人教版（2019）必修二Unit1CulturalHeritageDiscoveringUsefulStructuresDescribepeopleorthingsingreaterdetail

LearningobjectivesBytheendofthissection,youwillbeableto:1.summarizethefunctionsofrelativepronounandadverbs;2.describepeopleorthingsingreaterdetail.Lead-inReviewtheknowledgeaboutrestrictiverelativeclausesyouhavelearnt.restrictiverelativeclausesmodifyanounorpronounprovidespecificinformationcanbeintroducedbyrelativepronounsandadverbsthat,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why...1.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.2.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.3.Thebuswhichhasjustleftwasthelastonetoday.4.Doyoustillrememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight?5.Thehotelwhere(=at/inwhich)westayedwasveryclean.6.That’sthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hemissedhisbus.Afterlisteningtothescientistswhohadstudiedtheproblem,andcitizenswholivednearthedam,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelp.Templesandotherculturalsitesweretakendownpiecebypiece,andthenmovedandputtogetheragaininaplacewheretheyweresafefromthewater.PresentationLookatthesentencesbelowandunderlinetherelativepronounsandadverbs.Findmoresentencescontainingrelativeclausesfromthetextonpage4.Therecomesatime_______theoldmustgivewaytothenew,...Waterfromthedamwouldlikelydamageanumberoftemplesanddestroyculturalrelics_______wereanimportantpartofEgypt’sculturalheritage.Afterlisteningtothescientists_________hadstudiedtheproblem,andcitizens_______livednearthedam,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelp.Temples...andthenmovedandputbacktogetheragaininaplace_______theyweresafefromthewater.Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathtothefuture_______didnotrunovertherelicsofthepast......byUNESCO,_________runsaprogramme_________preventsworldculturalheritagesitesaroundtheworldfromdisappearing.whenthatwhowhowherethatwhichthatFillintheblankswithproperrelativepronounsandadverbs.Discussinpairsaboutthemajorfunctionsoftherelativeclauses.Thenmakeashortsummaryinatableormindmap.關(guān)系詞詞形先行詞在句中的成分關(guān)系代詞who人主、賓whom人賓which物主、賓that人、物主、賓whose人、物定關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間詞狀where地點(diǎn)詞狀why原因詞狀FunctionsofheadnounFunctionsofrelativepronounO-S先行詞在主句中作賓語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)Ilikeateacher

whoinspireshis/herstudents.O-O先行詞在主句中作賓語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)Ilikethebook

(that)youmentioned.S-S先行詞在主句中作主語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)He

whomakesnomistakesmakesnothing.S-O先行詞在主句中作主語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)Theman

(who)youmetismycousin.e.g.Weknewthescientistwhohadstudiedtheproblem.

（若把從句去掉，則不明白是哪位科學(xué)家。）定語(yǔ)從句限制性e.g.WeknewthephysicalscientistHawkins,whohadstudiedtheproblem.

（若把從句去掉，仍然知道是哪位科學(xué)家。）在意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如果省略，所修飾的先行詞往往不明確，前面一般沒(méi)有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。往往是對(duì)先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，為先行詞提供補(bǔ)充信息，即使去掉，也不會(huì)影響先行詞的明確性，與主句之間常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。非限制性限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞的省略1.

作直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略：Alanisamanwhoisstrictwithhimselfineverything

(that)

hedoes.

艾倫在做任何事情的時(shí)候都對(duì)自己嚴(yán)格要求。Theman(who/whom)yousawjustnowisthehead

ofourdepartment.

你剛才看到的那個(gè)人是我們部門(mén)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。2.作表語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that可以省略：Isabelhaschanged.Sheisnolongerthelittlegirl(that)shewas.伊莎貝爾已經(jīng)變了。她再也不是以前那個(gè)小女孩了。3.在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞在介詞后雖作賓語(yǔ)，卻不能省略：DoyouknowanylibrariesfromwhichIcanborrowthisbook?你知道我能從哪個(gè)圖書(shū)館借到這本書(shū)嗎？關(guān)系代詞宜用that不用which的情況1.

當(dāng)先行詞是all，much，anything，something，everything，nothing，little，few等不定代詞時(shí)：Therewasnotmuch

(that)wecoulddowhenitwasraining.

下雨的時(shí)候我們能做的事不多。Thatisall

thatworks.

這就是所有的工作。2.當(dāng)先行詞為序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級(jí)，或被序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)：ThefirstEnglishnovel

thatIreadwasTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.我讀的第一本英文小說(shuō)是《湯姆·索亞歷險(xiǎn)記》。ThisisthemostbeautifulscenerythatIhaveseensofar.這是我目前見(jiàn)過(guò)的最美的風(fēng)景。關(guān)系代詞宜用that不用which的情況3.

當(dāng)先行詞被all，no，few，any，little，thesame，thelast，theonly，thevery等修飾時(shí)：I’vereadallthebooksthatmymotherboughtforme.

我已經(jīng)讀完了媽媽買給我的所有書(shū)。Thisistheverybook(that)

Iwanttoread.

這正是我想讀的書(shū)。4.當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)：Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.我們所有人都?xì)J佩你告訴我的那位科學(xué)家和他所取得的成就。關(guān)系代詞宜用which不用that的情況1.

在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)：Isthisthecarforwhichyoupaidahighprice?

這就是你花高價(jià)買的那輛車嗎？2.當(dāng)有兩個(gè)并列的定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其中前一個(gè)從句的關(guān)系代詞用that，后一個(gè)宜用which：LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.我給你看一本我從新開(kāi)放的圖書(shū)館里借的小說(shuō)。關(guān)系代詞宜用who不用that的情況先行詞是指人的不定代詞時(shí)，如one，ones，anyone，everyone，everybody，someone等，或先行詞為those且指人時(shí)：Theperson

whoboughtthehouseormovedistheonewhothrowstheparty.

買了房子或搬家的人是舉辦派對(duì)的人。Thosewhodaretobreakthelawwillbepunished.

那些膽敢違反法律的人將會(huì)受到懲罰。關(guān)系代詞作動(dòng)詞的間接賓語(yǔ)的情況1.關(guān)系代詞作動(dòng)詞的間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用to或for。例如：

Whoisthegirlthathegavetheflowerto?Whoisthegirlthathegavetheflower?2.無(wú)關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，也要用to或for。例如：TheladyIwrotethepoemfor

wasmysister.

我為她寫(xiě)詩(shī)的那個(gè)女人是我姐姐?！敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的注意事項(xiàng)1.正式英語(yǔ)中，介詞可置于從句之首，whom或which之前。但不可置于who或that之前：Thisisthegreatwritertowhomourteacherwasreferring.這就是我們老師提到的那位偉大的作家。Heaskedaquestiontowhichtherewasnoanswer.他問(wèn)了一個(gè)無(wú)人回答的問(wèn)題。2.定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)如果是以介詞結(jié)尾的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，則不可把介詞移至從句之首，常見(jiàn)的此類短語(yǔ)有l(wèi)ookfor，listento，lookafter，takecareof等：Hereceivedtheemailhewaslookingforwardto.他收到了他期待的電子郵件。Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.

這就是我正在找的那塊表。Step1

明確主句和從句。Step2

找到先行詞，確定它在主句中的功能。Step3

根據(jù)先行詞和關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在從句中的功能，

確定使用哪個(gè)關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。EXAMPLEIhavedownloadedthatfreeapp,butitdoesn’tworkwell.→Thefreeapp(which/that)Ihavedownloadeddoesn’tworkwell.一般出現(xiàn)兩次的詞就是先行詞。PracticeRewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.1.Heshowedmeaphotoinhisroom.ItwasaphotoofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.→

Thephoto_______________________________________________________________2.TheprojectteamhelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.Itwasformedbymembersfromfifteencountries.→

Theprojectteam__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.ThistemplewasfirstbuiltduringtheQinDynasty.→

Thetime_________________________________________________________________(which/that)heshowedmeinhisroomwasofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.

whosememberswerefromfifteencountrieshelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.whenthistemplewasfirstbuiltwasduringtheQinDynasty.Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.4.WemetaprofessionalarchaeologistattheentrancetotheGreatPyramid.Heexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure.→

Theprofessionalarchaeologist_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Thedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasareunderthedesk.Ifoundthemyesterday.→

Theplace_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.Scientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetemplebecausetheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.→

Thereason______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(who/whom)wemetattheentrancetotheGreatPyramidexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure.whereIfoundthedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasyesterdayisunderthedesk.

whyscientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetempleisthattheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.Workbookwho

whom

whose

thatwhich

when

where

why1.Thatisthesite________they

discoveredcavesfullofBuddhastatues.2.Doesanybodyknowthereason

________herefusedtosignthedocument?3.Sueisthepersonto

________Isent

thetextmessageyesterday.4.Mybrotherworksinacafé

________

top-qualityItalianfoodisserved.5.Thisisthearchaeologist

________

discoveredtheIncaruins.6.Onthewayhome,hehelpedayoungman

________carhadbrokendown.7.Tasmaniaisthemostunforgettableplace

_________

Ihaveeverbeento.8.InEuropeancountries,theweekendisusuallyatime

________nobodygoestowork.9.Thisisthestoryin__________thevaluableblueandwhiteporcelainvasefromtheMingDynastywasfinallyreturnedtoitsowner.wherewhywhomwherewhowhosethat/whichwhenwhichChoosethecorrectwordstofillintheblanks.1.Lastwinterwesawthewell-preserved

templeforthefirsttime.Iwillrememberitforever.

___________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.ImetaGermanscientistatthepartylast

week.Heislikelytobeworkinginourcity._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Thisisthebookshop.

Ifoundabookabout

LiangSicheng’scontributiontoprotectingChina’sculturalheritageinit._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Iwillrememberforeverthetimelastwinterwhenwefirstsawthewell-preservedtemple.（我會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)記得去年冬天的那一刻，就在那一刻我們第一次看到那座保存完好的寺廟。）ImetaGermanscientistwhoislikelytobeworkinginourcityatthepartylastweek.（上周的聚會(huì)上我遇到了一位德國(guó)科學(xué)家，這位科學(xué)家可能會(huì)在我們城市工作。）ThisisthebookshopwhereIfoundabookaboutLiangSicheng’scontributiontoprotectingChina’sculturalheritage.（這就是那家書(shū)店，我在里面找到了一本書(shū)，書(shū)中講述了梁思成對(duì)中國(guó)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)所做出的貢獻(xiàn)。）Jointhetwosentencesusingrelativeclauses.ThentranslatethemintoChinese.4.Theboy’sproposalwashelpfulandpractical.Mostofthestudentsagreedwithhim.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________5.Hedoesnotidentifyhappinesswithmoney.

Thatisthereason.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.Thecommitteewasestablishedlastyear.It

playsanimportantroleinenvironmentalprotection._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thatisthereasonwhyhedoesnot

identifyhappinesswithmoney.

（這就是他不把幸福等同于金錢(qián)的原因。）Mostofthestudentsagreedwiththe

boywhoseproposalwashelpfulandpractical.

（多數(shù)學(xué)生都贊同那個(gè)男孩，認(rèn)為他的建議既有用又可行。）Thecommitteewhichwasestablished

lastyearplaysanimportantroleinenvironmentalprotection.（去年成立的委員會(huì)在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面發(fā)揮了重要的作用。）Jointhetwosentencesusingrelativeclauses.ThentranslatethemintoChinese.1.Thisisthemonthduringwhichwe’dliketo

travelaround.

___________________________________________________________________2.Shegavealectureinthehallinwhich

we

interviewedafamousBeijingoperaactorlastweek.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Lillianworksinagovernmentofficein

whichtherearemanydifferentdepartments.___________________________________________________________________4.FindingajobasahistoryteacherinanotherschoolwasthereasonforwhichImoved.___________________________________________________________________Thisisthemonthwhenwe’dliketo

travelaround.Shegavealectureinthehallwhere

weinterviewedafamousBeijingoperaactorlastweek.Lillianworksinagovernmentoffice

wheretherearemanydifferentdepartments.Findingajobasahistoryteacherin

anotherschoolwasthereasonwhyImoved.Rewritethesentencesbyreplacingprep+which/whomwithwhen/how/where/why.5.Summeristheseasoninwhichitisbestto

practiseoutsidewithyourteam.

___________________________________________________________________6.TheLongmenGrottoesweretheplacein

whichImetthefamousartistwhoshowedmemanyofhispaintingsanddigitalphotos.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.Ireliedonmycaruntilitbrokedownatthe

placeatwhichthethreeroadsmet.___________________________________________________________________8.Itisatimeatwhichthesunbeginstosetandthemoonbeginstorise.Helikestotakephotosfromtheroofofhishouse.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Summeristheseasonwhenitisbest

topractiseoutsidewithyourteam.TheLongmenGrottoesweretheplace

whereImetthefamousartistwhoshowedmemanyofhispaintingsanddigitalphotos.Ireliedonmycaruntilitbrokedown

attheplacewherethethreeroadsmet.Helikestotakephotosfromtheroof

ofhishouseatatimewhenthesunbeginstosetandthemoonbeginstorise.Rewritethesentencesbyreplacingprep+which/whomwithwhen/how/where/why.1.Nooneknowsforcertainhowtheislanders

transportedthestatues,theywereextremelylargeandheavy.

___________________________________________________________________2.Peopledoubtthattheyweredragged

(牽引)

overtheland,thatissorough.___________________________________________________________________3.Somepeoplethinkthattheislandersused

largetoolsthatismadeofstrongwood.___________________________________________________________________4.Thewoodformakingthetoolsprobablycamefrombigtrees,itdidnotexistontheisland.___________________________________________________________________5.Somepeopleclaimthatunknownbeings

fromspacemovedthestatues,theyaresoheavy.

___________________________________________________________________whichwhichwerewhichwhichwereThelargestonestatuesonEasterIslandremainamysterytous.Readabouttheirhistoryandcorrectthemistakesinthetext.6.Accordingtotheislanders,

thefinished

statuesweremovedbythosehadmagicpowers.___________________________________________________________________7.Itissaidthatthestatueswerecarvedduring

thesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies,whentheislandwasruledbyamysterioussocietythen.___________________________________________________________________8.TheDutchvisitedtheislandin1722thetimethesocietythathadmadethestatueshaddisappeared.___________________________________________________________________9.TheDutchwantedtogetsuppliesonthisislandwheretherew