第一部分歷年真題2016年全國職稱英語等級(jí)考試?yán)砉ゎ怋級(jí)真題及詳解第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1~15題，每題1分，共15分）下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)最接近的選項(xiàng)。第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16~22題，每題1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。TheTheoryofEverythingIfStephenHawkinglivesuntiltheyear2017,hewillhavelivedmorethan50yearslongerthanhisdoctorsexpected.Whenhewasacollegestudent,doctorsdiscoveredthathehadararedisease.Thisdiseasecausesagradualdisintegration(分解)ofthenervecellsinthebraincellsthatregulatevoluntarymuscleactivity.Deathalmostalwaysoccurswithintwoorthreeyears.TodayStephenHawkingcannotwalkorspeak.Hecannotmovehisarmsorhishead.Hecannottasteorsmellanything.AndyetthismanisProfessorofMathematicsatCambridgeUniversity,apositionheldbythefamousscientistIsaacNewtonin1669.HawkingisoftendescribedasthegreatestscientistsinceAlbertEinstein,buttotheworldoutsidescience,heisalsoknownasthemanwhomadescientifictheoryunderstandable.Hisbook,ABriefHistoryofTime,hassoldovereightmillioncopies.Hesaysthatsincehedoesnothavetothinkabouthisbodyordoanyofthethingsothermenhavetoworryabout,suchaswashingthecarorworkingintheyard,hecandedicateallofhistimetothinking.Thisputshimintheperfectpositiontofindtheanswertothequestionthathehasdedicatedhislifeto.Hisquestionis:Isthereacompletetheoryoftheuniverseandeverythinginit?Despitehistremendousphysicaldisabilities,hehasalreadymadesomeveryimportantdiscoveriesabouttheoriginoftheuniverse,howtheuniverseholdstogether,andhowitwillprobablyend.Hehasalsobeenabletoexplainthesecretsof“blackholes”inspace.Nowheislookingforasetofrulesthateverythinginouruniversemustobey.HecallsittheTheoryofEverything.Hethinksthatsomeonewillhavefoundtheanswerwithinthenext20years.IfStephenHawkingisabletofindhisTheoryofEverything,hewillhavegiventheworldtheopportunitytounderstandthingsthatwillchangethewholenatureofscienceandprobablyalsothewaywelive.16.StephenHawkingwillbe50yearsoldby2017.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned17.StephenHawkingsuffersfromararebraindisease.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned18.StephenHawkingisProfessorofMathematicsatCambridgeUniversity.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned19.ABriefHistoryofTimeisverydifficultforstudentstounderstand.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned20.StephenHawkinghasmuchtimetothinkbecausehedoesn’thavetowork.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned21.StephenHawkinghasspentaroundtenyearsexplainingthesecretsof“blackholes”.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned22.TheTheoryofEverythingisabouttherulesthateverythingintheuniversefollows.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned【答案與解析】16.B 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞50years和2017可定位至文章第一段第一句。點(diǎn)睛：原文第一段第一句明確提到“hewillhavelivedmorethan50yearslongerthanhisdoctorsexpected”（他將比醫(yī)生預(yù)測(cè)的時(shí)間多活了50年）。由此可知，霍金并不是在2017年才50歲，因此本題說法是錯(cuò)誤的。故選B項(xiàng)。17.A 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞raredisease可定位至文章第一段第二、三句。點(diǎn)睛：原文第一段第三句明確提到“Thisdiseasecausesagradualdisintegration(分解)ofthenervecellsinthebraincellsthatregulatevoluntarymuscleactivity.”（該疾病導(dǎo)致調(diào)節(jié)肌肉自主活動(dòng)的腦細(xì)胞內(nèi)部的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞逐漸分解）。由此可知本題說法是正確的，故本題選A。18.A 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“ProfessorofMathematicsatCambridgeUniversity”可定位至文章第二段最后一句。點(diǎn)睛：原文第二段最后一句明確提到“thismanisProfessorofMathematicsatCambridgeUniversity”（他是劍橋大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教授）。由此可知本題說法是正確的，故本題選A。19.B 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“ABriefHistoryofTime”可定位至文章第三段。點(diǎn)睛：原文第三段明確提到“heisalsoknownasthemanwhomadescientifictheoryunderstandable.Hisbook,ABriefHistoryofTime,hassoldovereightmillioncopies.”（他因?yàn)槟軐⒖茖W(xué)理論闡述的通俗易懂而為人們所知。他的書，《時(shí)間簡史》已售出超過八百萬復(fù)印本）。因此本題說法是錯(cuò)誤的。故選B項(xiàng)。20.A 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞think和work可定位至文章第四段第一句。點(diǎn)睛：原文第四段第一句明確提到“hedoesnothavetothinkabouthisbodyordoanyofthethingsothermenhavetoworryabout,suchaswashingthecarorworkingintheyard,hecandedicateallofhistimetothinking.”（他不用考慮自己的身體或者像其他人一樣做任何需要擔(dān)憂的事，如洗車或者在院子里勞動(dòng)，他可以將所有的時(shí)間都花在思考上）。由此可知本題說法是正確的，故本題選A。21.C 點(diǎn)睛：文中并未提到他花了十年時(shí)間解釋“黑洞”理論，故選C項(xiàng)。22.A 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“TheTheoryofEverything”可定位至文章第五段第三四句。點(diǎn)睛：原文第五段第三四句明確提到“heislookingforasetofrulesthateverythinginouruniversemustobey.HecallsittheTheoryofEverything.”（他正在尋找一套宇宙上所有事物都必須遵循的規(guī)則，他稱之為萬物理論）。由此可知本題說法是正確的，故本題選A。第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第23~30題，每題1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（1）第23~26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第1~4段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題：（2）第27~30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。Geothermal(地?zé)?Energy1.Sinceheatnaturallymovesfromhotterregionstocoolerones,theheatfromtheearth’scenterflowsoutwardstowardsthesurface.Inthisway,ittransferstothenextlayerofrock.Ifthetemperatureishighenough,someofthisrockmeltsandformsmagma(巖漿).Themagmaascendsinitsturntowardstheearth’ssurface.Itoftenremainswellbelowtheearth’ssurface,creatingvastareasofhotrock.Insuchregions,therearedeepcracks,whichallowrainwatertodescendunderground.Someoftheheatedrainwatertravelsbackuptotheearth’ssurfacewhereitwillappearasahotspring.However,ifthisascendinghotwaterreachesalayerofimpermeable(不可滲透的)rock,itremainstrapped,formingageothermalreservoir.Ifgeothermalreservoirsarecloseenoughtothesurface,theycanbereachedbydrillingwells.Hotwaterandsteamshootupthewellsnaturally,andcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityingeothermalpowerplants.2.Afewgeothermalpowerplantsdependondry-steamreservoirswhichproducesteambutlittleornowater.Inthesecases,thesteamispipedupdirectlytoprovidethepowertospinaturbinegenerator.Thefirstgeothermalpowerplant,constructedatLardarelloinItaly,wasofthistype,andisstillproducingelectricitytoday.3.Mostcurrentlyoperatinggeothermalpowerplantsareeither“flash”steamplantsorbinary(雙重的)plants.Flashplantsproducemainlyhotwaterrangingintemperaturefrom300°to700°Fahrenheit.Thiswaterispassedthroughoneortwoseparatorswherereleasedfromthepressureoftheundergroundreservoir,it“flashes”orboilsintosteam.Again,theforceofthissteamprovidestheenergytospintheturbineandproduceelectricity.Thegeothermalwaterandsteamarethenreinjecteddirectlybackdownintotheearthtomaintainthevolumeandpressureofthereservoir.Graduallytheywillbereheatedandcanthenbeusedagain.4.Areservoirwithtemperaturesbelow300°Fahrenheitisnothotenoughtoflashsteambutitcanstillbeusedtogenerateelectricityinabinaryfluid.Thesteamfromthisisusedtopowertheturbines.Asintheflashsteamplant,thegeothermalwaterisrecycledbackintothereservoir.23.Paragraph1_____.24.Paragraph2_____.25.Paragraph3_____.26.Paragraph4_____.27.Ageothermalreservoirisformedwhenhotwateristrappedunder_____.28.Adry-steamreservoirproducessteamwith_____.29.Flashplantsproducehotwaterthrough_____.30.Inabinaryplant,theheatofthegeothermalwatercanbeconvertedinto_____.【答案與解析】23.C 本段主要介紹地?zé)崮艿漠a(chǎn)生過程，是由雨水流到地下，遇地?zé)嶙兂蔁崴疅o法噴出而形成的。C項(xiàng)“地?zé)崮艿钠鹪础迸c本段意思相符，故選C項(xiàng)。24.A 本段主要介紹利用干蒸汽發(fā)電的工廠。A項(xiàng)“干蒸汽發(fā)電廠”與本段意思相符，故選A項(xiàng)。25.E 本段主要介紹注水蒸汽發(fā)電站，現(xiàn)今最常見的就是注水發(fā)電和雙循環(huán)發(fā)電。E項(xiàng)“注水蒸汽發(fā)電站”與本段意思相符，故選E項(xiàng)。26.B 本段主要介紹低于300華氏度的水庫如何通過雙循環(huán)發(fā)電站來發(fā)電。B項(xiàng)“雙循環(huán)發(fā)電站”能很好地概括本段內(nèi)容，故選B項(xiàng)。27.B 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞trapped可定位至第一段倒數(shù)第三句。點(diǎn)睛：文章第一段倒數(shù)第三句提到，如果向上的熱水碰到不可滲透的巖石，就會(huì)被困住，形成地?zé)崴畮?。B項(xiàng)impermeablerock“不可滲透的巖石”與該句意思相符，故選B項(xiàng)。28.E 定位：根據(jù)題干定位至第二段第一句。點(diǎn)睛：文章第二段第一句提到，干蒸汽水庫產(chǎn)生的水量很少甚至沒有。E項(xiàng)littleornowater“很少或沒有水”與該句意思相符，故選E項(xiàng)。29.C 定位：根據(jù)題干定位至第三段第三句。點(diǎn)睛：文章第三段第三句提到，產(chǎn)生的水會(huì)通過一到兩個(gè)分離器。C項(xiàng)oneortwoseparators“一到兩個(gè)分離器”與該句意思相符，故選C項(xiàng)。30.A 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞binary可定位至第四段第一二句話。點(diǎn)睛：文章第四段第一句提到，溫度不夠的水可以用在雙循環(huán)液體中，第二句話提到，這樣產(chǎn)生的蒸汽可以推動(dòng)渦輪。A項(xiàng)theenergytoturnaturbine“推動(dòng)渦輪的能量”與該句意思相符，故選A項(xiàng)。第4部分：閱讀理解（第31~45題，每題3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。第一篇 SmartWindowsWindowsnotonlyletlightintocutdownanelectricityuseforlighting,butthelightcomingthroughthewindowalsoprovidesheat.However,windowsarenotsomethingpeopletypicallyassociatewithbeingacuttingedgetechnology.Researchersarenowworkingonnewtechnologiesthatenableawindowtoquicklychangefromcleartodarkandanywhereinbetweeneasily.“Ittookusalongtimetofigureoutwhatawindowreallyis,”saysClaesGranqvist.He’saprofessorofsolid-statephysicsatUppsalaUniversityinSweden.“It’scontactwiththeoutsideworld.Youhavetohavevisualcontactwiththesurroundingworldtofeelwell.”So,windowsandnaturallightareimportantforimprovingthewaypeoplefeelwhenthey’restuckindoors.Yet,windowsaretheweaklinkinabuildingwhenitcomestoenergyandtemperaturecontrol.Inthewinter,coldairleaksin.Whenit’shotandsunny,sunlightstreamsin.Allofthissunlightcarrieslotsofheatandenergy.Andallofthisextraheatforcespeopletoturnontheirairconditioners.Producingcoldair,whichcanfeelsorefreshing(使人清新的),actuallysuckupenormousamountsofelectricityinbuildingsaroundtheworld.Windowshavebeenamajorfocusofenergyresearchforalongtime.Overtheyears,scientistshavecomeupwithavarietyofstrategiesforcoating,glazing(用玻璃覆蓋),andlayeringwindowstomakethemmoreenergyefficient.Smartwindowsgoastepfurther.Theyusesomechromogenic(發(fā)色的)technologieswhichinvolvechangesofcolor.Electrochromic(電致色的)windowsuseelectricitytochangecolor.Forexample,asheetofglasscoatedwiththinlayersoftungstenoxide(氧化鎢)worksabitlikeabattery.Tungstenoxideisclearwhenanelectricchargeisappliedanddarkwhenthechargeisremoved,thatis,whentheamountofvoltage(電壓)isdecreased,thewindowdarkensuntilit’scompletelydarkafterallelectricityistakenaway.Soapplyingavoltagedetermineswhetherthewindowlooksclearordark.Oneimportantfeaturethatmakesasmartwindowsosmartisthatithasasortof“memory”.Allittakesisasmallshockofvoltagetoturnthewindowfromonestatetotheother.Then,itstaysthatway.Transitionstakefrom10secondstoafewminutes,dependingonthesizeofthewindow.Thedevelopmentofsmartwindowscouldmeanthatmassiveairconditioningsystemsmaynolongerbeneeded.“Inthefuture,”Granqvistsays,“ourbuildingsmaylookdifferent.”31.WhichofthefollowingvaluesofwindowsisNOTmentioned?A.Theyletlightintobrightenthehouse.B.Theyletlightintoheatthehouse.C.Theyletushavevisualcontactwiththesurroundingworld.D.Theyletusthinkabouttheoutsideworld.32.Theexpression“whenitcomesto”inParagraph3isusedto_____.A.signalthearrivalofaguestB.indicatetherecoveryofconsciousnessC.showourunderstandingofsomethingD.introduceanewaspectofatopic33.AccordingtoParagraph4,smartwindowsarethewindowsthat_____.A.arecoatedB.areglazedC.haveseverallayersD.canchangecolor34.Whichparagraphgivesanaccountofthewayelectrochromicwindowschanging?A.Paragraph5.B.Paragraph3.C.Paragraph4.D.Paragraph6.35.Asmartwindowsissmartmainlybecause_____.A.itcanchangeitssizeB.itcanchangeitsstructureC.itcanchangethevoltageofelectricityD.ithasasortofmemory【答案與解析】31.D 點(diǎn)睛：文章第一段第一句話提到窗戶可以讓光線進(jìn)來，照亮房間，并提供熱量，由此可知A、B項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)第二段第三、四句“It’scontactwiththeoutsideworld.Youhavetohavevisualcontactwiththesurroundingworldtofeelwell.”可知，C項(xiàng)正確，故只有D項(xiàng)文中未提及。32.D 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“whenitcomesto”可定位至第三段第一句。點(diǎn)睛：文章前兩段介紹的是窗戶的三個(gè)作用。第三段開頭Yet表示轉(zhuǎn)折，開始介紹窗戶在能量和溫度控制方面的作用，所以whenitcomesto用來引入該話題的另一方面，故答案為D項(xiàng)。33.D 定位：根據(jù)題干可定位至第四段。點(diǎn)睛：根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句“Theyusesomechromogenic(發(fā)色的)technologiesinvolvingchangesofcolor”可知，智能窗戶可以改變顏色，故D項(xiàng)正確。避錯(cuò)：選項(xiàng)A、B在該段第二句可以找到，但這并不是智能窗戶的特點(diǎn)。C項(xiàng)該段并未提及，故排除。34.A 定位：根據(jù)“electrochromicwindowschanging”可定位至第五段。點(diǎn)睛：第五段第一句話提到“Electrochromic(電致色的)windowsuseelectricitytochangecolor.”，接著對(duì)其進(jìn)行舉例說明，解釋如何電致色窗戶如何改變顏色，故答案為A項(xiàng)。35.D 定位：根據(jù)題干可定位至第六段。點(diǎn)睛：根據(jù)該段第一句“Oneimportantfeaturethatmakesasmartwindowsosmartisthatithasasortof“memory””可知，使得智能窗戶智能的一個(gè)重要特點(diǎn)是它擁有“記憶”，故答案為D項(xiàng)。避錯(cuò)：A、B、C項(xiàng)文中均未提及。第二篇 SportsStarYaoMingIfYaoMingisnotthebiggestsportsstarintheworld,heisalmostcertainlythetallest.At2.26m,heisthetallestplayerintheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)andholdstherecordasthemosttoweringOlympianevertocompeteintheGames.Butwhatreallystandsoutaboutthegiantcenterishiscelebrity(名氣).Few,ifany,Chineseathletesareaswell-knownasYaoaroundtheworld.PeopleacrosstheglobearefascinatedwithYao,notonlyforhisbasketballprowess(杰出的才能)alsoforbeingasymbolofinternationalcommerce.WhenYaojoinedtheHoustonRocketsastheNo.1pickinthe2002NBAdraft(選拔),hewasthefirstinternationalplayerevertobeselectedfirst.Hisassetsonthecourtareclearenough—noNBAplayerofhissizehaseverpossessedhismobility,soheisahandful(難對(duì)付的人)foropponentsoneitherendofthecourt.ButwhatmakesYaoinvaluabletotheRocketsorganizationishisroleasaglobalcitizenandasabridgetomillionsofpotentialbasketballfansinChina.WhenitwasannouncedinFebruarythatYaowouldmisstherestoftheNBAseasonandpossiblytheOlympicswithastressfracture(骨折)inhisleftfoot,acollectiveshudder(震動(dòng))spreadacrossChina.Afterconsiderabledebateanddiscussion,Yaooptedtogethisfootsurgicallytreatedinanoperationthatplacedseveraltinyscrewsacrossthebone,toofferhisoverburdenedfootmoresupport.Thesurgerywasasuccess,andthoughtheestimatedfour-monthrecoveryperiodwillleavehimlittletimetopreparewithTeamChina,YaohasvowedtobereadyfortheBeijingOlympics.Yaowrappedupa10-daytriptoChina,whereheunderwentaseriesoftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)treatments,hopingtoacceleratehisrecoveryprocess.WesternexpertsaregenerallyskepticalofTCM’sbenefitsalthoughnewresearchfromtheUniversityofRochestersuggeststhatacertaincompoundderivedfromshellfishmayindeedstimulatebonerepair.“ThereisnoreasontodismissTCM,”YaotoldapressconferenceinBeijing.“It’sbeenusedinourcountryforthousandsofyears.Idon’tthinkthatit’sshortonscience.”36.Theword“towering”inParagraph1means_____.A.largeB.fatC.tallD.great37.OpponentsfinditverydifficulttocontrolYaoMingbecauseofhis_____.A.mobilityB.assaultC.defenseD.celebrity38.YaoMinghadtoundergoaseriesofTCMtreatmentsbecause_____.A.hisrightfoothadbeenhurtingB.hewantedtomakeamorerapidrecoveryC.thesurgicaloperationhadbeenafailureD.hecouldn’taffordallthemedicalexpenses39.WhichstatementaboutYaoMingisNOTtrue?A.HemissedtheAthensOlympics.B.HeisanNBAplayer.C.Hefracturedhisleftfoot.D.Heisaninternationalfigure.40.Ingeneral,theWesternexperts’attitudetowardsTCMis_____.A.indifferentB.positiveC.negativeD.doubtful【答案與解析】36.C 點(diǎn)睛：文章第一段第一句提到了姚明是最高的。因此第二句中“towering”應(yīng)該繼續(xù)指姚明在身高方面的記錄，因此本題選C項(xiàng)。towering聳立的；高大的。37.A 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞opponents和difficulttocontrol定位到第三段第二句。點(diǎn)睛：根據(jù)第三段第二句中的“noNBAplayerofhissizehaseverpossessedhismobility”，可知，由于姚明身材高大且移動(dòng)迅速，他很難對(duì)付。因此本題選A項(xiàng)。避錯(cuò)：文章第二段提到了姚明的名氣，但是這并不是他很難對(duì)付的原因，因此D項(xiàng)不符合題意。B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)文中沒有提及，因此排除。38.B 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞aseriesofTCMtreatment定位到最后兩段。點(diǎn)睛：根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句中的“hopingtoacceleratehisrecoveryprocess”可知，姚明之所以接受中醫(yī)藥治療是為了快速恢復(fù)，因此本題選B項(xiàng)。避錯(cuò)：文章第四段只提到了他的左腳受傷，并且提到了手術(shù)成功了，因此A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)明顯錯(cuò)誤。D項(xiàng)文中沒有提及，因此排除。39.A 點(diǎn)睛：文章第一段第二句就介紹了姚明是NBA中最高的一名球員，因此B項(xiàng)表述正確。根據(jù)文章第二段可知，姚明名氣大，是國際商務(wù)的一個(gè)象征，因此D項(xiàng)與原文表述相符。文章第四段第一句提到了姚明左腳骨折，因此C項(xiàng)表述正確。第四段只提到姚明有可能錯(cuò)過奧運(yùn)會(huì)，并且根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，這里指的是北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)，因此A項(xiàng)表述明顯錯(cuò)誤。因此本題選A項(xiàng)。40.D 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞westernexperts’attitude和TCM定位到最后兩段。點(diǎn)睛：根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知，“WesternexpertsaregenerallyskepticalofTCM’sbenefits”，skeptical意思為“懷疑的”，因此本題選D項(xiàng)。第三篇 CanYouHearThis?Whensomethingcreatesasoundwaveinaroomoranauditorium,listenershearthesoundwavedirectlyfromthesource.Theyalsohearthereflectionsasthesoundbouncesoffthewalls,floor,andceiling.Thesearecalledthereflectedwaveorreverberant(反射的)sound,whichcanbeheardevenafterthesoundisnolongercomingfromthesource.Thereverberationtimeofanauditoriumisdeterminedbythevolumeorinteriorsizeoftheauditorium.Itisalsodeterminedbyhowwellorhowpoorlythewalls,ceiling,floor,andcontentsoftheroom(includingthepeople)absorbsound.Thereisnoidealreverberationtime,becauseeachuseofanauditoriumcallsfordifferentreverberation.Speechneedstobeunderstoodclearly;thereforeroomsusedfortalkingmusthaveashortreverberationtime.Thefull-soundperformanceofmusicsuchasWagneroperasorMahlersymphoniesshouldhavealongreverberationtime.Thelight,rapidmusicalpassagesofBachorMozartneedareverberationtimesomewherebetween.Acousticproblemsoftenarecausedbypoorauditoriumdesign.Smooth,curvedreflectingsurfacescreatelargereflections.Parallel(平行的)wallsreflectsoundbackandforth,creatingarapid,repetitivepulsingeffect.Largepillars(柱)andcornerscancauseacousticshadowsasthesoundwavestrytopassaroundtheobject.Someoftheseproblemscanbesolvedbyusingabsorbersandreflectorstochangethereverberationtimeofaroom.Forexample,hanginglargereflectors,calledclouds,overtheperformerswillallowsomesoundfrequenciestoreflectandotherstopasstoachieveapleasingmixtureofsound.41.Thispassageismainlyabout_____.A.soundwavesandtheireffectsB.thetypesofmusicorchestrasplayC.wallsofanauditoriumD.thedesignofanauditorium42.WagneroperasandMahlersymphonieswithfull-soundeffecthave_____.A.ashortreverberationtimeB.anintermediatereverberationtimeC.noreverberationtimeD.alongreverberationtime43.Thispassagesuggeststhatagoodauditoriumshould_____.A.getridofallreflectionsB.nothaveabsorbersC.achieveapleasingmixtureofsoundD.havesmoothsurfaces44.Largepillarsandcornersmay_____.A.makesoundrichandfullB.becuresforsoundproblemsC.besourcesofsoundproblemsD.functionaseffectivelyasclouds45.Theword“acoustic”inthelastparagraphhassomethingtodowith_____.A.performanceB.soundC.audienceD.weather【答案與解析】41.D 點(diǎn)睛：文章第一段講的是混響聲，接下來提到禮堂中不同活動(dòng)對(duì)混響聲的要求，最后一段講的是禮堂的設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)于混響聲的影響以及解決措施，綜上可知，文章主要是關(guān)于禮堂如何設(shè)計(jì)以達(dá)到好的混響聲效果，故答案為D項(xiàng)。避錯(cuò)：其余選項(xiàng)均過于片面，偏離文章主題，故排除。42.D 定位：根據(jù)題干可定位至文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句。點(diǎn)睛：根據(jù)文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Thefull-soundperformanceofmusicsuchasWagneroperasorMahlersymphoniesshouldhavealongreverberationtime.”可知，它們都需要較長的混響時(shí)間，故答案為D項(xiàng)。43.C 點(diǎn)睛：根據(jù)原文第三段可知，禮堂設(shè)計(jì)不好會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種聲音的問題，并在最后一句中舉例“hanginglargereflectors…toachieveapleasingmixtureofsound.”因此好的禮堂能夠形成令人愉悅的聲音混合，故答案為C項(xiàng)。避錯(cuò)：A、B、C項(xiàng)表述均與原文相反，故排除。44.C 定位：根據(jù)題干定位至最后一段第四句。點(diǎn)睛：最后一段前幾句都是舉例說明禮堂中一些不好的設(shè)計(jì)，其中第四句中提到“Largepillars(柱)andcornerscancauseacousticshadowsasthesoundwavestrytopassaroundtheobject.”，因此大的柱子和角落會(huì)形成聲波死角，對(duì)聲音效果產(chǎn)生影響，故答案為C項(xiàng)。避錯(cuò)：其余三項(xiàng)都提到它會(huì)產(chǎn)生積極影響，與原文不符，故排除。45.B 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“acoustic”定位至最后一段。點(diǎn)睛：該段提到的是不好的禮堂設(shè)計(jì)會(huì)影響其內(nèi)部的混響，因此會(huì)產(chǎn)生聲音問題，所以這里涉及的聲音的問題，acoustic“聲學(xué)的”，故答案為B項(xiàng)。第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第46~50題，每題2分，共10分）下面的短文有五處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。WhatIsaDream?Forcenturies,peoplehavewonderedaboutthestrangethingsthattheydreamabout.Somepsychologistssaythatthisnighttimeactivityofthemindhasnospecialmeaning.Others,however,thinkthatdreamsareanimportantpartofourlives.Infact,manyexpertsbelievethatdreamscantellusaboutaperson’smindandemotions.Beforemoderntimes,manypeoplethoughtthatdreamscontainedmessagesfromGod.46  TheAustrianpsychologist,SigmundFreud,wasprobablythefirstpersontostudydreamsscientifically.Inhisfamousbook,TheInterpretationofDreams(1900),Freudwrotethatdreamsareanexpressionofaperson’swishes.Hebelievedthatdreamsallowpeopletoexpressthefeelings,thoughts,andfearsthattheyareafraidtoexpressinreallife.TheSwisspsychiatristCarlJungwasonceastudentofFreud’s.Jung,however,hadadifferentideaaboutdreams.Jungbelievedthatthepurposeofadreamwastocommunicateamessagetothedreamer.47  Forexample,peoplewhodreamaboutfallingmaylearnthattheyhavetoohighanopinionofthemselves.Ontheotherhand,peoplewhodreamaboutbeingheroesmaylearnthattheythinktoolittleofthemselves.Modern-daypsychologistscontinuetodeveloptheoriesaboutdreams.Forexample,psychologistWilliamDomhofffromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,believesthatdreamsaretightlylinkedtoaperson’sdailylife,thoughts,andbehavior.48  Domhoffbelievesthatthereisaconnectionbetweendreamsandage.Hisresearchshowsthatchildrendonotdreamasmuchasadults.AccordingtoDomhoff,dreamingisamentalskillthatneedstimetodevelop.Hehasalsofoundalinkbetweendreamsandgender.Hisstudiesshowthatthedreamsofmenandwomenaredifferent.49  Thisisnottrueofwomen’sdreams.Domhofffoundthisgenderdifferenceinthedreamsofpeoplefrom11culturesaroundtheworld,includingbothmodernandtraditionalones.Candreamshelpusunderstandourselves?Psychologistscontinuetotrytoanswerthisquestionindifferentways.50  Thedreammayhavemeaning,butitdoesnotmeanthatsometerribleeventwillactuallytakeplace.It’simportanttorememberthattheworldofdreamsisnottherealworld.A.Forexample,thepeopleinmen’sdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.B.Menandwomendreamaboutdifferentthings.C.Acriminal,forexample,mightdreamaboutcrime.D.However,onethingtheyagreeonis:Ifyoudreamthatsomethingterribleisgoingtooccur,youshouldn’tpanic.E.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.F.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.【答案與解析】46.E 空格前一句講到在現(xiàn)代時(shí)期以前，很多人認(rèn)為夢(mèng)包含著來自上帝的旨意，而下一段開始講弗洛伊德是科學(xué)研究夢(mèng)的第一人，E項(xiàng)起到承上啟下的作用，其中inascientificway與下文中scientifically相呼應(yīng)。47.F 該段中提到Jung認(rèn)為夢(mèng)是為了告訴做夢(mèng)者一些信息，之后又舉例說明夢(mèng)見跌倒的人說明他們太自負(fù)，而做夢(mèng)成為英雄的人則太低估自己。因此可以通過做夢(mèng)來了解自己，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)與之意思相近，故為正確答案。48.C 心理學(xué)家WilliamDomhoff認(rèn)為夢(mèng)與一個(gè)人的日常生活、想法和行為密切相關(guān)。C項(xiàng)是對(duì)這一理論進(jìn)行舉例說明，罪犯可能會(huì)夢(mèng)到從事犯罪活動(dòng)。故C項(xiàng)放在此處恰當(dāng)。49.A 空格前提到他的研究表明男人和女人的夢(mèng)不相同，而空格后則講“Thisisnottrueofwomen’sdreams”，由此可知空格處講的是關(guān)于男人的夢(mèng)境，故應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。50.D 空格后面提到夢(mèng)可能會(huì)有意義，但它并不意味著不好的事情真的要發(fā)生。D項(xiàng)中講到，如果你夢(mèng)到可怕的事情，不要驚慌。與后面的句子連接緊密，語義相承接，故應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。第6部分：完形填空（第51~65題，每題1分，共15分）下面的短文有15處空白，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。WarmerClimateWillBakeTropicalBugsGlobalwarmingcouldcooktropicalinsects,withunpredictableknock-oneffects,sayresearcherswhowarnthatrisingtemperaturesalso51  tropicalfrogsandlizards(蜥蜴).Temperaturesare52  toincreasemuchfasterintemperate(溫和的)andpolar(極地的)regionsthaninthetropics.Butno-onehadlookedathowwarmingwouldaffectinsectsandothercold-bloodedanimals53  hadevolvedintropicalregionswithlittletemperaturevariation.CurtisDeutschattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngelesandcolleaguesanalyseddata54  insectsurvivalandreproductionfor38speciesindifferentecosystems(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)),andthenestimatedhowthesevalueswould55  withpredictionsofclimatechangeforthe21stcentury.Theteamfoundthatthereproductive56  oftropicalinsectstendstopeakveryclosetothetemperatureswheretheynormallylive,but57  sharplyathighertemperatures.Thismeansthatcrankingup(提高)theheatonlyasmallamountcanexertaheavytoll,leavinginsectsunabletoreproduce58  enoughtokeepuptheirnumbers.Temperateinsectsreproducewelloverabroaderrange,anddonotliveas59  totheirthermal(熱的)limit,sotheycanreproducesuccessfullywhentheirclimatewarmsmorethaninthetropics.“Tropicalinsectsdoverywellinanarrowbandoftemperatures,butmovethemabovethat60  andtheydie,”saysteammemberJoshTewksburyoftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.Theheartofthe61  istemperaturetolerance.Temperate-zoneinsectshaveevolvedtosurvivethemuchbroadertemperaturesw