必修5Unit1GreatscientistsPart1.Warmingup1.explain及物動(dòng)詞（vt.）;說明;闡明Heexplainedthathehadbeencheated.他解釋說他是上當(dāng)受騙了。解釋[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)]Canyouexplainhowthemachineoperates?你能解釋一下這機(jī)器是如何運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的嗎?Pleaseexplainthisruletome.請(qǐng)給我講解一下這條規(guī)則。不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.）解釋I'vegottoexplainaboutit.我得解釋一下此事。2.characteristicn.特征；特性;說明;辯解Kindnessisoneofhischaracteristics.adj.獨(dú)特的Iheardmyfriend’scharacteristiclaugh.becharacteristicofsb./sth.是.....的特性Suchbluntnessischaracteristicofhin.如此遲鈍是他的特性。3.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?putforward提出（建議等）；提名;提前，把時(shí)鐘往前撥Heputforwardanewplan.他提出一個(gè)新計(jì)劃。MayIputyournameforwardasapossiblechairmanofthecommittee?我能否提名你當(dāng)委員會(huì)主席？[歸納拓putdown記下；鎮(zhèn)壓putaside放在一邊；儲(chǔ)存；保留putoff推遲；延期展]putout關(guān)掉；熄滅putup建造；舉起；張貼putaway收好puton穿上選詞填空（putoff,putup,putforward,putaside,putout）①Theplanthatyou_____atthemeetingiswonderful.②Manytallbuildingswere_____alongtheroad.③Firefightershavebeencalledto_____thefireinthecitycenter.④Hehasalittlemoneyto_____forarainyday.⑤Don’t_____untiltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday.Part2.Pre-reading,readingandcomprehending1.Doyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearchhowtoproveanewidea為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作主語、賓語、表語等。Wehaven’tdecidedwheretogo.我們還沒有決定去哪里。Thequestioniswhentoleave.問題是什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身。2.drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論1）conclusion作名詞，意為“結(jié)束，結(jié)論”cometo/reach/arriveataconclusion得出結(jié)論inconclusion最后IwillinconclusionsayafewwordsaboutmyvisittoTokyo.最后，我對(duì)我的東京之行說幾句。2）conclude作動(dòng)詞，“結(jié)束；斷定；決定”。toconclude（作插入語）最后,作為總結(jié)(=tosumup)Toconclude,Ithinksmokingdoesmoreharmthangoodtous.3.JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生——他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，以至于成了照料維多利亞女王的私人醫(yī)生。expert①n.專家，能手anexpertinpsychology（心理學(xué)）anagriculturalexpert②adj.熟練的，有專門技術(shù)的anexpertjob需專門知識(shí)的工作Heisexpertin/atcooking.attendvt.&vi參加，注意，照料①bepresentat參加attendaceremony/lecture/ameeting②attendto(on):tolookafter,carefor,serve伺候,照顧，看護(hù)Thequeenhadagooddoctorattending（on）her.DrSmithattendedherinhospital.Motherhadtoattendtohersickson.③attendto處理，注意傾聽Canyouattendtothematterimmediately?Imaybelate–Ihavegotoneortwothingstoattendto.4.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通人時(shí)，他就感到很振奮。(1)exposedtocholera在句中是過去分詞作后置定語，表示被動(dòng)。意為“患霍亂的”。如：ThebookwrittenbyLuxunisverypopular.魯迅寫的書是很受歡迎的。ThemanseenbyusyesterdayisProfessorSmith.昨天我們看見的那個(gè)人是史斯密教授。(2)expose①暴露exposesb/sthtosthHeexposeshisskintothesun.他把皮膚暴露在陽光下。陰謀。②揭露Heexposedtheirplot.他揭穿了他們的Thecrimeofthecorruptofficialsmustbeexposedwithoutanyreserve.對(duì)貪官污吏的罪行一定要毫無保留地予以揭發(fā)。exposedadj.暴露的，暴露于風(fēng)雨中的，無掩蔽的exposednessn.暴露，顯露exposesth.tothelightofday把某事暴露于光天化日之下exposeafraud揭穿騙局練習(xí)：Thedisc,digitally_____inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded5.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.對(duì)于它的起因和治療方法人們都不清楚。neither...nor...既不……也不，連接句中兩個(gè)相同成分。①Ineitherknewnorcaredwhathadhappenedtohim.我既不知道也不關(guān)心他出了什么事。②NeitherFrancenorBritainwillattendthemeetingnextweek.法國和英國都將不會(huì)參加下星期的會(huì)議。③NeitherJimnorhisparentshaveseenthefilm.＝NeitherhisparentsnorJimhasseenthefilm.吉姆和她的父母都沒有看過這部電影。curevt.治療,治愈,改正n.治療,治愈,治療法①curesb（ofsth）治好了某人（的...,...)Theonlywaytocurebackacheistorest.治療背痛的唯一辦法是休息。

WhenIleftthehospitalIwascompletelycured.Thatnastyshockcuredhimofhisinquisitivenessforever.那一沉重教訓(xùn)根除了他凡事愛打聽的毛病。Thisillnesscannotbecuredeasily.這種病不好治.②acureforsth.治療…的方法;解決問題，改善困境Isthereacertaincureforcanceryet?癌癥迄今有無有效的治療方法?Thepricesaregoingupeveryday,butthereisnocureforrisingprices.6.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.人們既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治療。每次爆發(fā)霍亂時(shí)就有成千上萬驚恐的人病死。(1)本句為復(fù)合句，“Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeopledied”為主句，everytime引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意思是“每當(dāng)……”。(2)有些名詞短語或副詞可以起連詞的作用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。例如：everytime，eachtime，thelasttime，nexttime，themoment，theminute，immediately，instantly等。①Everytime/EachtimeIexpressanopinion，shearguesback.每當(dāng)我發(fā)表意見時(shí)，她總是反駁。②Ifoundmyselfinanentirelynewworldthemoment/theminute/immediatelyIarrivedhere.我一到這里就感到耳目一新。③ThelasttimeIsawhim，hewasquitewell.我最后一次看到他時(shí)，他還相當(dāng)健康。④Giveyourfathermybestregardsnexttimeyouseehim.下次你見到你父親時(shí)，請(qǐng)代我向他致以最好的問候。[拓展延伸](1)forthefirsttime是介詞短語，常用作時(shí)間狀語，而thefirsttime是連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。(2)Itisthefirsttimethat...如果前面用is，從句動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果前面用was，則從句動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí).(3)It’s(high)timethat...從句動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)或should＋動(dòng)詞原形。It’shightimewetookimmediateactiontopreventpollution.該到我們立即采取措施阻止污染的時(shí)候了。7.Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair,acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.第一種看法是霍亂病毒在空氣中繁殖，像一股危險(xiǎn)氣體在空中到處漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害人。suggestv.建議；暗示；表明suggest+doing/sth./thatsb.(should)dosth.Maysuggestedapicnicattheweekend.HesuggestedtousavisittotheGreatWall.HesuggestedusvisitingtheGreatWall.Isuggestedleavingearlyfortheairport.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)visittheGreatWall.Shesuggestedthatherfather(should)giveupsmoking.*suggest(暗示，表明)+從句不用虛擬語氣。Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatsheagreedwithme.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewashappy.8..Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.第二種看法是人們是在吃飯時(shí)把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。absorbvt.(1)專注，聚精會(huì)神

（2）吸收，把……吸收入（o...）常用短語：suspectsthtobe;suspectsbofdoingsth.Theysuspecthimtobethemurderer.(他們懷疑他是兇手)Shesuspectedhimoftakinghermoney.lookaround/about環(huán)顧四周lookback回頭看lookafter照顧；照料lookbackon回顧；回想lookfor尋求；尋找lookdownupon輕視，瞧不起lookforwardto(doing)盼望lookon/upon...as把……看作lookthrough瀏覽lookout往外看；注意；當(dāng)心lookup抬頭看；查看lookuptosb.尊敬/仰慕某人12.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.看來要?dú)w罪于飲用水了。blamev.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；把……歸咎于n.過失；責(zé)備;(過失、過錯(cuò)等)責(zé)任①blamesb.forsth./doingsth.為某事責(zé)備某人/責(zé)備某人做了某事Theyblamedthesecretaryforthedelayoftheplan.②blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事歸咎于某人;因某事而指責(zé)某人Thepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonjack’scarelessdriving.③betoblamefor(doing)sth．因(做)某事某人應(yīng)該受到譴責(zé)；注意:betoblame應(yīng)受責(zé)備（主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)）；應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任Thedriverwasnottoblameforthetrafficaccident.④accept/bear/taketheblameforsth.對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé)任Heisreadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.⑤put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.將某事歸咎于某人13.InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.在倫敦的另一地區(qū)，他從另外兩例與布洛德街疾病爆發(fā)有關(guān)的死亡病例中得到了有力的證據(jù)。linkvt.連接；聯(lián)系n.環(huán)；連接；聯(lián)系；紐帶14.Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.一個(gè)婦女，從布洛德街搬走了，但她非常喜歡水泵的水，她讓人每天從水泵給她家送水。15.WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.利用這個(gè)額外證據(jù)，約翰·斯諾就可以很有把握地宣布污染水?dāng)y帶病菌。announcevt.(1)宣布，宣告(決定、計(jì)劃等)announcesth.(tosb.)(向某人)宣布、通告某事announcethat...宣布……；通知……Itisannouncedthat...據(jù)宣布…Pleaseannouncetoyourclassthattherewillbenoschooltomorrow.請(qǐng)通知你們班明天不上學(xué)。IthasbeenofficiallyannouncedthathewillpayasecondvisittoChinasoon.據(jù)官方消息稱，他不久將再次來中國訪問。(2)(事情)顯示……；預(yù)告Thebrightflowersannouncedthatspringwashere.鮮艷的花朵顯示春天已經(jīng)來到。[拓展延伸]announcementn．宣布；口頭通知announcern.播音員makeanannouncement下通知16.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.為防止這種情況再度發(fā)生，約翰·斯諾建議，所有水源都要經(jīng)過檢測?！白柚埂瞿呈隆眕revent/stop...(from)doingsth.或keep...fromdoingsth.意為①Whatcanwedotopreventthediseasespreading.我們能做什么來防止這種疾病蔓延呢？②Weshouldtakemeasurestopreventtheriverfrombeingpollutedfurther.我們應(yīng)該采取措施阻止這條河受到進(jìn)一步的污染。examinev.檢查；細(xì)查；診察;審問；盤問Thedoctorexaminedtheboyandfoundtherewasnothingthematterwithhim.Thelawyerexaminedthewitness.examinationn.考試；檢查；細(xì)查takeanexamination參加考試medicalexamination體檢underexamination在檢查中；在審查中17.Finally“KingCholera”wasdefeated.“霍亂王”終于被擊敗了。[辨析]win,beat與defeatwin“贏得”賽事、戰(zhàn)事、某物；beat“戰(zhàn)勝”“擊敗”比賽中的對(duì)手，可與defeat互換Webeat/defeatedtheirteamby10scores.Theywonthebattlebutlostmanymen.Thelocalballteamwonthestatechampionshipbybeating/defeatingalltheotherteams.

Part3.LearningaboutLanguage1.takein收留；包括take相關(guān)短語：takeafter相似takeapart把(小型機(jī)器、鐘表等)拆開;拆散takeaway拿走takeback承認(rèn)說錯(cuò)了(話),收回(諾言,話語)；使回憶起；送回,還回去;退(貨)takeoff脫下,脫去(尤指衣服);解(拿)掉--puton(反義詞)；(飛機(jī)等)升空,起飛takeon雇用；開始具有/呈現(xiàn)(某種品質(zhì)、面貌等);露出；接受(工作等);承擔(dān)(責(zé)任等)takeout帶(某人)去(某處參加社交活動(dòng)等)；正式取得,領(lǐng)得,獲得；洗去(污跡),使褪色takeover接手,接任;接管takeup開始花時(shí)間從事(某項(xiàng)活動(dòng));對(duì)……產(chǎn)生興趣;開始學(xué)習(xí)(某課程),選修；(事物或事件)占用了(時(shí)間或空間)；接受……的建議；繼續(xù)take…forgranted想當(dāng)然認(rèn)為(會(huì)是某種情況),認(rèn)為……是理所當(dāng)然的;認(rèn)為沒有問題take…forinstance/example以……為例take…intoaccount/consideration考慮到,把……考慮進(jìn)去takepridein/beproudof為……感到自豪/驕傲takerevengeon向….報(bào)復(fù)takeone'splace代替某人taketheopportunity利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)taketurns輪流(做某事)2.constructionn.建設(shè)；建筑業(yè)；建造Heworksinconstructionindustry.他在建筑行業(yè)工作。Therearetwonewhotelsunderconstruction.有兩家新飯店正在興建。詞組擴(kuò)展：constructionworkers建筑工人underconstruction正在建設(shè)中3.apartfrom有兩種含義：1）相當(dāng)于besides.意為“除……以外（還包括）”Apartfrommymothertongue,Ispeakseveralforeignlanguagesaswell.除了母語外，我還會(huì)講好幾種外語。2）相當(dāng)于except.意為“除……以外（不包括）”IlikeallthesubjectsapartfromEnglish.除了英語外，我喜歡所有學(xué)科。過去分詞作定語1)語法功能過去分詞或過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。被修飾的詞是分詞所表示的行為的承受者；在邏輯上，它們是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。ThestolenbikebelongstoJack.ThebikewhichwasstolenbelongstoJack.ThelecturegivenbyProfessorZhangisaboutenvironmentprotection.ThelecturewhichwasgivenbyProfessorZhangisabouttheenvironmentprotection.a.單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語時(shí)，位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞前面theaffectedpeople受感染的人alostdog喪家之犬a(chǎn)brokenheart一顆破碎的心abrokenglass被打破的玻璃杯Attention：過去分詞修飾something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody，those等不定代詞時(shí)，要放在這些詞后面。Isthereanythingunsolved?ThereisnotingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.b.過去分詞短語作定語：通常后置，其作用相當(dāng)于定語從句。peopleexposedtocholera=peoplewhowasexposedtocholerathebookrecommendedbyJack=thebookwhichwasrecommendedbyJackthemachinesproducedlastyear=themachineswhichwereproducedlastyearc.不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語時(shí)不表被動(dòng)，只表完成。arisensun已升起的太陽fallenleaves落葉thegonedays逝去的時(shí)光2）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；過去分詞作定語，所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，(或者沒有一定的時(shí)間性)。Theletterpostedyesterdaywillsoonreachhim.Haveyoureadthebookrecommendedbyyourteacher?這是你老師推薦的書嗎？對(duì)比：thechangingworld（正在變化的）thechangedworld（變化了的）boilingwater（正在沸騰的）boiledwater（已經(jīng)沸騰過的）fadingflowers(正在凋謝的)fadedflowers（已經(jīng)凋謝的）adevelopingcountry(發(fā)展中的)adevelopedcountry（發(fā)達(dá)的）adrowningman快要淹死的人adrownedman已經(jīng)淹死的人fallingleaves正在飄落的樹葉fallenleaves落葉aretiredworker退休工人3）及物動(dòng)詞anescapedprisoner逃犯的過去分詞(done)與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式(beingdone)都可以表示“被動(dòng)”，但前者多表示一個(gè)完成了的動(dòng)作，而后者則表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.theproblemdiscussedyesterdaytheproblembeingdiscussed過去分詞做表語1過去分詞（短語）作表語時(shí)，其作用相當(dāng)于adj.,說明的是主語的狀態(tài)Allthewindowsarebroken.Allhopeisgone.Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.常見作表語的過去分詞有：disappointed,drunk,amused,frightened,married,excited,experienced,interested,confused,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,tired,worried,gone,dressed,lost等。注意過去分詞作表語時(shí)和動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相，似但兩者表達(dá)的意思明顯不同，前者說明主語的特點(diǎn)及所處的狀態(tài)，而后者強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。Myglassesarebroken.我的眼鏡碎了。(狀態(tài)）Myglasseswerebrokenbymyson.我的眼鏡被我兒子摔碎了。（動(dòng)作）

1.Thedisc,digitally______inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.B.recordingC.toberecordedA.recordedD.havingrecorded2.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,____as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown3.Mostoftheartists_____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited4.Assoonassheenteredtheroom,thegirlcaughtsightoftheflowers____byhermother.A.buyingB.beingboughtC.wereboughtD.bought5.Don’tusewords,expressionsorphrases_____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known6.Thecomputercenter,_____lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened7.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesget_____bythehour.B.payingA.payC.paidD.topay8.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_____frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed9.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain___astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating10.Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyoucan’thavetimeto_____beforetheparty.A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochangePart4.UsingLanguage1.Althoughhehadtriedtoignorethem,allhismathematicalcalculationsledtothesameconclusion.....雖然他曾經(jīng)試著不去理睬那些數(shù)據(jù)，然而他所有的數(shù)字計(jì)算都得出了一個(gè)相同的結(jié)論leadto導(dǎo)致，通向Hiscarelessnessledtotheaccident.他的粗心導(dǎo)致了這場事故AllroadsleadtoRome.條條大路通羅馬。該短語中to為介詞。類似的。短語還有：beusedtosticktolookforwardtodevoteoneseletopayattentioto2.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementoftheotherplantsintheskymakesense..只有運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說得清楚。當(dāng)你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的

1）句中only修飾if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，放在句首時(shí)，后面的主句要用倒裝。only位于句首，其后接副詞或介詞短語時(shí)，句子的主謂也要部分倒裝。OnlythendidIrealizemymistake.只有到那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到我的錯(cuò)誤。Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvetheproblem.2）makesense講得通；有道理；有意義Here,readthesentence.Itdoesn’tseemtomakesense.在這里，讀這個(gè)句子，好像一點(diǎn)也講不通。Yourstorydoesn’tmakesensetome.你的3.Yethecouldnottell