PAGEPAGE16浙江省杭州市2018年中考英語真題試題第I卷第一部分 聽力（略）第Ⅱ卷第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題.每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中選出最佳選項。AWhenCanadianteenagerRyanwassixyearsold,histeachertoldhimthatinmanypartsofAfrica,therewasnocleanwater.Shesaidthatpeopleoftenmadethemselvesill,andevendied,justfromdrinkingorbathingindirtywater.WhatshesaidmadeRyanupset.Hedecidedtoraisemoneyforawell(井)sothatpeopleinAfricacouldhavecleanwater.Hedidextrachoresforhisparentsandraised$70allbyhimself.Thenhefoundoutthatitactuallycost$2,000todigawell.Mostpeoplewouldhavegivenupatthispoint,butnotRyan.Hewasdisappointed,butdeterminedtoraisemoremoney.Finallyhecollectedover$2,000.Thatmoneywasusedtodigthefirstof“Ryan'swells”.Sincethen,Ryanhascontinuedtoraisemoneyformorewells.Infact,Ryanhasraisedover$1,500,000!Ryancallshimself“anormalboy”andlikestoplayicehockeywhenhe'snotinschoolortravelingaroundtheworldtalkingtootherstudentsabouthimselfandhiswork.Asforthefuture.hehassaidthatheisn'texactlysurewhathewillchoosetodo.“Somethingalongthelinesofalawyerorateacher.Maybealeader!”Ryan'steachertoldhimaboutthewaterprobleminAfricainorderto .encourageRyantodigwellsforpeopleinAfricaaskRyantoraisemoneyforpoorpeopleinAfricamakeRyanfeelunhappyanddisappointededucateRyantocareaboutAfricanpeopleindifficulty.WhatdoesRyanthinkofhimselfaccordingtothepassage?Heisdifferentfromotherstudentsinmanyways.Henevergivesupwhenhehasdecidedtodosomething.Heistalentedandcandomanygreatthingsinthefuture,He'slikeotherstudentswithhisownhobbyanddreams.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.RyanandHisTeacher B.RyanandHisWells.C.RyanandHisMoney D.RyanandHisFutureBWhowantstoeatfoodthatisthrownawayaswaste?Believeitornot,that’sexactlywhatworldleadersdidatalunchheldbytheUnitedNationsin2015.Duringthemeal,theworldleadersenjoyeddisheslikesaladsandburgersmadewiththrown-awayvegetablesandfruits.ChefDanBarber,whohelpedcreatethemeal,hopedthattheexperiencewouldmaketheleaderspaymoreattentiontotheissueoffoodwaste.Itisahugeproblem.OneoutofninepeopleonEarthdoesnotgetenoughfood.Yeteveryyearoveronethirdofthefoodproducedworldwidegoestowaste!Whyissomuchfoodwasted?Firstly,foodisoftenthrownawaybeforeitreachescustomersbecausetoomuchofitisproduced,orbecauseitisnotkeptproperlyinfarms.Secondly,shopsandsupermarketsusuallythrowawayunsoldfood.Finally,customersoftenbuymorefoodthantheyneed,soalotofuneatenfoodiswasted.Howcanyouwastelessfood?Wheneatingout,youmayaskforlessfoodandtakehomewhatisleft.Visitfastfoodrestaurantlessoften,sincetheyusuallymorewasteful.Encourageyourfavoriterestaurantstogiveunsoldfoodtofoodbanks.Youcanalsowastelessfoodathome.Usesmallerricebowlssothatyouservelessrice.Encouragefamilymemberstouseunfinishedricetomakericepuddings.Tellfamilymemberstomakeashoppinglistandbuyonlywhatisonthelistwhenshoppingforfood.Foodwasteisagrowingproblemandwe,eitherfarmersorfoodsellersorcustomers,musttakethisproblemmoreseriouslyanddowhatwecantohelp.WhatdidworldleadersdoatalunchheldbytheUnitedNationsin2015?Theythrewawayfoodaswasteduringthemeal.TheymadedisheswithwastevegetablesandfruitsTheyatefoodmadewithwastevegetablesandfruits.TheyhelpedChefDanBarbercreatethespecialmeal.Theunderlinedword“issue”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto .A.result B.problem C.cause D.beginningThewriterorganizesParagraph4byaskingaquestionand .A.givingexamples B.usingnumbersC.listingreasons D.tellingastoryWhichwayofwastinglessfoodismentionedinthepassage?Buyingunsoldfoodfromsupermarkets.Keepingfoodproperlyinfridge.Usingsmallerricebowlswheneatingout.Askingforlessfoodinrestaurants.CBananasaretheperfectsnack.Notonlyaretheysweetanddelicious,buttheyareeasytocarryaround,soyoucantakethemanywhere.Bestofall,bananasprovidedifferentthingsthatthehumanbodyneeds!Bananasgrowbestinwarmplacesthatgetlotsofrain.Theygrowonplantsthatlookliketrees.Thebananaplant,however,isconsideredaherbratherthanatreebecauseitdoesn’thaveastrongwoodyTheplantscangrowashighas30feetWhentheyreachtheirfullheight,flowersgrowoutfromthestem.Theseflowersproducebananas.orthreetimeseachyear,theplantsproducefruit.Thebananasgrowtogether,whichseemlike“hands”.Ahandismadeupof10to20bananas.Growerssometimescallbananas“fingers”.Eachbunch（叢）ofbananashasabout15hands,andsoawholebunchmayhaveasmanyas200bananasandcanweighmorethan100pounds.Afteraboutthreemonths,thebananasarereadytobepicked.Atthispoint,theystillaren’tthesunnyyellowcolorofbananas.Farmerspickthemwhenthey’regreen.That’showthey’reshippedtostores.Theyturnyellowalongthewayandarereadytobesold.Ifyoulovebananas,you’vegotalotofcompany.AmericanshavebeenenjoyingbananassincethefirstshipmentarrivedintheUnitedStatesin1876.Today,Americaneatmorebananasthananyotherfruit.Morebananasaresoldthanapplesandgrapestogether.EveryAmericaneatsover26poundsofbananaseachyear!Thefirstparagraphmainlytalksabout .whypeoplelikebananashowbananastastewhatbananasarerichinwherebananasaretakenWhatisthecorrectorderinwhichthesehappen?a.Thebananasbegintoturnyellow b.Abananaplantgrowstofullheight.Theflowersproducebananas. d.Thebananasarereadytobepicked.A.c-b-a-d B.b-c-d-a C.b-c-a-d D.c-b-d-aWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?Thebananaplantisakindoftree.Bananaslikegrowinginhotanddryareas.Onebananaplantusuallyproducesfruitonceayear.Thebananaplantusuallyproducesfruitonceayear.WhichisthesecondmostpopularfruitinAmericaaccordingtothebarchart?Apples. B.Grapes. C.Bananas. D.OrangesDThereisapopularChinesesayingthat“Fairskin(皮膚)willmakeupforthreeflaws(缺陷)”.ThismentionsthefactthatinChineseculture,itisbelievedthatpeoplewhohavefairskinaremorebeautiful.Inculture,however,theoppositeistrue—manyWesternersthinktannedskinisprettier.Theexampleshowsthatdifferentcultureshavedifferentideasofwhattheythinkisbeautiful.Theseculturalmeaningsofthebeauty,however,arenolongerimportant.Asmoreandmorepeopletraveloverseas,ideasaboutbeautyarebeingsharedamongcultures.TheInternethasalsomadeiteasierforpeopletosharedifferenttypesofbeautysincepeoplearealwayspostingpicturesonsocialmedia.Theresultisanever-changingideaofwhatisconsideredbeautiful.Theculturalpracticeofearpiercings,forexample,hasbecomeapartofmoderndayculture.InKenya,itisatraditionamongMasaimenandwomentopierceandthenmaketheirearlobes(耳垂)longerusingivoryandwoodorstones.Theythenwearcolorfulthingsontheirearlobes.Thisisacommonpracticesincelongerearlobesareseenasasighofbeauty.Thistraditionhasnowfounditswayintopresent-dayculture.Nowadays,thismightstillseemunusualtosome,butwithmoreandmorewell-knownactorsandfilmstarsshowingofftheirlongerearlobes,itwillfinallybecomemorefashionable.Itisunderstoodthatdifferentculturesaroundtheworldhavedifferentwaysofshowingbeauty.However,sincewenowliveinaworldwidesociety,people’sviewsaboutbeautyarealwayschanging.WiththehelpoftheInternet,peoplearenowabletoeasilyborrowideasfromotherculturestohelpthemstandout.Sowhatnewfashionscanweexpecttoseeinthefuture?Whathasmadeiteasierforpeopletoshareideasaboutbeauty?Thedevelopmentoftechnology.Thepopularityofthelatestfashions.Theunchangedculturaltraditions.Theworld’sgrowingpopulation.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheMasaipeoplefromthepassage?Longerearlobesaretheirnewfashion.Onlywomenmaketheirearlobeslonger.Theythinklongerearlobeslookbeautiful.Theymakeactorsandfilmstarsfamous.Theunderlinedword“them”inthelastparagraphrefersto .A.people B.ideas C.cultures D.fashionsWhatisthepassagemainlyabout?PeopleinAsiancountrieslikefairskinbetter.Beautyisconsideredimportantinmanycultures.Differentcultureshavedifferentideasaboutbeauty.People’sideasaboutbeautyarechangingallthetime.第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）下面文章中有五處（第31-35題）需要添加小標(biāo)題。請從以下選項（A、B、C、D、E和F）中選出符合各段意思的小標(biāo)題。選項中有一項是多余選項。Fivewaystomakeagreatfirstimpression（印象）!Researchershavediscoveredthat,ingeneral,itonlytakessevensecondsforapersontostartmakingjudgmentsaboutyouwhentheyfirstmeetyou.That’swhyyoushouldfollowtheseusefultipsonhowtocreateagoodfirstimpression.31. Beforemeetingsomeone,startthinkingaboutthepurposeofthemeeting.Areyoutryingtoimpressthem?Forexample,ifyouwanttomakenewfriendsatasocialevent,youwillwanttoappearfriendly.Andifyoudecidetorunforclasspresidentatyourschool,youwillneedtoappearconfident（自信）.32. Smilingisthemostimportantthingyoucandowhenmeetingsomeonenew.Itshowsthatyou’refriendlyandmakespeoplearoundyoufeelmorecomfortable.Tohaveawinningsmile,makesureyourteetharecleanbybrushingthemeveryday.33. Beforeyoubeginspeaking,youwillbejudgedonyourbodylanguage.Therefore,it’simportanttoshowtrustinyourselfbystandinguptallandputtingyourshouldersback.Besides,ifyouuncrossyourarms,youwillappearrelaxedandfriendly.34. Howyousmellcaninfluencepeople’sfirstimpressionofyou.Ifyouhaveabadbodysmell,itwillputpeopleoff.Inshort,aimtosmellcleanandavoidputtingonalotofscentedproducts.35. Whatyouwearmatters.Whileyoushouldlookcleanandtidy,alsoimportanttodressproperly,whetheryou’regoingtoabirthdaypartyorasportingevent.shouldthinkaboutwhatyourclothessayaboutyou.SmellSmellgoodDresstoimpressGetreadyforaspeechAsmilegoesalongwayBecarefulaboutyourbodylanguageDecidewhatimage（形象）youwanttopresent第三部分英語知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分25分）第一節(jié)：完形填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）通讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中選出一個最佳選項。MyfriendsandIjoinedatwo-day生存）trainingcourseinthemountains.Thefirstdaywasreally36－therewassomuchtodo!Arrivingatthecampsite,weweredividedintogroupsandgivenatent,somefood,a37andacompass（指南針Standingnexttoasmallriver,Fanny38campinginthegrassyareanearby.However,ourinstructor,Mr.Lee,pointedoutthatitmightflood（淹沒）ifitrained.Intheend,wefounda39area.Puttingupthetentwasveryhard.40Mr.Leehelpedusalot.Bythetimewehadputupthetent,41wasreallyhungrywouldn’thavegotthishungryifwehadbroughtsomesnacks.”Petersaid.alltoldhimto42complaining（抱怨）andhelpusstartafiretocookourfood43.Realizingwewerehavingtroublemakingthefire,hefinally44.Thenextdaystartedearly.byastrangenoise.Peterwenttoseewhatwas45.“Somecowshaveeatenourbreakfast!”heshouted.“That’sallbecauseyoudidn’t46thefoodproperlylastnight.”saidMr.Lee.thatwasangrywithus,wetriedveryhardonournext 47 －usingthemapandcompasstofindasecretlocation.madeittothelocation 48 theotherdid.allfeltveryproudof49 .Thesurvivaltrainingcoursewasagreat 50 .NowIfeelIcouldsurviveanywhere!36．A．disappointingB．difficultC．differentD．boring37．A．mapB．bookC．lightD．knife38．A．suggestedB．finishedC．imaginedD．enjoyed39．A．nearerB．lowerC．biggerD．higher40．A．SurprisinglyB．SuddenlyC．LuckilyD．Usually41．A．everyoneB．a(chǎn)nyoneC．someoneD．noone42．A．startB．mindC．stopD．continue43．A．yetB．tooC．a(chǎn)gainD．instead44．A．helpedoutB．gaveoutC．workedoutD．startedout45．A．developingB．happeningC．beginningD．following46．A. throwoffB．putawayC．eatupD．sellout47．A．planB．lessonC．taskD．problem48．A．tillB．a(chǎn)fterC．whenD．before49．A．himB．themC．youD．ourselves50．A．exampleB．experienceC．a(chǎn)ctivityD．competition400-810-2656第二節(jié)：（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。將答案填寫在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置。Nexttimeyouholdabookinyourhands,stopandthink.Likemostotherthingsinthemodernworld,itistheresultofthousandsofyearsofhumaninvention.First,cametheinventionofwriting, 51 (probable)about5500yearago.Withwriting,peopledidnothavetoremembereverythingintheirheads.Theycouldcommunicatewithpeoplethattheynever 52 (see)andsharetheirknowledgewithfuturegenerations.Later,theGreekswerewell-donefortheirliterature(文學(xué))andscience,buttheir“books”lookedverydifferent 53 thebooksoftoday.Theywerecalledscrolls(卷軸).Theyweredifferenttouseandtookalotofspaceinalibrary.About2,000yearsago,bookswithlotsofpages 54 (invent).Formorethanathousandyears,thepagesofbooksweremadefromanimalskin.Thatchangedin 55 thirteenthcentury,whenEuropeanslearnedaboutavery 56 Chineseinvention:paper.ButthebiggestchangeforbooksinEuropecamein1439,whenJohannesGutenberginventedtheprintingpress.Beforethat,booksinEuropewerecopiedbyhand,sotheywereveryexpensive.Manymorepeoplecouldaffordthebooks 57 wereproducedonaprintingpress.Thesedaysitisdifficult 58 (imagine)aworldwithoutbooks.Buthumaninventiondoesnotstop.Everyyear,more 59 (story)areboughtase-booksandreadonascreen.Willanyoneturnthepagesofatraditionalbookinthefuture, 60 willbooks,scrollssoondisappear?第四部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分25分）第一節(jié)：單詞拼寫（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）（每空僅限一詞）。Myfriendcameoverlastnighttowatchthev offootballmatchthatI’d recorded.Afteralongday,Toml downonthebadandwenttosleep.Thetrainwasveryc withpassengers,sowehadtostand.64.Doyouthinkmoremoneyshouldbegiventoeducation?C ,Icouldn’tagreemore.Sorry,I’vef yourphonenumber.Couldyoupleasetellmeagain?Bep .Ittakestime.Youcanbecomebetterbyreadingsomethingyouenjoyeveryday.Asquarehasforsidesandfourc .Decemberisthet andlastmonthoftheyear.TheChinesewomen’svolleyballteamwonagoldm inthe2016RioGames.Youwillr awarmwelcomewhenyoucometoourvillage.第二節(jié):書面表達(dá)(共1小題.滿分15分)假定你是李平(TEL:1361234567).家住濱海市人民路1號.你在美國旅行期間,不慎遺失錢包,曾向賓館詢.以下是賓館的答復(fù)郵件,請你閱讀后進(jìn)行回復(fù),詞數(shù)80左右.From:Mr.Smith,hotelmanagerHlLiPing,Thankyouforyouremailaboutyourlostwallet.Pleasesenmesomemoreinformation.Whendidyoustayinourhotelandwhatroomwereyouin?Pleasedescribeyourwallet.Whatwasinit?Sendmeyouraddressandphonenumber.Allthebest,Mr.SmithTo:Mr.SmithSubject:LostwalletDearMr.Smith,Yours,LiPing第一部分聽力理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分第一部分 聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）5A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。CCCAB第二節(jié)（共10小題，每小題2分，滿分20分）3A、B、C三個選55秒的作答時間，每段對話僅讀一遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6至第8三個小題。BAB聽下面一段對話，回答第9至第11三個小題。BAA聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第12至第15題四個小題。BBAC（40分）第一節(jié)（15230分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A,B,C和D）中選出最佳選項A【答案解析】16-18DDB解析：本文是記敘文題材，主要內(nèi)容是：男孩Ryan在學(xué)習(xí)到非洲人民處于非常缺少凈水的狀態(tài)時，為了幫助他們而籌錢造井。D。5callshimself“anormalboy”說明Ryan覺得自己是一個普通的男孩，有自己的愛好和理想。Ryan為了幫助非洲人民而籌錢造井的事。B【答案解析】19-22CBCDChowansoeatfoodhatshrownawayaswase?ha’exactlywhatworldleadersdidatalunchheldbytheUnitedNationin2015.結(jié)合第二段首句可知各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人吃了被當(dāng)做垃圾扔掉的水果和蔬菜做成的食物。題：C?？疾槎温浣Y(jié)構(gòu)題，難度適中，通過文章：firstly,secondly,finally可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者通過提問和舉例說明的方式來構(gòu)造這個段落。題：D。考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題，難度較小。根據(jù)第五段第二句。C【答案解析】23-26ABCA解析：本文是一篇說明文。主要從香蕉的優(yōu)點，生長，生產(chǎn)、出售等方面進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹。A?？疾橹髦即笠忸}，難度適中。此類題目并不能夠在原文中找到相同句子或者答案，perfectprovidenotonly...butalsoA。Ba-d在文中相應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)信息，并bc出現(xiàn)在第aB正確選項。C?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解題，難度稍大。需要整合文章的細(xì)節(jié)信息，由于四個選項的出處有可A選項從bananaplan，however，isconsideredaherbB選項對應(yīng)第二段的第一句：bananasgrowbestinwarmplacesthatgetlotsofrainD選項與第三段第一句twoorthreetimeseachyearCcanweighmorethan100pounds相符合，故為正確選項A?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)題，表格細(xì)節(jié)，難度較小。此類題目需要結(jié)合表格，尋找題干關(guān)鍵詞，與thesecondmostapples，A。D【答案解析】27-30ACAD本文是一篇說明文。主要說明歷史以來，不同文化對美的解讀，以及對美的觀點的變化。AwiththehelpoftheInternet,peoplearenoweasilyborrowideasfromotherculturestohelpthemstandoutA正好與文中意思契合，所A。CC正C。A。詞義推理題，難度中等。此類題需要找到單詞在文中的位置，聯(lián)系上下文進(jìn)行詞義them:在網(wǎng)絡(luò)的幫助下，人們?nèi)菀捉柚渌幕瘉韼椭齻冏约涸谌巳褐型癸@。所以，這里的them指的是people。選項A正好與文中意思契合，所以選擇A。DD正好與文中意思契合，所以D。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）（31-35題中選出符合各段意思的首句，選項中有一項是多余選項?！敬鸢附馕觥縁DEAB5Fpurposeofthemeeting”，“appearfriendly”，“appearconfidentF。答案D?？疾煸摱沃髦即笠?，該段關(guān)鍵“smiling”主要是說微笑的重要性，故答案選D。EbodyE。AsmellA。B?？疾煸摱沃髦即笠?，該段關(guān)鍵“dressB。第三部分英語知識運(yùn)用（25分）第二節(jié)：完形填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）通讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中選出一個最佳選項?！敬鸢附馕觥縆eys:36-40BAADC 41-45ACDAB 46-50BCDDB文章解讀：本文講述了我和我的朋友們參加生存訓(xùn)練課的經(jīng)歷。BPuttingupthetentwasveryhard.”以及“weweretroublemakingthefire…”，所以第一天是充滿困難的。AmapAFannysuggest建議；finish完成；imagine想象；enjoyAD指出，如果下雨，我們建在草地邊的帳篷會被淹掉。水往低處走，所以我們應(yīng)建在更高的地方。CMr.LeesurprisinglyAPeter說“如果我們帶了零食，就不會在這挨餓了?！币约昂竺嫔鹱鲲?，說明每個人都很餓。C介意；stop，停止；continueCDPeter不要抱怨，而是來幫我們一起生火。yet，然而；too，也；again，再一次；instead，作為替代，而是；A考查動詞。根據(jù)上文可判斷，意識到我們生火有麻煩時，他最終來幫忙了。helpout，協(xié)助；giveoutworkoutstartoutBPeter跑出去看發(fā)生了什么。develop，發(fā)展；happen，發(fā)生；begin，開始；follow，跟隨；BPeter說是因為昨晚沒有把食物正確儲存起來。throwoff，擺脫；putaway，存儲；eatup，吃完；sellout，賣完；Cplan，計劃；lesson，課程；task，任務(wù)；problem，問題；Dtill，直到……才；after，在……之后；when，當(dāng)……時；before，在……之前Dwe。beproudofoneself，為某人感到自豪。所以DBexample，例子；experience，經(jīng)歷；activity，活動；competition，競賽。第三節(jié)：（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。將答案填寫在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置。【答案解析】51-55probably,saw,from/to/than,wereinvented,useful,that/which,toimagine,stories,orprobably5500probably。句意：5500年以前。sawsawcouldsawfrom/to/than考查介詞。bedifferentfrom/to/than表示“與……不同”。句意：后來，希臘人因他們的文學(xué)和科學(xué)而著名，但是他們的“書籍”看起來和現(xiàn)在的書籍非常不同。wereinvented考查被動語態(tài)。書和發(fā)明之間是被動關(guān)系，books是復(fù)數(shù)，故填wereinvented。句意：大約2000年以前，有很多書頁的書被發(fā)明了。the考查冠詞。inthexxthcenturythe。句意：13世紀(jì)發(fā)生改變。useful考查形容詞。inventionuseful。句意：當(dāng)歐洲人了解到中國一個非常有用的發(fā)明：紙的時候。that/whichthatwhich。句意：更多的人能夠負(fù)擔(dān)得起通過印刷機(jī)生產(chǎn)的書。toi