Unit1PeopleofAchievementDiscoverusefulstructuresunit1Teachingobjectives（學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)）復(fù)習(xí)定語從句的概念限制性定語從句和非限制性定語的區(qū)別非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞的用法定語從句：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句，其作用相當(dāng)于形容詞。先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞。HeisanEnglishteacher

who

likessingingsongs.定語從句先行詞關(guān)系代詞1.復(fù)習(xí)定語從句的概念定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞指人指物who(主語,賓語)whom(賓語)that(主語,賓語)whose(定語)as(主語,賓語,表語)which(主語,賓語)that(主語,賓語)whose(定語)as(主語,賓語,表語)where(地點(diǎn)狀語)when(時(shí)間狀語)why(原因狀語)ProfessorWanghasasonwhoworksinBeijing.翻譯：

功能/含義：

形式:2.ProfessorWanghasason,

whoworksinBeijing.

翻譯：功能/含義：

形式:王教授有個(gè)在北京工作的兒子。限制性,王教授不只有一個(gè)兒子，但只有這個(gè)兒子在北京工作。沒有逗號王教授有一個(gè)兒子，這個(gè)兒子在北京工作。

有逗號2.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語的區(qū)別補(bǔ)充說明，王教授只有一個(gè)兒子，補(bǔ)充說明兒子再北京工作。

限制性定語從句

非限制性定語從句

AspectRestrictiveRelativeClauseNon-restrictiveRelativeClause形式上主句和從句之間不用逗號隔開，口語中使用時(shí)也不停頓。與主句之間通常有逗號隔開，口語中使用時(shí)有停頓。功能上用于對先行詞的意義進(jìn)行修飾、限制和識別，如果去掉，就會(huì)造成句意不完整或概念不清。用于對先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。翻譯上翻譯在它所修飾的先行詞之前按句子順序，翻譯成兩個(gè)簡單句先行詞只能是名詞或代詞可以是名詞或代詞，也可以是句子關(guān)系詞做賓語可以省略不能使用that,why。歸納1：限制性和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別1.Thetown，

whereIliveisbeautiful.判斷正誤，如有錯(cuò)誤，請修改：Whenshouldweusenon-definingrelativeclauses?修改2：Jian,whereIliveisbeautiful.修改1：Thetown

whereIliveisbeautiful.×歸納2：①當(dāng)先行詞指的是世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物或?qū)Ｓ忻~時(shí)，使用非限制性定語從句。1.Theteacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.2.Mr.Wang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.態(tài)度和藹的老師們受學(xué)生的歡迎。王老師深受學(xué)生的歡迎，他態(tài)度和藹。Whenshouldweusenon-definingrelativeclauses?翻譯：2.ProfessorWanghasason,

whoworksinBeijing.

1.

ProfessorWanghasasonwhoworksinBeijing.王教授有一個(gè)兒子，在北京工作。

王教授有個(gè)在北京工作的兒子。Whenshouldweusenon-definingrelativeclauses?②先行詞是唯一親屬,使用非限制性定語從句。2.Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore,whichwasnottrue.Whenshouldweusenon-definingrelativeclauses?TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrize,whichisconsideredoneofthehighestinternationalhonoursapersoncanreceive.對比關(guān)系詞指代什么：athingasentence③當(dāng)先行詞指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容時(shí)，使用非限制性定語從句Whenshouldweusenon-definingrelativeclauses?1.Ihavethreeforeignteachers,twoofwhomarefromCanada.④most/each/few/some/any/none/both/all/neither/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/數(shù)字+of+which/whom時(shí).2.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.指人指物在非限制性定語從句中的作用whowhomwhichasWhose=ofwhich/whom√主語 √賓語(不可省略)指代整個(gè)主句√主語 賓語(不可省略)√√定語3.非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞的用法歸納3：①that不可用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句②關(guān)系代詞who在非限制性定語從句中只能做主語，不能替代whom做賓語。1.關(guān)系代詞------非限制性定語從句主語、賓語、表語2.關(guān)系副詞-----非限制性定語從句(1)

關(guān)系副詞when在非限制性定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語,指

代主句中表示________的詞語。(2)關(guān)系副詞where在非限制性定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,

指代

主句中表示________的詞語。(3)when/where有時(shí)可以換成“介詞十which”。(4)不能用why引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,要用___________

代替。時(shí)間地點(diǎn)forwhich【語境應(yīng)用】完成句子。1)Theforeignguests,________(who/that)werescientists,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.2)Myfatherboughtmeseveralbooks,noneof________(which/that)Iliketoread.3)Isthereanyoneinyourclass________(which/whose)familyisinthecity?4)Football,________(which/that)isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.whowhichwhosewhich5)ThestudentswenttothehospitaltoseeMissZhang,________(that/whom/who)theyrespectgreatly.6)TheywenttotheRoyalTheatre,________(which/where)theysawthegreatshow.7)Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,________(which/that)wasmorethanIhadexpected.8)Thereare50studentsinourclass,halfof________(whom

/who)aregirls.whomwherewhich

whomAs

everyoneknows,Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.Sheisagreathero,asisdescribedinthereport.Heinvitedmetodinner,whichmademeveryhappy.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.歸納3：as和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)可代替整個(gè)主句。as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)的位置不同:as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于___________________，而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句不可放在_______________________________。(3)as引導(dǎo)的定語從句有“__________的意思，而which指“_________”句首、句中、句后句首，只能放在句中、句后3.非限制性定從句中關(guān)系詞as和which的區(qū)別正如…….這…….

as常見搭配

asisknowntoall；

asyouknowasisexpectedasweexpectedashasbeenmentionedaboveasisreported/saidasafamoussayinggoesasispointedoutasyoucansee=ascanbeseenasisoftenthecase眾所周知正如你所知道的那樣正如所預(yù)料的那樣正如我們所期待的正如上面所提到的正如報(bào)道/所說的那樣正如一句諺語所說/俗話說正如指出的正如你所看見的

情況通常如此1.The2020SummerOlympics,________wereplannedforthissummerinTokyo,havebeenformallyputoffuntil2021becauseofCOVID-19.2.PractisingyogaorTaiChicanhelptokeepourbodiessupple,______inturncanlowerjointpainandhelptoprotectusfrominjury.3.Theairqualityinthecity,_______isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.4.Hepassedthecollegeentranceexaminations,________madehisparentsveryproud.whichwhichaswhich5.Hehasmadeawonderfuldiscovery,________Ithinkisofgreatimportancetoscience.which6.Thesehousearesoldatsuchalowprice____________peopleexpected.asP.621Choosethewordsintheboxtocompletethesentences.whowhomwhichwhosewhenwhere

in/of/forwhichofwhom1Somepeoplealwaystalkloudlyinpublic,________isreallyannoying.2ProfessorLu,________youspoketo,specialisesinconstitutionallaw.3Pleasecomebackatfouro’clock,________yourherbalmedicinewillbeready.4Whatdoyouwanttowriteaboutthesepeople,________storiesIhavejusttoldyou?5HaveyoubeentotheLouvreMuseum,________youcanseetheMonaLisaondisplay?6Thereare45studentsinourclass,out________only10aretakinganoptionalartcourse.7Hermotherworksinacompany,________employeesareallwomen.8Itisvitaltolearntousethesesoftwareprogrammes,both________canhelpyouwith

collectionandevaluation.

whichwho(m)whenwhosewhereinwhichofwhomofwhichinwhichwhere

P.622Decidewhetherthesentencesarerightorwrong.Correctthemwhere

necessary.1Pleasewritedownthesephrases,allofthemwillbeusefulinyourwriting.2Asaconsequenceofsendinginhisapplicationlate,hedidnotgetapatentforhisinvention,

thatwasnotsurprisingatall.3Theresearchersareevaluatingthousandsofplants,whichhavedistinctmedicalproperties.4Thegentleoldmanistheonlyperson,whomIcantrust.5Haveyoudoneallwhatyoucantohelpthepeopleinneed?6Isthisthebotanicalinstitutewhereyouvisitedlastweek?∧and(構(gòu)成并列句)which(構(gòu)成主從復(fù)合句)which(非限定性從句不能用that引導(dǎo))√that(去掉逗號，是限定性定語從句)that(what引導(dǎo)的是名詞性從句，特指某一整體事物，不能加all)that/which(引導(dǎo)詞作visited的賓語，不能用副詞)(若這樣的植物只有成千上萬種則用非限定性從句，若不止成千上萬種，則用限定性從句)1.(2019·浙江卷·語法填空)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth_____________givesofflightinthedark.2.(2019·北京卷·語法填空)Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethose__________aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.3.(2018·全國I)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014________showedamerefiveto10minutesadayof