新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)課文、翻譯、超詳細(xì)講解&附練習(xí)等（61-65）Lesson61

TroublewiththeHubble【Newwordsandexpressions】（17）

Hubble

n.哈勃telescope

n.望遠(yuǎn)鏡launch

v.發(fā)射space

n.空間NASA(NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration)國(guó)家航空和航天局billion

n.10億faulty

adj.有錯(cuò)誤的astronaut

n.宇航員shuttle

n.航天飛機(jī)Endeavour

n.“奮進(jìn)”號(hào)robot-arm

n.機(jī)器手grab

v.抓atmosphere

n.大氣層distant

adj.遙遠(yuǎn)的galaxy

n.星系universe

n.宇宙eagleeye

鷹眼★space

n.空間(指宇宙空間)room

n.空間（不可數(shù)）；房間（可數(shù)）Couldyoumakeroomforme?

你能為我騰一點(diǎn)空間嗎?★robot-arm

n.機(jī)器手robot[]

n.機(jī)器人,遙控設(shè)備,自動(dòng)機(jī)械,機(jī)械般工作的人★atmosphere

n.大氣層atmosphere[]

n.大氣，空氣，氣氛，氛圍IwenttotheNewConceptEnglishofNewOrientalschoolforitsgoodatmosphere.

【Text】TheHubbletelescopewaslaunchedintospacebyNASAonApril20,1990atacostofoverabilliondollars.RightfromthestarttherewastroublewiththeHubble.Thepicturesitsentuswereverydisappointingbecauseitsmainmirrorwasfaulty!NASAisnowgoingtoputthetelescoperight,soitwillsoonbesendingupfourastronautstorepairit.TheshuttleEndeavourwillbetakingtheastronautstotheHubble.Arobot-armfromtheEndeavourwillgrabthetelescopeandholditwhiletheastronautsmakethenecessaryrepairs.Ofcourse,theHubbleisabovetheearth'satmosphere,soitwillsoonbesendingustheclearestpicturesofthestarsanddistantgalaxiesthatwehaveeverseen.TheHubblewilltellusagreatdealabouttheageandsizeoftheuniverse.Bythetimeyoureadthis,theHubble'seagleeyewillhavesentusthousandsandthousandsofwonderfulpictures.參考譯文哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡于1990年4月20日由國(guó)家航空航天局發(fā)射升空,耗資10多億美元.從最開(kāi)始哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡就有問(wèn)題.它傳送給我們的圖像很令人失望,因?yàn)樗闹饕R子有誤差.國(guó)家航天局準(zhǔn)備糾正這一錯(cuò)誤,為此將把4名宇航員送入太空修復(fù)望遠(yuǎn)鏡.“奮進(jìn)”號(hào)航天飛機(jī)將把宇航員送上哈勃.當(dāng)宇航員進(jìn)行必要的修復(fù)工作時(shí),“奮進(jìn)”號(hào)上的一只機(jī)器手將抓住望遠(yuǎn)鏡并托住它.當(dāng)然,哈勃位于地球的大氣層之外,因此,它很快就會(huì)給我們傳送我們所見(jiàn)到過(guò)的、有關(guān)行星和遠(yuǎn)距離星系的最清晰的照片.哈勃將告訴我們有關(guān)宇宙的年齡和大小的許多事情.等到你讀到這篇文章時(shí),敏銳的哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡已經(jīng)為我們送來(lái)了成千上萬(wàn)張精彩的照片.

【課文講解】1、TheHubbletelescopewaslaunchedintospacebyNASAonApril20,1990atacostofoverabilliondollars.atacostof…

造價(jià)為……，耗資，以……的價(jià)格/費(fèi)用

Hehasjustbuiltanewhouseforhisfamilyatacostof$10,000.NASA[]=NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration

(美國(guó))國(guó)家航空和宇宙航行局（單詞縮寫(xiě)一般都是組織或者機(jī)構(gòu)）2、RightfromthestarttherewastroublewiththeHubble.rightfromthestart

從最開(kāi)始（right起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用）

Hedidn’twanttoworkatthefirm(right)fromthestart.troublewith…

關(guān)于……有麻煩What'sthetroublewithyou?

你有什么麻煩?(醫(yī)生常這樣問(wèn))Thereis(engine)troublewithmycar.3、Thepicturesitsentuswereverydisappointingbecauseitsmainmirrorwasfaulty!fault

n.錯(cuò)誤

；

faulty

adj.有錯(cuò)誤的Sorry,it'smyfault.4、NASAisnowgoingtoputthetelescoperight,soitwillsoonbesendingupfourastronautstorepairit.putsth.right

修好（故障等），校正，糾正

Remembertoputthelightsrighttomorrow.sendup

往上送5、Arobot-armfromtheEndeavourwillgrabthetelescopeandholditwhiletheastronautsmakethenecessaryrepairs.holdit

抓住它6、TheHubblewilltellusagreatdealabouttheageandsizeoftheuniverse.agreatdeal

大量

agreatdealof…

大量的……7、Bythetimeyoureadthis,theHubble'seagleeyewillhavesentusthousandsandthousandsofwonderfulpictures.bythetime

到那時(shí)engleeye

鷹眼，銳利目光

Hisfather’seagleeyeisalwaysonhim.thousandsandthousandsof

成千上萬(wàn)的

Therearehundredsofthousands/thousandsandthousandsofcarsinthiscity.【LetterWriting】常見(jiàn)的書(shū)信開(kāi)頭：Ihavenotheardfromyouforsometime,so…Itwasverykindofyouto…【Keystructures】將來(lái)完成時(shí)、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)和將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：willhavedone，表示到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，必須和某個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)到將來(lái)某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間動(dòng)作的結(jié)束。

Workerswillhavecompletedthenewroadsbytheendofthisyear.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：willbedoing，表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)候正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或表示計(jì)劃好的事，陳述將來(lái)的事實(shí)。

Theywillbearrivingheretomorrow.將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：willhavebeendoing，表示某種狀況一直持續(xù)到說(shuō)話人所提及的時(shí)間，從某一點(diǎn)發(fā)生,一直延續(xù)到將來(lái)的某一點(diǎn),并且將可能延續(xù)下去，強(qiáng)調(diào)到將來(lái)某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間動(dòng)作可能結(jié)束或延續(xù)。

Bythistimenextweek,Iwillhavebeenworkingforthisfirmfortwentyyears.ByFridaymidday,theywillhavebeenworkingonitforsevendays.

（workonsth.

關(guān)于……的工作）在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)：

BythetimeI’vecompletedthisone,I’llhavebeenwritingforsixyears.

到我寫(xiě)完這本書(shū)時(shí)，我將已經(jīng)寫(xiě)了6年書(shū)了。

WhenI’vebuiltthisone,I’llhavebuiltfivealtogether.【SpecialDifficulties】

Cost,Price,Valuecost

①n.價(jià)格，價(jià)錢(qián)，費(fèi)用（側(cè)重指某項(xiàng)服務(wù)、工程等），成本（復(fù)數(shù)）atthecostof

以……的費(fèi)用，造價(jià)……

Theybuiltthebridgeatacostofover$600,000.

Idon’tknowthecostsofthesecars.

我不知道這些車(chē)的成本是多少。②vt.價(jià)錢(qián)為……，（使）花費(fèi)（不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Thenewcarcosthim$5,000.HowmuchdiditcosttolaunchtheHubbletelescopeintospace?Whatdoesthisblousecost,please?

請(qǐng)問(wèn),這件襯衣多少錢(qián)?price

①n.價(jià)格，價(jià)錢(qián)（側(cè)重于指某個(gè)具體東西或商品的價(jià)錢(qián)），物價(jià)（復(fù)數(shù)）Howmuchisthatblouse?Let'sasktheprice.

What’sthepriceofthedress,please?Pricesaregoingupagain.

物價(jià)又上漲了。②v.問(wèn)……的價(jià)錢(qián)，查明/查詢……的價(jià)格；給……定價(jià)/標(biāo)價(jià)Theypricedcarsfortwodaysbeforetheyboughtone.Thedressispricedat$50,butyoucanhaveitat$40.IwanttopricethebedlineninafewothershopsbeforeIbuyany.我想在買(mǎi)床單之前打聽(tīng)?zhēng)准疑痰甑膬r(jià)格.

value

①n.表示抽象的價(jià)值或重要性，價(jià)值觀（復(fù)數(shù)）Thestolenitemswereofsentimental,ratherthanfinancialvalue.

被盜物品更具有情感上的涵義,

而不是經(jīng)濟(jì)上的價(jià)值.

Thisbookisofgreatvaluetome.Hisvaluesaredifferentfromthoseofmine.②vt.尊重，重視valuesth.

認(rèn)為……有價(jià)值valuesth.ownedbyoneself

敝帚自珍Valueyourtime.

珍惜時(shí)間Ifyoudon’tvaluemyadvice,I’llspeaknomore.Exercise練習(xí)1

Therehasbeenasharpriseinthe(price)(cost)(value)ofliving.2

WheneverIbuyanythingnew,myfatheralwaysasksmethe(value)(cost)(price).3

Ifyouhavetoworkforsomethingyouwill(value)(price)(cost)itmore.4

Thathouse(valued)(cost)(priced)afortunetobuild.5

Dr.James'sworkisofenormous(value)(cost)(price)tothecommunity.6

Janehas(valued)(cost)(priced)thealternativeproductsandsherecommendsthisone.7

Sofar,tencountrieshavegivenmoneytowardsthe(value)(price)(cost)ofrebuildingaftertheearthquake.1sharprise:大幅上升的thecostofliving生活的費(fèi)用2price價(jià)格3value:表示認(rèn)為有價(jià)值4fortune:一大筆財(cái)產(chǎn)cost花費(fèi)5community:社區(qū),社會(huì)value:價(jià)值ofgreat(enormous)value有巨大的價(jià)值（enormous

adj.巨大的）6alternative另外的recommend:推薦pricesth.比較價(jià)格7towards=tothecostofrebuilding重建費(fèi)用【Multiplechoicequestions】

2

TheHubbletelescope___a___.a.willtellusagreatdealabouttheuniverseb.costalotbutwasalmostworthlessc.willmeasurethesizeoftheearthd.requiresconstantcarefromtheastronautsconstant[]

n.[數(shù)、物]常數(shù),恒量；adj.不變的,持續(xù)的,堅(jiān)決的5

Arobot-armwillholdthetelescope____a____theastronautstorepairit.a.for

b.sothat

c.solongas

d.whichforsb.todosth.

基本結(jié)構(gòu)sothat+句子

；solongas+句子:表示只要；which+句子11

ThemainmirroroftheHubble____d___.a.hadproblems

b.wasdistantc.wastheclearest

d.requiresrepairshadproblems有問(wèn)題problemwithsth.

……出問(wèn)題(習(xí)慣用法)

Therewasaproblemwithitsmainblem的兩個(gè)含義：question；troublereauiresrepairs需要修理12

TheHubbleis____d___theearth'satmosphere.a.below

b.over

c.within

d.outsideabove

在……之上(凌空)abovetheearth’satmosphere

在大氣層的上方Lesson62

Afferthefire【Newwordsandexpressions】（15）

control

n.控制smoke

n.煙desolate

adj.荒涼的threaten

v.威脅surrounding

adj.周?chē)膁estruction

n.破壞，毀滅flood

n.洪水，水災(zāi)authority

n.（常用復(fù)數(shù)）當(dāng)局grass-seed

n.草籽spray

v.噴撒quantity

n.量root

n.根century

n.世紀(jì)patch

n.小片blacken

v.變黑，發(fā)暗★control

n.控制incontrol

在控制之內(nèi)undercontrol

在控制之下,被控制outofcontrol

失控control<v.>

sth.

Icancontrolit.=Icanmanageit.

我能對(duì)付(口語(yǔ))underarrest<n.>

被逮捕★smoke

n.煙（霧）fullofsmoke

充滿煙霧smokey

adj.多煙的（名詞加-y,變?yōu)樾稳菰~）smokeyarea

吸煙區(qū)；nonsmokeyarea

禁煙區(qū)rain–rainy；cloud-cloudysmoker

n.抽煙的人heavysmoker

煙癮重的人；nonsmoker

不抽煙的人

smoke

v.吸煙Don'tsmoke!=Nosmoking!Hesmokedheavily.smokingarea/smokingroom

吸煙室smokingapartment

火車(chē)上的吸煙車(chē)廂cigarette=cigar

n.香煙★desolate

adj.荒涼的desolate

adj.荒涼的（與地方相連，表示無(wú)人居住,荒無(wú)人煙的）；極度孤獨(dú)的(與人相連時(shí))lonely[]

adj.孤獨(dú)的，荒涼的，偏僻的（與地方連表示孤零零的，但并不表示無(wú)人居?。飔hreaten

v.威脅的threatentodosth.

威脅著要做……（與人相連）；有跡象表明……Itthreatenedtorain.

有跡象表明天要下雨了。threatensb.withsth.

以……來(lái)威脅/恐嚇某人

Thethiefthreatenedhimwithaknife.

Thewholevillageisthreatenedwithdestruction.★surrounding

adj.周?chē)膕urroundings[]

n.環(huán)境(在周邊的事物)atmosphere[]

n.大氣層,氛圍(在周邊的人文環(huán)境)★destruction

n.破壞,毀滅destroy

v.破壞destructive

adj.毀滅性的construct

v.建設(shè)(為……創(chuàng)造更好的條件)construction

n.

建設(shè),建筑constructionbank

建設(shè)銀行constructive

adj.建設(shè)性的(意見(jiàn))build

v.建設(shè)(具體的建某物)★flood

n.洪水,水災(zāi)flood=floods都對(duì)，都可以用，無(wú)區(qū)別★authority[]

n.當(dāng)局(常用復(fù)數(shù)authorities)authority

n.權(quán)威（單數(shù)）★spray

v.噴撒spraysth.over/on

往……上噴灑spraywaterover/onflowerspraygrass-seedover/ontheground★quantity

n.（數(shù)）量quantitiesof

大量的……quality

n.質(zhì)量

sth.withgoodquality

具有好質(zhì)量的東西★root

n.根Whatistherootcause?

根本原因是什么？rootof…

……的根takeroot

生根comeout

長(zhǎng)出來(lái)

shootcomeout

發(fā)芽（shoot

n.芽）flowercomeout

開(kāi)花getout

出去★patch

n.小片，顏色和周?chē)煌牟糠謕atch

n.(平面上的)一片,補(bǔ)丁(本意)

Whatisthatyellowpatchonthewall?

墻上那塊黃斑是什么？apatchof

一小片；patchesof

許多片Therearepatchesofcloudinthesky.apieceof/abitof/asheetof

一片，一塊……★blacken

v.變黑，發(fā)暗Thesmokehasblackenthewalls.

煙把墻熏黑了。-en后綴表示動(dòng)詞，譯為“使……變得……”weak

adj.虛弱的——>weaken

v.使……變?nèi)?，削弱?fù)合詞（由兩個(gè)詞組合而成一個(gè)詞），如fireman派生詞（加前綴或后綴的詞）如-tion——名詞后綴；-less——形容詞后綴【Text】Firemenhadbeenfightingtheforestfirefornearlythreeweeksbeforetheycouldgetitundercontrol.Ashorttimebefore,greattreeshadcoveredthecountrysideformilesaround.Now,smokestillroseupfromthewarmgroundoverthedesolatehills.Winterwascomingonandthehillsthreatenedthesurroundingvillageswithdestruction,forheavyrainwouldnotonlywashawaythesoilbutwouldcauseseriousfloodsaswell.Whenthefirehadatlastbeenputout,theforestauthoritiesorderedseveraltonsofaspecialtypeofgrass-seedwhichwouldgrowquickly.Theseedwassprayedoverthegroundinhugequantitiesbyaeroplanes.Theplaneshadbeenplantingseedfornearlyamonthwhenitbegantorain.Bythen,however,inmanyplacesthegrasshadalreadytakenroot.Inplaceofthegreattreeswhichhadbeengrowingthereforcenturiespatchesofgreenhadbeguntoappearintheblackenedsoil.

參考譯文消防隊(duì)員們同那場(chǎng)森林大火搏斗了將近3個(gè)星期才最后把火勢(shì)控制住.就在不久之前,參天大樹(shù)還覆蓋著方圓數(shù)英里的土地.而現(xiàn)在,發(fā)熱的地面上仍然升騰著煙霧,彌漫在荒涼的山丘上.冬季即將來(lái)臨,這些山丘對(duì)周?chē)拇迩f具有毀滅性的威脅,因?yàn)榇笥瓴粌H會(huì)沖走土壤,而且還會(huì)引起嚴(yán)重的水災(zāi).在大火最后被撲滅后,森林管理當(dāng)局訂購(gòu)了好幾噸一種生長(zhǎng)迅速的特殊類(lèi)型的草籽.飛機(jī)把這種草籽大量地撒播在地上.飛機(jī)撒播近一個(gè)月后,開(kāi)始下起雨來(lái).然而到那時(shí),很多地方的草已經(jīng)生了根.一片片的綠草開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)在這片燒焦的土地上,代替了多少世紀(jì)以來(lái)一直生長(zhǎng)在那里的參天大樹(shù).

【課文講解】1、Firemenhadbeenfightingtheforestfirefornearlythreeweeksbeforetheycouldgetitundercontrol.fightsth.

和……作搏斗getitundercontrol表示“使它得到控制”，get有“使……處于某種狀態(tài)”的含義，“get+賓語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)”作賓補(bǔ):

TheGovernmentcannolongerkeeppricesundercontrol.

政府已控制不住物價(jià)。Gettheroominorder.

2、Ashorttimebefore,greattreeshadcoveredthecountrysideformilesaround.ashorttimebefore和ashorttimeago都可以與段時(shí)間相連ashorttimebefore

不久以前，從過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間算起，一段時(shí)間以前ashorttimeago

過(guò)去某段時(shí)間，從現(xiàn)在算起，一段時(shí)間以前formilesaround

方圓幾英里（around表示“在周?chē)蛩闹堋保?/p>

Thisistheonlymodernbuildingformilesaround.3、Now,smokestillroseupfromthewarmgroundoverthedesolatehills.riseup(from)

升上來(lái)smokeriseup

(煙、霧)彌漫4、Winterwascomingonandthehillsthreatenedthesurroundingvillageswithdestruction,forheavyrainwouldnotonlywashawaythesoilbutwouldcauseseriousfloodsaswell.winterwascomingon

冬季即將來(lái)臨(季節(jié)的來(lái)臨的通用表達(dá)式)，comeon的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)形式表示的是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，它在這里表示季節(jié)的“到來(lái)，來(lái)臨”：

Whenspringcomeson,therewillbeflowerseverywhere.

Iwasstillintheforestwhennightcameon.washaway

沖掉，沖走，洗掉

Awoodenbridgewaswashedawaybytheflood.

Ican’twashthespotaway.5、Whenthefirehadatlastbeenputout,theforestauthoritiesorderedseveraltonsofaspecialtypeofgrass-seedwhichwouldgrowquickly.putout

撲滅order

定購(gòu)type強(qiáng)調(diào)與其他同類(lèi)的東西有明顯不同的特征的種類(lèi)，與kind有區(qū)別6、Theseedwassprayedoverthegroundinhugequantitiesbyaeroplanes.quantity單數(shù)時(shí)僅表示“數(shù)量”，既可以用于表示多也可以用于表示少：

Theydrankalarge/great/smallquantityofbeerlastnight.quantity復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)表示“大量”：

Heboughtbooksin(large)quantities.7、Bythen,however,inmanyplacesthegrasshadalreadytakenroot.takeroot表示“生根”，這個(gè)短語(yǔ)也可以表示某處思想/想法等“扎根”：

Thistypeofgrasstakesrooteasily.

Theideahastakenrootinhismind.8、Inplaceofthegreattreeswhichhadbeengrowingthereforcenturiespatchesofgreenhadbeguntoappearintheblackenedsoil.inplaceof

替代，取代(只能指代位置、空間，原來(lái)放的東西現(xiàn)在不在了)Inplaceofacup,Iputavasethere.

以前放的是茶杯，現(xiàn)在放的是花瓶。JaneansweredthephoneinplaceofMary.insteadof

替代+沒(méi)做的事Insteadofstayinghome,Iwenttoschool.（此句就不能用“inplaceof”，而指地點(diǎn)空間時(shí)，既可以用“inplaceof”也可以用“insteadof”。）【Summarywriting】2

Hadallthegreattreesbeenburntornot?

Wastheredangerthatheavyrainwouldcauseseriousfloodsornot?

Wouldthefloodsdestroythesurroundingvillagesornot?(Nowthat…which)3

Didtheforestauthoritiesordergrass-seedtopreventthisornot?Forhowlongwasitsprayedoverthegroundbyplanes?(Topreventthis…which…)4

Diditbegintorainornot?Wherehadthegrasstakenroot?(Bythetimethat…)2Nowthatallthegreattreeshadbeenburnt,therewasdangerthatheavyrainwouldcauseseriousfloodswhichdestroythesurroundingvillages.nowthat

既然；which

定語(yǔ)從句3Topreventthistheforestauthoritiesorderedgrass-seedwhichwassprayedoverthegroundbyplanesfornearlyamonth.toprevent…

為了預(yù)防……4Bythetimeitbegantorain,thegrasshadtakenrootinthesoil.bythetime(that)

到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹?that可以省略)，應(yīng)理解為“before”【Keystructures】過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：hadbeen+現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用于強(qiáng)調(diào)某動(dòng)作在過(guò)去更早的某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行，并對(duì)過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻產(chǎn)生結(jié)果，過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常重復(fù)的動(dòng)作，還可以表示根據(jù)直接或間接的證據(jù)而得出結(jié)論。與它經(jīng)常連用的表示時(shí)間的詞有before，for，since，allday等。

Shewasverytired.Shehadbeentypinglettersallday.

Jillwasangry.Jimhadbeenphoninghereverynightforawholeweek.

Hereyeswerered.Itwasobviousshehadbeencrying.在包含間接引語(yǔ)的句子中，如果引述詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，則現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)要改為過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。過(guò)去完成時(shí)與過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可以互換。但需要表示某個(gè)工作已經(jīng)完成時(shí)，只能用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

WhenIarrived,they’dalredyputthefireout.【SpecialDifficulties】

ControlandCheckcontrol

①vt.控制，指揮，支配，管理Don’ttrytocontrolotherpeople.②n.控制（能力），支配（能力）It’shardtokeepthenumberofpeoplecomingintothecountryundercontrol.check

vt.檢查，核對(duì)，查看They’regoingtocheckourpassports.GreatandBiggreat

adj.大的(強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性)，偉大的，重大的，重要的

Frankhasjustmadeagreatdecision.big

adj.大的(強(qiáng)調(diào)面積、體積、規(guī)模上的大)

Samisabigman.SoilandGroundsoil

n.泥土(能讓植物生長(zhǎng)的)，土，土地，土壤

Treesandgrassgrowquicklyinrichsoil.ground

n.地表，地面(與土壤無(wú)關(guān))，場(chǎng)地，土地

Hethrewthecuptotheground.【Multiplechoicequestions】6

Theplanes____c___nearlyamonthtoplanttheseed.a.did

b.made

c.took

d.had花費(fèi)時(shí)間的表達(dá)：如果人作主語(yǔ)用spend；用時(shí)間表達(dá)用take9

Large____d____ofseedwereused.a.weights

b.measures

c.tons

d.amountsweight

n.重量；measures

v.測(cè)量；tons

n.噸（severaltons）largeamounts

大量的，修飾不可數(shù)名詞11

Patchesofgreenhadbeguntoappear.Therewasgreengrass____d____.a.everywhere

b.onlyinoneortwoplacesc.inoneplace

d.hereandtherepatches許多快everywhere每一寸土地上都長(zhǎng)著東西hereandthere這一塊,那一塊,很多快,不一定是每一寸Lesson63

Shewasnotamused【Newwordsandexpressions】（6）

circle

n.圈子admire

v.贊美，欽佩close

adj.親密的wedding

n.婚禮reception

n.招待會(huì)sort

n.種類(lèi)★admire

v.贊美，欽佩①vt.欽佩，贊賞Iadmirehismusicmorethananyoneelse’s.admiresb.forsth.

因?yàn)椤w慕某人Iadmirehimforhisrichness/house/cleverdaughter/konwledge.②vt.欣賞，觀賞Whileadmiringthenewbuilding,Iheardsomeonecallingmyname.③vt.(口語(yǔ))夸獎(jiǎng)，稱(chēng)贊Shelikestohearherchildrenadmired.★close

adj.親密的closefriend

親密的朋友★reception

n.招待會(huì)reception＝partyweddingreception

婚宴newsconference

新聞發(fā)布會(huì),記者招待會(huì)★sort

n.種類(lèi)，類(lèi)型（常與of連用）type種類(lèi)（有特殊特征的）sort和kind有時(shí)可以互換，但在下面兩種情況下用sort：①thatsortofperson

那種人②sort可含有諷刺意味That'sthesortofthingyoulikebest.Youmustn’tmixwiththatsortofpeople.

你不得與那種人交往?！綯ext】JeremyHampdenhasalargecircleoffriendsandisverypopularatparties.Everybodyadmireshimforhisgreatsenseofhumour--everybody,thatis,excepthissix-year-olddaughter,Jenny.Recently,oneofJeremy'sclosestfriendsaskedhimtomakeaspeechataweddingreception.ThisisthesortofthingthatJeremyloves.HepreparedthespeechcarefullyandwenttotheweddingwithJenny.Hehadincludedalargenumberoffunnystoriesinthespeechand,ofcourse,itwasagreatsuccess.Assoonashehadfinished,Jennytoldhimshewantedtogohome.Jeremywasalittledisappointedbythisbuthedidashisdaughterasked.Onthewayhome,heaskedJennyifshehadenjoyedthespeech.Tohissurprise,shesaidshehadn't.Jeremyaskedherwhythiswassoandshetoldhimthatshedidnotliketoseesomanypeoplelaughingathim!

參考譯文杰里米·漢普登交際甚廣,是各種聚會(huì)上深受大家歡迎的人.人人都?xì)J佩他那絕妙的幽默感——人人,就是說(shuō),除他6歲的女兒珍妮之外的每一個(gè)人.最近,杰里米的一個(gè)最親密的朋友請(qǐng)他在一個(gè)婚禮上祝詞.這正是杰里米喜歡做的事情.他認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備了講稿,帶著珍妮一道去參加了婚禮.他的祝詞里面加進(jìn)了大量逗人的故事,自然大獲成功.他剛一講完,珍妮就對(duì)他說(shuō)她要回家.這不免使杰里米有點(diǎn)掃興,但他還是按照女兒的要求做了.在回家的路上,他問(wèn)珍妮是否喜歡他的祝詞.使他吃驚的是,她說(shuō)她不喜歡.杰里米問(wèn)她為何不喜歡,她說(shuō)她不愿意看到那么多的人嘲笑他!

【課文講解】1、JeremyHampdenhasalargecircleoffriendsandisverypopularatparties.havealargecircleoffriends

有一個(gè)很大的朋友圈子,交際很廣＝sb.has/havealotoffriendsHehasalargecircleoffriends.

他有很多朋友circle的含義之一是“（具有共同利益或興趣等的人形成的）圈子，……界”

Suchthingsarenevertalkedaboutinbusinesscircles.

Jeremyusedtohavealargecircleoffriends,butnowhelikesbeingalone.popular

adj.受歡迎的，得人心的

Maryisalwayspopularwith/amongchildren.2、Everybodyadmireshimforhisgreatsenseofhumour--everybody,thatis,excepthissix-year-olddaughter,Jenny.admire…for

欽佩……的……thatis為插入語(yǔ)，一旦插在句子當(dāng)中,是作為固定結(jié)構(gòu),意思是“那就是說(shuō)，亦即”，起解釋作用

HeiscominghomenextMonday,thatis,April5th.senseofhumour

幽默感

Georgehasnosenseofhumour.

Heisamanwithouthumour.3、ThisisthesortofthingthatJeremyloves.thesortof,thekindof的后面加單數(shù)4、HepreparedthespeechcarefullyandwenttotheweddingwithJenny.preparesth.

準(zhǔn)備做……，后面跟內(nèi)容有關(guān)系Iampreparingaspeech.

（speech

n.發(fā)言）prepareforsth.

為……作準(zhǔn)備，后面不一定跟內(nèi)容有關(guān)系5、Hehadincludedalargenumberoffunnystoriesinthespeechand,ofcourse,itwasagreatsuccess.included包含（把里面內(nèi)容的一部分挑出來(lái)說(shuō)）contain強(qiáng)調(diào)容器里的包含,后面一定要把所有的東西都列舉出來(lái)Itwasagreatsuccess.表示“這事做的不錯(cuò),不同凡響,很成功”6、Jeremywasalittledisappointedbythisbuthedidashisdaughterasked.alittle稍微,有一點(diǎn)bedisappointedby…

因?yàn)椤械绞鸻s+從句

如同……那樣，以……的方式（方式狀語(yǔ)從句）doasyouaretold

按你被告知的做Thisfishisn’tcookedasIlikeit.7、Jeremyaskedherwhythiswassoandshetoldhimthatshedidnotliketoseesomanypeoplelaughingathim!whythiswasso（this可以作主語(yǔ),也可以作賓語(yǔ)，so只能作賓語(yǔ),只能放在動(dòng)詞后面）Ithinkso./Ihopeso./Iguessso./Iexpectso.Irefusetodoso.

我拒絕這樣做seesb.doingsth.

看見(jiàn)某人正在作某事somanypeople跟數(shù)字相連的前面一定要用so★laugh

①vi.(大)笑You’reverykindtolaughwhenItellafunnystory.Everybodylaughedoutloudwhenhesaidthat.②vi.嘲笑（介詞用at）Ifyougorounddayingthingslikethat,everyonewilllaughatyou.如果你到處說(shuō)那種話，所有的人都會(huì)嘲笑你的。如果laughat后跟的是物，表示“因……而發(fā)笑”：

You’reverykindtolaughatmyfunnystories.【Summarywriting】1

IsJeremyHampdengreatlyadmiredforhisgreatsenseofhumourornot?Whatwasheinvitedtodo?Didheimmediatelyagreetodosoornot?(WhenJeremy...whois...)WhenJeremyHampden,whoisgreatlyadmiredforhisgreatsenseofhumour,wasinvitedtomakeaspeechataweddingreception,heimmediatelyagreedtodoso.在不使句子產(chǎn)生歧義的前提下,定語(yǔ)從句可放在其所修飾的整個(gè)句子的后面,如以下兩句:Thebrother,whowasstandingnearthehouse,wantedtogoswimming.Thebrotherwantedtogoswimmingwhowasstandingnearthehouse.但下面的就容易產(chǎn)生歧義:Thebrother,whowasstandingnearthehouse,wantedtotalkwiththegirl.Thebrotherwantedtotalkwiththegirlwhowasstandingnearthehouse.(有歧義)【LetterWriting】書(shū)信常見(jiàn)開(kāi)頭：

Youmustbeveryannoyedwithmefor…

Ihavejustheardthat…【Multiplechoicequestions】

4

____a___Jenny,everyoneadmireshimforhisgreatsenseofhumour.a.Exceptfor

b.Apart

c.Except

d.Unlessunless

adv.除非exceptfor＝apartfrom

Apartfromafewwords,IdonotknowanyFrenchatall.

7

Jeremywasalittledisappointed.Hewas____d____disappointed.a.little

b.somehow

c.enough

d.somewhatalittle少量,少許,有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)；little幾乎沒(méi)有。與形容詞或副詞連用時(shí),用alittle；與名詞連用時(shí),用alittle,little都可。何時(shí)用alittle,何時(shí)用little,是由說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度區(qū)分somehow

adv.不知怎么的SomehowIfellinthehole.

somewhat

adv.有一些，有一點(diǎn)（somewhat＝alittle）8

Everyoneadmireshim.They____a___him.a.thinkhighlyof

b.laughat

c.estimate

d.esteemthinkof

考慮；thinkhighlyof

高度贊揚(yáng)estimate

v.評(píng)估

；

esteem

v.尊重【語(yǔ)法精粹】1Simplephotographiclensescan’t__D__sharp,undistortedimagesoverawidefield.A.toform

B.areformed

C.forming

D.form情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)2Ofallthefactorsaffectingagriculturalyields,weatheristheone___B__themost.A.itinfluencesfarmers

B.thatinfluencesfarmers

C.farmersthatitinfluences

D.whyfarmersinfluenceit

如果一句子出現(xiàn)了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,再出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞則可能是：①并列關(guān)系②從句③非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞④介詞短語(yǔ)why引導(dǎo)的從句一定是表語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句3Bytrackingtheeyeofahurricane,forecasterscandeterminethespeedatwhich___B__A.isastormmoving

B.astormismoving

C.ismovingastorm

D.amovingstormwhich后接的是定語(yǔ)從句，且是atwhich在句中作成份atwhich=atthespeed

ThisistheriverinwhichIswim.4Duringthefloodof1927,theRedCross,___D__outofemergencyheadquartersinMississppi,setuptemporarysheltersforthehomeless.A.operates

B.isoperating

C.hasoperated

D.operating6Duringaneclipseofthesun,_____intheshadowoftheMoon.A.theEarthlies

B.theEarthwhenlying

C.thattheEarthlies

D.thelyingEarth少了主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Lesson64

TheChannelTunnel【Newwordsandexpressions】（13）

tunnel

n.隧道port

n.港口ventilate

v.通風(fēng)chimney

n.煙囪sealevel

海平面double

adj.雙的ventilation

n.通風(fēng)fear

v.害怕invasion

n.入侵，侵略officially

adv.正式地connect

v.連接European

adj.歐洲的continent

n.大陸★tunnel

n.隧道channel

n.海峽（TheChannel

英吉利海峽）★ventilate

v.通風(fēng)★ventilation

n.通風(fēng)ForcedVentilation

強(qiáng)制排風(fēng)系統(tǒng)（forced[]

adj.被迫的，強(qiáng)迫的，動(dòng)用武力的）air

v.通風(fēng)Airtheroom,please!

給房間通通風(fēng)★double

adj.雙的字母W的讀音就是“doubleu”，意為兩個(gè)u構(gòu)成w.couple，pair

兩個(gè)acoupleofweeksapairofshoes/socks/glasses一副眼鏡★fear

v.害怕①vt.害怕，畏懼sb.feardoingsth.

害怕做……Shefearsspeakinginpublic.sb.fearsth.

害怕……

Ifeareddarkness.

beafraidof

害怕……Iamafraidofdogs.beafraidof/fear

人做主語(yǔ)②vt.恐怕，猜想（比beafraid要正式）fearthat…

恐怕……Wefear/Itisfeared/We’reafraidthatmanyliveshavebeenlostinthecrash.beafraidthat…=Iamsorry.

恐怕……（婉言謝絕）Canyouhelpme?

IamafraidIcan't.=Iamafraidnot.

fright/frighten/frightening/frightened/frightfulsth.frightensb.=sth.scaresb.

……嚇了……一跳

Youfrightened/scaredme.Thedoyfrightenedme.

frighten=scare是因某件突然的事情才讓某人產(chǎn)生了害怕的情緒，句子后邊的部分是人horrify[]

v.使恐怖,使極度厭惡,驚駭horrified[]

adj.驚悸的,帶有恐怖感的,驚駭?shù)摹飅nvasion

n.入侵,侵略invade[]

vt.侵略,侵襲,擁擠★officially

adv.正式地official

adj.（官方的）正式formally

adv.（一般的）正式★connect

v.連接connectsth.with/to…

把……和……連接

connectAwithB

(A和B平等)

connectAtoB

(A連到B上去)

Thisroadconnectsthevillagewith/toLondon.★European

adj.歐洲的★continent

n.大陸EuropeanContinent

歐洲大陸（不包括歐洲島國(guó)）【Text】In1858,aFrenchengineer,AimeThomedeGamond,arrivedinEnglandwithaplanforatwenty-one-miletunnelundertheEnglishChannel.HesaidthatitwouldbepossibletobuildaplatforminthecentreoftheChannel.Thisplatformwouldserveasaportandarailwaystation.Thetunnelwouldbewell-ventilatediftallchimneyswerebuiltabovesealevel.In1860,abetterplanwasputforwardbyanEnglishman,WilliamLow.Hesuggestedthatadoublerailway-tunnelshouldbebuilt.Thiswouldsolvetheproblemofventilation,forifatrainenteredthistunnel,itwoulddrawinfreshairbehindit.Forty-twoyearslateratunnelwasactuallybegun.If,atthetime,theBritishhadnotfearedinvasion,itwouldhavebeencompleted.Theworldhadtowaitalmostanother100yearsfortheChannelTunnel.ItwasofficiallyopenedonMarch7,1994,finallyconnectingBritaintotheEuropeancontinent.參考譯文1858年,一位名叫埃梅·托梅·德·干蒙的法國(guó)工程師帶著建造一條長(zhǎng)21英里、穿越英吉利海峽的隧道計(jì)劃到了英國(guó).他說(shuō),可以在隧道中央建造一座平臺(tái),這座平臺(tái)將用作碼頭和火車(chē)站.如果再建些伸出海面的高大的煙囪狀通風(fēng)管,隧道就具備了良好的通風(fēng)條件.1860年,一位名叫威廉·洛的英國(guó)人提出了一項(xiàng)更好的計(jì)劃.他提議建一條雙軌隧道,這樣就解決了通風(fēng)問(wèn)題.因?yàn)槿绻幸涣谢疖?chē)開(kāi)進(jìn)隧道,它就把新鮮空氣隨之抽進(jìn)了隧道.42年以后,隧道實(shí)際已經(jīng)開(kāi)始建了.如果不是因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)英國(guó)人害怕入侵,隧道早已建成了.世界不得不再等將近100年才看到海峽隧道竣工.它于1994年3月7日正式開(kāi)通,將英國(guó)與歐洲大陸連到了一起.

【課文講解】1、In1858,aFrenchengineer,AimeThomedeGamond,arrivedinEnglandwithaplanforatwenty-one-miletunnelundertheEnglishChannel.

planfor+名詞/動(dòng)名詞

……的計(jì)劃twenty-one-mile加連字符，用單數(shù)，作定語(yǔ)2、Thisplatformwouldserveasaportandarailwaystation.serveas…=servefor…

起……作用，用作……，充當(dāng)……Itwillserveasaswimmingpool.Thissofacanserveas/for(a)bed.3、In1860,abetterplanwasputforwardbyanEnglishman,WilliamLow.putforward(plan/suggestion)

提出（計(jì)劃、建議等）

Youknowtheywouldn’tacceptyourplan.Whydidyouputitforward?4、Hesuggestedthatadoublerailway-tunnelshouldbebuilt.suggest①

vt.暗示，用法與其他的詞相同②

vt.建議，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，后接動(dòng)詞是要用-ing形式，后接that從句采用一種固定的用法“should+動(dòng)詞原形”（should可省略）Isuggested(that)he(should)gohome.

(that,should都可省略)

HesuggestedthatIshouldgowithhim.

他建議我一定要跟他去.insist作“堅(jiān)持”講時(shí)用法同suggest

HeinsistedthatIshouldstaytolunch.

他堅(jiān)持要我留下來(lái)吃晚飯.5、Thiswouldsolvetheproblemofventilation,forifatrainenteredthistunnel,itwoulddrawinfreshairbehindit.drawin

吸進(jìn)，如用bring沒(méi)有drawin形象、貼切6、If,atthetime,theBritishhadnotfearedinvasion,itwouldhavebeencompleted.虛擬語(yǔ)氣(非真實(shí)條件句)中，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，此時(shí)主句格式為wouldhavedone，would/could/should都可以情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加havedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)，如musthavedone，can'thavedone等7、Theworldhadtowaitalmostanother100yearsfortheChannelTunnel.waitforsb.

wait(for)sometimesIhavewaitedfiveminutes.(for可不要)Ihavewaitedforyou(for)fiveminutes.

Ihavewaitedfiveyearsforyou.【Summarywriting】1

WhoplannedtobuildatunnelundertheEnglishChannelin1858?Howwoulditbeventilated?(Thetunnel,which…)4

Didworkbeginforty－twoyearslaterornot?Whywasitstopped?(Though…because)5

WhenwastheChannelTunnelofficiallyopened?(However)1

先行詞,which:非限定性定語(yǔ)從句Thetunnel,whichaFrenchengineerplannedtobuildin1858,wouldbeventilatediftallchimmeyswerebuiltabovesealevel.4

Thoughitwasbegun(workbeginforty-twoyearslater),itwasstoppedbecause…5

However起了副詞的作用,后面可以直接加一個(gè)句子【Composition】

1

TheEnglishChannelseparatesBritainfromEurope.Thecountryhasnotbeeninvadedsince106