閱讀理解能力提高技巧Guessingmeanings猜測(cè)詞義高三英語(yǔ)組閱讀理解能力提高技巧Guessingmeanings猜測(cè)1（2014湖南卷閱讀B）Inthemid-1950s,Iwasasomewhatboredearly-adolescentmalestudentwhobelievedthatdoinganymorethannecessarywaswastedeffort.Oneday,thisapproachthrewmeintoembarrassment.InMrs.Totten’seighth-grademathclassatCentralAvenueSchoolinAnderson,Indiana,wewerelearningtoaddandsubtractdecimals(小數(shù)).61. WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph1indicate?A.Itiswisetovalueone’stime.B.ItisimportanttomakeaneffortC.Itisrighttosticktoone’sbelief.DItisenoughtodothenecessary.

Lead-in(導(dǎo)入)Lead-in(導(dǎo)入)2（2015全國(guó)卷閱讀C）Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作）withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid,Spain,andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg,Florida.31.Whatdoestheword“contributions”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Artworks.BProjectsC.DonationsD.Documents（2015全國(guó)卷閱讀C）3

詞義猜測(cè)題常用的提問(wèn)方式有：1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_______.2.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean______.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…”means______.......詞義猜測(cè)題常用的提問(wèn)方式有：4Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.1._______________：一般通過(guò)_____________________________來(lái)確定詞義。

(adj.

易碎的,脆的)Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.

(n.

牧羊人)Definition定義法定義、定語(yǔ)（從句）或同位語(yǔ)（從句）Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.(n.蚊子)Itwillbeveryhard5特別注意下列信號(hào)詞：●be,becalled,means,bedefinedas,thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,-----(破折號(hào))等.特別注意下列信號(hào)詞：6Ex.1

◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.

◎Theyarevertebrates,thatis,animalshavebackbones.

木匠動(dòng)物學(xué)家脊椎動(dòng)物Ex.1木匠動(dòng)物學(xué)家脊椎動(dòng)物7“Gettingthecoldshoulder”meansthatsomeoneisactuallyinawaythatmakesyoufeelunwanted.Theverywordscreateapicture:Youcanimagineafriendturningawaysothat,insteadofawarmgreeting,youreceiveonlyhisshoulder–a“cold”shoulder.Theexpression“gettingthecoldshoulder”means____.beingtreatedrudelybypayingnoattentiontoyouB.greetingyoufriendlyC.greetingyoubyrubbingshoulderswithyouD.feedingyoucoldmeat“Gettingthecoldshoulder”me82.____________：利用文中的反義詞以及表對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞（組）猜測(cè)詞義。Contrast對(duì)比法◎Cyclingwasonceameansoftransportforthepoor.Butithasbecomeanimportantmarkerofanaffluentworldcity.65.Theunderlinedword“affluent”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________.AbeautifulB.famousC.bigD.wealthy2.____________：Contrast對(duì)比9表示對(duì)比的信號(hào)詞有yet,but,while,thoughhowever,otherwise,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,insteadof等。

表示對(duì)比的信號(hào)詞有yet,but,while,thoug101.ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.2.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.污穢的節(jié)約的Exercise21.ThoughTom’sfacehasbeen11

3.Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.4.Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.5.Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney,Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthetheft.混亂

無(wú)辜的天生的

混亂無(wú)辜的天生的126.Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.7.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quicklyA

(v.

不同意)6.Mostofusagreed,however,133.____________：利用______、___________或相似的結(jié)構(gòu)猜測(cè)詞義。Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormous

task.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.

巨大的;極大的)Similarity

相似法同義詞近義詞（詞組）3.____________：利用______、_____14當(dāng)被猜的詞前后有信號(hào)詞:or,like,as…as,thesameas等就可以通過(guò)同義詞、近義詞來(lái)確定詞義了。Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplump

asmother,andmuchshorter.代替圓胖的,當(dāng)被猜的詞前后有信號(hào)詞:or,like,as…as,154_________________：從____推測(cè)_____，從_____推測(cè)______。

Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.

Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.

(adj.

貧窮的,窮困的)

(adj.

大的).CauseEffect因果法原因原因結(jié)果結(jié)果4_________________：從____推測(cè)____16因果關(guān)系信號(hào)詞:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so…that,such…that,thusRubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.彈性的混濁的因果關(guān)系彈性的混濁的17Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoff

becausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.(04廣東高考題）65.Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”(inpara.3)meansthatthecolours_______attractedthecustomersstronglyhadweakeffectsonthecustomerstrickedthecustomersintoshoppingcausedthecustomerstoloseinterest

DWhensomekindofpaink185._____________：利用文中的舉例猜測(cè)詞義。常見的舉例的信號(hào)詞有forinstance,forexample,suchas:such,like,especially,include,consistof等1.Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.

電器用具)Example例舉法5._____________：利用文中的舉例猜測(cè)詞義。常19

2.

Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.3.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽裝置家禽裝置20supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronouce(非自然的)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(發(fā)錯(cuò)音)WordFormation構(gòu)詞法：6.___________________supermanmicrowa21英語(yǔ)單詞大多是由詞根、詞頭（前綴）和詞尾（后綴）所組成。詞根是單詞最基本的部分，表達(dá)單詞的基本含義。在詞根前或后加上前綴或后綴，可以用來(lái)引申或轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)~的意義。只要我們掌握了各種詞根、詞頭和詞尾的基本含義，那么就可以很容易猜測(cè)出由其構(gòu)成的新詞的含義了。英語(yǔ)單詞大多是由詞根、詞頭（前綴）和詞尾（后綴）所組成。詞根22中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中常見的前綴和后綴有：super-(超)mini-(極小的,微小的)micro-（極微小的）re-（再，反復(fù)）mis-（誤，惡）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，無(wú)）-wards(向)中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中常見的前綴和后綴有：23TodaythesportispopularinLatinAmerica,Asiaand,unfortunately,insomepartsoftheUnitedStates--eventhoughitisunlawfulinalmosteverystate.Whatdoestheword“unlawful”possiblymean?A.allowedbythelawB.inaccordancewiththelawC.againstthelawD.havingnothingtodowiththelawPrefix(前綴）usual—unusualhappy--unhappyTodaythesportispopularin241)HesoundedquitenervousandhehadbeentalkingforaminuteorsobeforeIunderstandanything.EventhenallIcouldmakeoutwasthatsomeonecalledMillyhadhadaverybadaccident.

A.seeclearlyB.understandC.expectB7.______________：利用____________來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。Context上下文語(yǔ)境及前后的提示1)Hesoundedquitenervousan252）Thechildrenarelookingatanape.A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatanapeatthezoo．A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairy

apeatthezoo．A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdAABC.AC(n.

猿)2）Thechildrenarelookingat268_______________________：根據(jù)_______________________來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。

在閱讀的過(guò)程中，如遇到生詞，有時(shí)可以根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，或運(yùn)用自己已有的常識(shí)將其推測(cè)出來(lái)。比如了解一些英美國(guó)家的天文地理、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、宗教信仰、政治結(jié)構(gòu)、社會(huì)制度等，可以幫助加深對(duì)文章的理解，遇到生詞時(shí)，猜測(cè)詞義的能力自然就會(huì)增強(qiáng)。

Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious(無(wú)意識(shí)的），becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.n.

麻醉劑(藥).Commonsense

普通常識(shí)普通常識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)8_______________________：在27

◎Becausethischemicalliquidishighlyvolatile,wemustkeepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid.◎Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.易揮發(fā)的顫抖易揮發(fā)的顫抖281.Definition定義法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast對(duì)比法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例舉法8.CommonSense普通常識(shí)6.WordFormation構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義7.Context上下文Summary1.Definition定義法3.Similarity29Inquiry-basedActivities(I)

探究活動(dòng)(1)Inquiry-basedActivities(I)30Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.?2.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.?3.Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.?4.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.?PracticeTheytraveledalongway,at311.同位法。同位語(yǔ)部分alargebuildinginoldtimes給出了castle的確切詞義，即“城堡”。Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.1.同位法。同位語(yǔ)部分alargebuildingin322.定義法。定語(yǔ)從句中wholooksaftersheep就表明herdsman的詞義為"牧人"。Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.Theherdsman,wholooksafter33

3.同位法。兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間的短語(yǔ)很清楚地表明nightshift是“夜班”的意思。Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.3.同位法。兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間的短語(yǔ)很清楚地表明nights344.對(duì)比法。but表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but前后的意思是相反的。后半句的意思是她今天“第一節(jié)上課遲到了"，因此反向推理，可得出她平時(shí)一向"準(zhǔn)時(shí)"的結(jié)論。Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedlateforherfirstclass.4.對(duì)比法。but表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but前后的意思是相反的。35小試身手Albert’ssuccessaftermucheffortandpracticeprovesthevalueofpersistence.A.timeB.competitionC.perseverance2.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.A.成功的B.徒勞的C.有效的D.匆促的3.ThoughMr.Smithhasbeenmanagerforjust3months,hehasalreadymademuchgreaterachievementsthanhispredecessors.A.上級(jí)B.前任C.同事D.下級(jí)祝功成你!小試身手Albert’ssuccessaftermuc364.Shedidn’thearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.

A.心不在焉的B.緊張的C.全神貫注的D.睡意濃的5.Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl.Buthersisterwasquitesedate.A.prettyB.quietC.protectiveD.energetic6.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.strongB.firmC.kindD.clever祝功成你!4.Shedidn’thearwhatyousa377.Theflowersinthevasewitheredbecausetheyhadnowater.A.becamesweeterB.becameredC.becamedry8.Justforfun,theydecidedtotryaverycircuitouscountryroadinsteadofthemoredirecthighway.A.directB.indirectC.straight9.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedlateforherfirstclass.?A.ontimeB.lateC.absent祝功成你!7.Theflowersinthevasewit38真題體驗(yàn)一、(14安徽卷D)Althoughwehavetorespectpeople’sfeelingsasfellowusersofthebuildings,Ibelievethatitisthedutyofthearchitectandplannertomovethingsforward.Ifwealwaysreproducedwhatwastherebefore,wewouldallstillbelivingincaves.Thus,Iwouldargueagainstcopyingpreviousarchitecturalstylesandchoosesomethingfreshanddifferent,eventhoughthatmightbethemoreriskychoice.70.By“movethingsforward”inthelastparagraph,theauthorprobablymeans“_____.”A.destroyoldbuildings B.putthingsinadifferentplaceC.choosenewarchitecturalstyles D.respectpeople’sfeelingsforhistoricalbuildings真題體驗(yàn)39二、（14福建卷A）Bynowparamedics（救援人員）hadarrived,andwereattendingtheinjuredwoman.Aswewalkeduptoher,mysonbecameintimidatedbyallthebloodandmedicalequipment.Hesaidhewasjusttooscaredtogouptoher.InsteadIgavetheflowertothewoman’shusbandandtoldhim,“Mysonwasveryupsetforyourwifeandwantedtogiveherthisflowertomakeherfeelbetter.”58.Theunderlinedword“intimidated”inthefourthparagraphprobablymeans“_______”.A.astonishedB.struckC.frightenedD.excited二、（14福建卷A）Bynowparamedics（救援40Inquiry-basedActivities(II)

探究活動(dòng)(2)Inquiry-basedActivities(II)41Passage1

TensofthousandsofbabypenguinsfacestarvationaftertwogianticebergsbrokeofftheAntarcticicesheetandblockedtheirparents’roadtothefeedingareas.AdelineandemperorpenguinsnestingontheRossislandrookeriesarenowforcedtowalklongdistancesovertheicebergstoobtainfoodfortheirchicks,bornduringtheNovember-Decemberbreedingseason.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obtain”probablymean?A.eatB.getC.sellD.buyBPassage1B42Passage2

Aman’spositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace”means_________inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shameDPassage2D43Passage3

Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(參議院)opposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler

shouldleavethecountryforever.

Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_______.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping

BPassage3B44Passage4

Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields.I