Lesson1

'ThisIsYourLife，isoneofthemostpopularprogrammesonBritishand

Americantelevision.Everyweekafamouspersonisinvitedtoatelevision

studio,withoutknowingthatheorshewi11bethesubjectoftheprogramme.

Thecomperemeetsthepersonoutsidethestudioandsays'Thisisyour

life!，Thepersonthenmeetsfriendsandrelativesfromhisorherpast

andpresent.Studio4iswheretheprogrammeisrecorded.Theprogramme

beginsateighto'clock.It，s6:45nowandthedirectorischeckingthe

preparationswithhisnewproductionassistant(PA).Thesubjectof

tonight'sshowwillbeanactor,JasonDouglas.Thecompere,asusual,

willbeTerryDonovan.

Director:Let'sjustcheckthearrangements.We，rebringingJasonDouglas

hereinastudiocar-hethinkshe'scomingtoadiscussionprogramme!

Thedriverhasbeentoldtoarriveatexactly7:55.Now,theprogramme

beginsateighto,clock.AtthattimeJasonwillbewalkingtothestudio.

TerryDonovanwillstarthisintroductionat8:01,andJasonwillarrive

at8:02.Terrywillmeethimatthestudioentrance...Camera4willbe

there.Thenhe，11takehimtothatseat.It'11beonCamera3.Jasonwill

besittingthereduringthewholeprogramme.FormostoftheshowTerry

willbestandinginthemiddle,andhe，11beonCamera2.Theguestswill

comethroughthatdoor,talktoTerryandJason??,andthensitoverthere.

Director:Now,isthatallclear?

PA:Yes.??there，sjustonething.

Director:Well,whatisit?

PA:Who,sgoingtolookaftertheguestsduringtheshow?

Director:Paulineis.

PA:Andwherewilltheybewaitingduringtheshow?

Director:InRoom401,asusual.Paulinewillbewaitingwiththem,and

she'11bewatchingtheshowonthemonitor.She，11tellthemtwominutes

beforetheyenter.

PA:Ithinkthat,severything.

Terry:Goodeveningandwelcometo'ThisisYourLife，.ThisisTerry

Donovanspeaking.We'rewaitingforthesubjectoftonight，sprogramme.

He'soneoftheworld，sleadingactors,andhethinkshe'scominghere

totakepartinadiscussionprogramme...Icanhearhimnow...yes,

hereheis!JasonDouglas...Thisisyourlife!

Jason:Oh,no...Idon，tbelieveit!Notme...

Terry:Yes,you!Nowcomeoverhereandsitdown.Jason,youwereborn

atnumber28BalaclavaStreetinEastHam,LondononJuly2nd,1947.You

wereoneofsixchildren,andyourfatherwasataxidriver.Ofcourse,

yournamewasthenGrahamSmith.

Terry:Now,doyouknowthisvoice?'IrememberJasonwhenhewastwo.

Heusedtoscreamandshoutallday.'

Jason:Susan!

Terry:Yes...allthewayfromSydney,Australia...Sheflewhere

speciallyforthisprogramme.It'syoursister,SusanFraser!

Jason:Susan...Whydidn，tyoutellme...oh,thisiswonderful!

Terry:Yes,youhaven，tseeneachotherfor13years...takeaseatnext

tohim,Susan.Youstartedschoolattheageoffive,in1952,andin1958

youmovedtoLaneEndSecondarySchool.

Terry:Doyourememberthisvoice?'Smith!Stoplookingoutofthewindow!?

Jason:Oh,no!It'sMr.Hooper!

Terry:YourEnglishteacher,Mr.StanleyHooper.WasJasonagoodstudent,

Mr.Hooper?

Mr.Hooper:Eh?No,hewastheworstintheclass...buthewasabrilliant

actor,eveninthosedays.Hecouldimitatealltheteachers?

Terry:Thankyou,Mr.Hooper.YoucanspeaktoJason,later.Well,you

wenttotheLondonSchoolofDramain1966,andleftin1969.In1973you

wenttoHollywood.

Terry:Doyouknowthisvoice?'HiJason…Canyourideahorseyet?’

Jason:Maria!

Terry:MariaMontrose...who'scomefromHollywoodtobewithyoutonight.

Maria:Hello,Jason...it，sgreattobehere.Hello,Terry.Jasonand

Iwereinamovietogetherin1974.Jasonhadtolearntorideahorse...

Well,Jasondoesn，tlikehorsesverymuch.

Jason:Likethem!I'mterrifiedofthem!

Maria:Anyway,hepractisedfortwoweeks.Thenhewenttothedirector

itwasCharlesOrson...andsaid,*Whatdoyouwantmetodo?’Charles

said,'Iwantyoutofalloffthehorse，.Jasonwasfurious.Hesaid,'What?

Falloff!rvebeenpractisingfortwoweeks...Icouldfalloffthefirst

day?..withoutanypractice!J

Interviewer:Goodmorning,sir.I'mfromradiostationQRX,andIwonder

ifyou，dmindansweringafewquestionsforoursurveytoday.

David:Uh...sure,whynot?

Interviewer:What'syourname?

David:Uh,mynameisDavidGeorge.

Interviewer:David,whatdoyoudoforaliving?

David:I'maprofessionalbaseballplayer.

Interviewer:Really?

David:Mm-hmm.

Interviewer:That'sterrific.Whatdoyoudoforfun?

David:Well,Iliketoreadtheclassics-youknow,Dickens,

Shakespeare,...uh...bookslikethat.

Interviewer:Fabulous.Andwhat'sthemostexcitingthingthat'shappened

toyourecently?

David:JustcallmeDad.MywifeandI...uh...hadourfirstbaby.

Interviewer:Oh,(Yeah.Alittlegirl.)that'swonderful.

David:Mm-hmm.

Interviewer:Whodoyouadmiremostinthisworld?

David:Well,Iadmiremywife...uh...she，sterrific.She，sgoingto

beagreatmother,greatmother.

Interviewer:Terrific.Whatdoyouwanttobedoingfiveyearsfromnow?

David:Well,...uh...fiveyearsfromnowI'dliketobeafatherof

five,rdliketohavelotsofkidsaroundthehouse.

Interviewer:That，sfabulous.

David:Yeah.

Interviewer:Thanksverymuchfortalkingtous,David.

David:Well,thankyou.

Interviewer:Goodmorning.I'mfromradiostationQRX,andIwonderedif

you'dmindansweringafewquestionstodayforoursurvey.

Suzanne:Notatall.

Interviewer:What，syourname?

Suzanne:SuzanneBrown.

Interviewer:Suzanne,whatdoyoudoforaliving?

Suzanne:Vmalawyer.

Interviewer:Alawyer?Andwhatdoyoudoforfun?

Suzanne:Iliketorun.

Interviewer:Uh-huh.Running,like一

Suzanne:Jogging.

Interviewer:Jogging.Andwhat'sthemostexcitingthingthat'shappened

toyourecently?

Suzanne:IgottorunintheBostonMarathon.

Interviewer:Congratu1ations.Andwhodoyouadmiremostintheworld?

Suzanne:Oh,well,I'dhavetosayMartinLutherKing,Jr.

Interviewer:Mmm,yes.Andwhatdoyouwanttobedoingfiveyearsfrom

today?

Suzanne:Well,dareIsaywintheBostonMarathon?

Interviewer:Wonderful.Thanksalotfortalkingtoustoday,Suzanne.

Suzanne:You'rewelcome.

Interviewer:Goodmorning,sir.I'mfromradiostationQRX,andIwonder

ifyoucouldanswerafewquestionsforoursurveythismorning.

Adolfo:Oh,yes,yes.

Interviewer:What'syourname?

Adolfo:MynameisAdolfoVasquez.

Interviewer:Adolfo,whatdoyoudoforaliving?

Adolfo:rmadancer.

Interviewer:Adancer.Andwhatdoyoudoforfun?

Adolfo:Iwatch...uh...musicalmovies.

Interviewer:Musicalmovies.Andwhat'sthemostexcitingthingthat，s

happenedtoyourecently?

Adolfo:Oh,aboutsixyearsagoImovedtoUnitedStates,(Uh-huh.)and

that，squiteexcitingforme.

Interviewer:Yes,thatisveryexciting.Whatdoyou一whodoyouadmire

mostintheworld?

Adolfo:Iadmirealot...um...SophiaLoren,themovieactress.

Interviewer:Iunderstandcompletely.(Mm-hmm.)Whatdoyouwanttobe

doingfiveyearsfromnow?

Adolfo:IlikeverymuchwhatI'mdoingrightnow,soIreallywouldlike

tokeepdoingit.

Interviewer:Verygood.(Mm-hmm.)Thanksforspeakingtoustoday,Adolfo.

Adolfo:Okay.You'rewelcome.

Interviewer:Goodmorning,Miss.I'mfromradiostationQRX,andIwonder

ifyoucouldanswerafewquestionsforoursurvey.

Linda:Sure.

Interviewer:What，syourname?

Linda:LindaMontgomery.

Interviewer:Linda,whatdoyoudoforaliving?

Linda:Uh,well,rightnowI'mgoingtobeautyschool.

Interviewer:Beautyschool?

Linda:Yeah.

Interviewer:Uh-huh.Andwhatdoyoudoforfun?

Linda:Oh,whatforfun,Ihangoutwithmyfriends-youknow,goforpizza,

stufflikethat.

Interviewer:Iunderstand.What，sthemostexcitingthingthat，shappened

toyourecently?

Linda:Oh,thiswassogreat!(Yeah?)FourofmyfriendsandI,wewent

toaBruceSpringsteenconcert.Weactually—wegottickets.

Interviewer:Wonderful.

Linda:Itwasthebest.

Interviewer:Whodoyouadmiremostintheworld?

Linda:WhodoIadmi-Iguess(Mm-hmm.)mydad,(Uh-huh.)probablymydad.

Yeah.

Interviewer:Andwhatdoyouwanttobedoingfiveyearsfromnow?

Linda:IwouldloveitifIcouldhavemyownbeautysalon.

Interviewer:Uh-huh.

Linda:Thatwouldbegreat.

Interviewer:Thanksverymuchfortalkingtoustoday.

Linda:Okay.

Announcer:Andnow,at10:50it'stimefor〃InYourOwnWords'",inwhich

weinterviewpeoplewithunusualstoriestotell.Heretointroducethe

programmeisPatriciaNewell.Goodmorning,Patricia.

Patricia:Goodmorning,andgoodmorningeveryone.Withmeinthestudio

nowisthismorning，sguest,TrevorCartridge.Goodmorning,Trevor.

Trevor:Goodmorning,Patricia.

Patricia:Trevor,youhaveoneofthemostunusualstoriesI'veeverheard.

Yet,nowadays,youseemtoleadaveryordinarylife.

Trevor:Yes,Patricia.I'madentist.IliveandworkinLondon.

Patricia:Butatonetimeyouusedtohaveadifferentjob?

Trevor:Yes,Iwasasoldier.

Patricia:Asoldier?

Trevor:That'sright.

Patricia:Andhowlongagowasthat?

Trevor:Oh,abouttwothousandyearsago.

Patricia:That'sright.TrevorCartridgebelievesthathewasasoldier

inthearmyofJuliusCaesar.HerememberscomingtoBritainwiththeRoman

armytwothousandyearsago.Trevor,tellusyourremarkablestory

inyourownwords!

Trevor:Well,funnilyenough,itallbeganbecauseIwantedtogiveup

smoking.

Patricia:Giveupsmoking!

Trevor:Mm,IusedtosmoketoomuchandItriedtogiveupseveraltimes,

butIalwaysstartedsmokingagainafewdayslater.IntheendIwent

toahypnotist.Hehypnotizedme,andIstoppedsmokingatonce.Iwas

delighted,asyoucanimagine.

Patricia:Yes?

Trevor:Thatmademeveryinterestedinhypnotism,andItalkedtothe

hypnotistaboutit.Hetoldmethatsomepeoplecouldremembertheirpast

liveswhentheywerehypnotized,andheaskedifIwantedtotry.Ididn't

believeitatfirst,butintheendIagreed.Hehypnotizedme,andsure

enough,Iremembered.IwasaRomansoldierinCaesar，sarmy.

Patricia:Youdidn，tbelieveitatfirst?

Trevor:Ididn，tbelieveitbeforewetriedtheexperiment.NowI'm

absolutelyconvincedit'strue.

Patricia:Whatdoyouremember?

Trevor:Oh,allkindsofthings,butthemostinterestingthingIremember

isthenightwelandedinBritain.

Patricia:Yourememberthat?

Trevor:Ohyes.Itwasaterrible,stormynight.Therewereahundredor

moreofusintheboat.Wewereallshutin,becausetheweatherwasso

badandmostpeopleweresick,becauseitwasverystuffy.Therewasa

terriblesmellofpetrol,Iremember.Lotsofmenthoughtweshouldgo

backtoFrance.Itwasn，tcalled'France'then,ofcourse.

Patricia:Andtherewasasmellofpetrol?

Trevor:Yes,itwasterrible.Theweathergotworseandworse.Wethought

weweregoingtodie.Intheendtheboatwaspushedupontothesands,

andweclimbedout.Irememberjumpingintothewaterandstrugglingto

thebeach.Thewaterwasuptomyshouldersanditwasafreezingnight.

Alotofmenwerekilledbythecoldordrownedinthestorm,butImanaged

togetashore.

Patricia:Youdid?

Trevor:Yes.Therewereabouttensurvivorsfromourboat,buteventhen

ourtroublesweren，tover.Wefoundafarmhouse,butitwasdeserted.When

thepeoplereadthenewspapers,andknewthatwewerecoming,theywere

terrified.Theytookalltheiranimalsandalltheirfood,andranaway

intothehills.Ofcourse,therewerenoproperroadsinthosedays.Well,

wewentintothehouseandtriedtolightafire,butwecouldn，teven

dothat.Wealwayskeptmatchesinourtrousers'pockets,sonaturally

theywereallsoaked.Wecouldn，tfindanythingtoeat,exceptonetin

ofcatfood.Weweresohungry,webrokeitopenwithourknives,andate

it.Wefoundatap,butthewaterwasfrozen.Intheendwedrankrainwater

fromthetin.Wesatveryclosetogetherandtriedtokeepwarm.Wecould

hearwolvesbutwedidn，thaveanyweapons,becauseourgunswerefull

ofseawater.Bythemorning,thestormwasover.Wewentontothebeach

andfoundwhatwasleftoftheboat.Wemanagedtofindsomefood,and

wehopedtherewassomewinetoo,butwhenweopenedtheboxallthebottles

werebroken.

Patricia:Sowhathappened?

Trevor:Wewaited.Finallyanotherboatcameandtookusaway,andwe

joinedtheothersoldiers.Iremembergoingintothecamp,andgetting

ahotmeal,andcleanclothes.Itwaswonderful.Weweregivenourpay,

too.Irememberthedateonthecoins,50BC.Itwasanexcitingtime.

Patricia:AnddidyoustayinBritain?

Trevor:Ohyes,Iwashereforfiveyears,from50BCto55BC.Ienjoyed

mystayinBritainverymuch.

Patricia:AndthenyouwentbacktoRome?

Trevor:Ican'trememberanythingafterthat.

Patricia:Well,TrevorCartridge,thankyoufortellingusyourstory,

inyourownwords.

(1)Bob,doyouthinkyoucouldpossiblyturnoffthatradio?I'm(pause)

tryingtowritealetter.

(2)A:Idon'twantadoubleroom.Iwantasingleroom.

B:rmsorry,sir,butI'mafraid43(pause)istheonlysingleroom

availableatthemoment.

(3)A:JustlookwhatI'vegot.

B:Letmesee.Fiftypounds!(pause)Whereonearthdidyougetit?

(4)A:OhbothertheSexDiscriminationAct.Surelytheycan，tforceme

totakeonamarriedwoman.

B:Theycan'tforceyouto,Mr.Clark,but(pause)youmustn，tdiscriminate

againstsomeonejustbecausethey，remarried.

(5)A:rmgladI'mnotaprincess.Itmustbeadreadfullife.

B:Dreadful?(pause)Iwouldn，tmindbeingaprince.

(6)rmareasonablyhard-workingperson.But(pause)Vmnotaworkaholic.

(7)A:Hadyourbrotherbeennervousaboutithimself?

B:Well,hedidn，tsay,butpossibly(pause)hehadbeen.

TheKnowledge

BecomingaLondontaxidriverisn，teasy.Inordertoobtainalicence

todriveataxiinLondon,candidateshavetopassadetailedexamination.

Theyhavetolearnnotonlythestreets,landmarksandhotels,butalso

thequickestwaytogetthere.Thisiscalled'TheKnowledge，byLondon

cabdriversanditcantakeyearsofstudyandpracticetoget'The

Knowledge'.Candidatesareexaminednotonlyonthequickestroutesbut

alsoonthequickestroutesatdifferenttimesoftheday.Peoplewhowant

topasstheexaminationspendmuchoftheirfreetimedrivingoreven

cyclingaroundLondon,studyingmapsandlearningthehugestreet

directorybyheart.

TheUnderground

TravellingontheLondonunderground(the'tube')presentsfew

difficultiesforvisitorsbecauseoftheclearcolour-codedmaps.Itis

alwaysusefultohaveplentyofsparechangewithyoubecausethereare

oftenlongqueuesatthelargerstations.Ifyouhaveenoughchangeyou

canbuyyourticketfromamachine.Youwillfindsignswhichlistthe

stationsinalphabeticalorder,withthecorrectfares,nearthemachines.

Thereareautomaticbarrierswhichareoperatedbythetickets.Youshould

keeptheticket,becauseitischeckedatthedestination.

Lesson2

Interviewer:Isfilmeditingacomplicatedjob?

FilmEditor:Ohyes,alotofpeopleprobablydon'tknowhowcomplicated

ajobitcanbe.It'sfarmorethanjuststickingpiecesoffilmtogether.

Interviewer:Howlongdoesittaketoeditafilm?

FilmEditor:Well,itdepends.Youcanprobablyexpecttoedita10-minute

filminaboutaweek.A35-minutedocumentary,liketheoneI'mediting

atpresent,takesaminimumoffourtofiveweekstoedit.

Interviewer:Canyouexplaintomehowfilmeditingworks?

FilmEditor:Therearedifferentsteps.JSynchingup’,forexample.

Interviewer:Whatdoyoumeanbysynchingup?

FilmEditor:Itmeansmatchingsoundandpicturesandthatisusuallydone

bymyassistant.Thefilmandthesoundtapehavenumbersstampedalong

theedgewhichhavetobematched.Thedetailsofthefilmandthesound

arealsorecordedinalogbook,soit，squickandeasytofindaparticular

takeanditssoundtrack.Thisoperationiscalledloggingandisagain

donebymyassistant.

Interviewer:Sowhatdoyouusuallydoyourself?

FilmEditor:Alotofthings,ofcourse.First,Ihavetoviewallthe

materialtomakeafirstselectionofthebesttakes.There'salotof

filmtolookthroughbecausetomakeasequenceworkthewayyouwant,

youneedalotofshotstochoosefrom.

Interviewer:Doesthatmeanthatyouhavetodiscardsequences?

FilmEditor:Ohyes.Onaverageforeveryfootofeditedfilm,youneed

twelvetimesasmuchuneditedfilmandthereforeyouhavetocompromise

and,ofcourse,discardsomeofit.

Interviewer:Whatdoyoudoafterselectingthematerial?

FilmEditor:Firstofall,Iprepareaninitialversionofthefilm,a

'roughcut，asitiscalled.ThatmeansthatIactuallycutthefilminto

piecesandstickthemtogetheragainintheneworder.

Interviewer:Andafterthis，roughcut'whathappens?

FilmEditor:Well,afterthe'roughcut，comesthe'finecut'whenthe

filmtakesitsfinalform.Theproducerandthedirectorcomeinfora

viewing.Somesmallchangesmaythenbenecessary,butwhenthe'finecut，

hasbeenapprovedbyeveryone,thisisthefinalversionofthefilm.

Interviewer:Atthispointisthefilmreadyfordistribution?

FilmEditor:Ohno.Afterthefinalversionofthefilmhasbeenapproved,

thereisthedubbing,therearevoices,music,backgroundnoisesand

sometimesspecialeffectstobeputtogetherforthesoundtrack.Andafter

thedubbing,theeditedfilmissenttothe'neg'cutters.

Interviewer:Whatdothe'neg'cuttersdo?

FilmEditor:Theycuttheoriginalnegativesonthefilms,sothatthese

matchtheeditedfilmexactly.Andafterallthatcomesthebestpart

—Icansitdownquietlywithmyfeetupandenjoywatchingthefilm!

Man:Hi.

Woman:Hi.

Man:What'dyoudolastnight?

Woman:IwatchedTV.TherewasareallygoodmoviecalledSoylentGreen.

Man:SoylentGreen?

Woman:Yeah.CharltonHestonwasinit.

Man:What'sitabout?

Woman:Oh,it，saboutlifeinNewYorkintheyear2022.

Man:IwonderifNewYorkwillstillbeherein2022.

Woman:Inthismovie,in2022

Man:Yeah?

Woman:...NewYorkhasfortymillionpeople.

Man:Ouch!

Woman:Andtwentymillionofthemareunemployed.

Man:HowmanypeopleliveinNewYorknow?Aboutsevenoreightmillion?

Woman:Yeah,Ithinkthat'sright.

Man:Mm-hmm.Youknow,ifit'shardenoughtofindanapartmentnowin

NewYorkCity,what，sitgoingtobelikein2022?

Woman:Well,inthismoviemostpeoplehavenoapartment.Sothousands

sleeponthestepsofbuildings.(Uh-huh.)Peoplewhodohaveaplaceto

livehavetocrawloversleepingpeopletogetinside.Andthereare

shortagesofeverything.Thesoilissopollutedthatnothingwillgrow.

(Ooo.)Andtheairissopollutedtheyneverseethesun.It'sreallyawful.

Man:IthinkI'mgoingtoavoidgoingtoNewYorkCityintheyear2022.

Woman:Andtherewasthisscenewherethestar,CharltonHeston,goesinto

ahousewheresomeveryrichpeoplelive.

Man:Uh-huh.

Woman:Hecan'tbelieveit,becausetheyhaverunningwaterandtheyhave

soap.

Man:Really?

Woman:Andthenhegoesintothekitchenandtheyhavetomatoesandlettuce

andbeef.Healmostcriesbecausehe'sneverseenrealfoodinhislife,

youknow,especiallythebeef.Itwasamazingforhim.

Man:Well,ifmostpeoplehavenorealfood,whatdotheyeat?

Woman:Theyeatsomethingcalledsoylent.

Man:Soylent?

Woman:Yeah.There，ssoylentredandsoylentyellowandsoylentgreen.

Thefirsttwoaremadeoutofsoybeans.Butthesoylentgreenismadeout

ofoceanplants.(Ugh.)Thepeopleeatitlikecrackers.That'sallthey

havetoeat.

Man:Thatsoundsdisgusting.

Woman:Well,youknow,itreallyisn，tthatfarfromreality.

Man:No?

Woman:Yeah.Because,youknowthegreenhouseeffectthat'sbeginningnow

andheatinguptheearth

Man:Oh,yeah,I'veheardaboutthat.

Woman:...becausewe'reputtingthepollutantsintheatmosphere,you

know?

Man:Mm-hmm.

Woman:Imean,inthismovieNewYorkhasninetydegreesweatherallyear

long.Anditcouldreallyhappen.Uh...likenow,we...wehavefuel

shortages.Andinthemoviethere，ssolittleelectricitythatpeoplehave

toridebicyclestomakeit.

Man:Youknowsomething?Idon，tthinkthatmovieisatrueprediction

ofthefuture.

Woman:Idon'tknow.Itscaresme.Ithinkitmightbe.

Man:Really?

Woman:Well,yeah.

ThenativeAmericans,thepeoplewecallthe'Indians，,hadbeeninAmerica

formanythousandsofyearsbeforeChristopherColumbusarrivedin1492.

ColumbusthoughthehadarrivedinIndia,sohecalledthenativepeople

'Indians，.

TheIndianswerekindtotheearlysettlers.Theywerenotafraidofthem

andtheywantedtohelpthem.Theyshowedthesettlersthenewworldaround

them;theytaughtthemaboutthelocalcropslikesweetpotatoes,corn

andpeanuts;theyintroducedtheEuropeanstochocolateandtotheturkey;

andtheEuropeansdidbusinesswiththeIndians.

Butsoonthesettlerswantedbiggerfarmsandmorelandforthemselves

andtheirfamilies.MoreandmoreimmigrantswerecomingfromEuropeand

allthesepeopleneededland.SotheEuropeansstartedtotaketheland

fromtheIndians.TheIndianshadtomovebackintothecentreofthe

continentbecausethesettlersweretakingalltheirland.

TheIndianscouldn，tunderstandthis.Theyhadaverydifferentideaof

landfromtheEuropeans.FortheIndians,theland,theearth,wastheir

mother.Everythingcamefromtheirmother,theland,andeverythingwent

backtoit.Thelandwasforeveryoneanditwasimpossibleforoneman

toownit.HowcouldtheWhiteMandividetheearthintoparts?Howcould

heputfencesroundit,buyitandsellit?

Naturally,whentheWhiteManstartedtakingalltheIndians，land,the

Indiansstartedfightingback.Theywantedtokeeptheirland,theywanted

tostoptheWhiteMantakingitallforhimself.ButtheWhiteManwas

strongerandcleverer.SlowlyhepushedtheIndiansintothosepartsof

thecontinentthathedidn，twant-thepartswhereitwastoocoldortoo

dryortoomountainoustolivecomfortably.

By1875theIndianshadlostthefight:theywerelivinginspecialplaces

called'reservations'.ButevenheretheWhiteMantooklandfromthem

一perhapshewantedthewood,orperhapsthelandhadimportantminerals

init,orheevenwantedtomakenationalparksthere.Soevenontheir

reservationstheIndianswerenotsafefromtheWhiteMan.

TherearemanyHollywoodfilmsaboutthefightbetweentheIndiansand

theWhiteMan.