedilutedferratesolutionandtheDTZAwereproppedintheicebowlandcooledtothedesiredtemperatures(e.g16,12,8,4,1degreesCelsius)
TheSpectraVisspectrometerwascalibratedonfullspectrummodewithacuvettefilledwithDIwater.Theferratesolutionproducedinpart1ofthemainexperimentwasthenputinthespectrometerandameasureoftheabsorbanceat510nmwasdoneandwasshowntobesuperiorto1.5.Thesolutionwasthendilutedandstoredforallfuturetests.
ThedilutedferratesolutionandtheDTZAwerethenmixedandputinthespectrometerwheretheabsorbancevalueswererecordedevery30secondsduring5minutes.Thecuvettewasthencleanedandtheprocessredonewithanothertemperatureuntilallthetemperatureslistedearlierwasrecorded.
Thisconcludedtheexperimentthatwassupposedtotestourhypothesis.
LimitationandImprovement：
Butr
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