20236月四級(jí)真題認(rèn)真閱讀局部PartIV ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Walking,ifyoudoitvigorouslyenough,istheoverallbestexerciseforregularphysicalactivity.Itrequiresnoequipment,everyoneknowshowtodoitanditcarriesthe 47 riskofinjury.Thehumanbodyisdesignedtowalk.Youcanwalkinparksoralongariverorinyourneighborhood.Toget 48 benefitfromwalking,aimfor45minutesaday,anaverageoffivedaysaweek.Strengthtrainingisanotherimportant 49 ofphysicalactivity.Itspurposeistobuildand50 boneandmusclemass,bothofwhichshrinkwithage.Ingeneral,youwillwanttodostrengthtrainingtwoorthreedaysaweek, 51 recoverydaysbetweensessions.Finally,flexibilityandbalancetrainingare 52 importantasthebodyages.Achesandpainsarehighonthelistofcomplaintsinoldage.Theresultofconstantmuscletensionandstiffnessofjoints,manyofthemare 53 ,andsimpleflexibilitytrainingcan 54 thesebymakingmusclesstrongerandkeepingjoints lubricated(潤(rùn)滑).Someofthis youdowheneveryoustretch.Ifyouwatchdogsandcats,you’llgetanideaofhownaturalitis.Thegeneral 55issimple:wheneverthebodyhasbeeninonepositionforawhile,itisgoodto 56 stretchitinanoppositeposition.A)allowingF)helpingK)preventB)avoidableG)increasinglyL)principleC)brieflyH)lowestM)provokeD)componentI)maintainN)seriouslyE)determinedJ)maximumO)topicSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Junkfoodiseverywhere.We’reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofusknowwhatwe’redoingandyetwedoitanyway.Sohere’sasuggestionofferedbytworesearchersattheRandCorporation:Whynottakealessonfromalcoholcontrolpoliciesandapplythemtowherefoodissoldandhowit’sdisplayed?“Manypolicymeasurestocontrolobesity〔肥胖癥〕assumethatpeopleconsciouslyandrationallychoosewhatandhowmuchtheyeatandthereforefocusonprovidinginformationandmoreaccesstohealthierfoods,”notethetworesearchers.“Incontrast,”theresearcherscontinue,“manyregulationsthatdon’tassumepeoplemakerationalchoiceshavebeensuccessfullyappliedtocontrolalcohol,asubstance—likefood—ofwhichimmoderateconsumptionleadstoserioushealthproblems.”Theresearchreferencesstudiesofpeople’sbehaviorwithfoodandalcoholandresultsofalcoholrestrictions,andthenlistsfiveregulationsthattheresearchersthinkmightbepromisingifappliedtojunkfoods.Amongthem:Densityrestrictions:licensestosellalcoholaren’thandedoutunplannedtoallcomersbutareallotted〔安排〕basedonthenumberofplacesinanareathatalreadysellalcohol.Thesemakealcohollesseasytogetandreducethenumberofpsychologicalcuestodrink.Similarly,theresearcherssay,beingpresentedwithjunkfoodstimulatesourdesiretoeatit.Sowhynotlimitthedensityoffoodoutlets,particularlyonesthatsellfoodrichinemptycalories?Andwhynotlimitsaleoffoodinplacesthataren’tprimarilyfoodstores?Displayandsalesrestrictions:Californiahasaruleprohibitingalcoholdisplaysnearthecashregistersingasstations,andinmostplacesyoucan’tbuyalcoholatdrive -throughfacilities.Atsupermarkets,foodcompaniespaytohavetheirwares inplaceswherethey’reeasilyseen.Onecouldremovejunkfoodtothebackofthestoreandbanthemfromtheshelvesatcheckoutlines.Theothermeasuresincluderestrictingportionsizes,taxingandprohibitingspecialpricedealsforjunkfoods,andplacingwarninglabelsontheproducts.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutjunkfood?Peopleshouldbeeducatednottoeattoomuch.Itiswidelyconsumeddespiteitsillreputation.Itstemptationistoostrongforpeopletoresist.Itcausesmoreharmthanisgenerallyrealized.WhatdotheRandresearchersthinkofmanyofthepolicymeasurestocontrolobesity?Theyshouldbeimplementedeffectively.Theyprovidemisleadinginformation.Theyarebasedonwrongassumptions.Theyhelppeoplemakerationalchoices.Whydopolicymakersofalcoholcontrolplacedensityrestrictions?Fewpeopleareabletoresistalcohol’stemptations.Therearealreadytoomanystoressellingalcohol.Drinkingstrongalcoholcancausesocialproblems.Easyaccessleadstocustomers’over-consumption.WhatisthepurposeofCalifornia’sruleaboutalcoholdisplayingasstations?Toeffectivelylimitthedensityofalcoholoutlets.Tohelpdriverstogiveupthehabitofdrinking.Topreventpossibletrafficjamsinnearbyareas.Togetalcoholoutofdrivers’immediatesight.WhatisthegeneralguidelinetheRandresearcherssuggestaboutjunkfoodcontrol?Guidingpeopletomakerationalchoicesaboutfood.Enhancingpeople’sawarenessoftheirownhealth.Borrowingideasfromalcoholcontrolmeasures.Resortingtoeconomic,legalandpsychologicalmeans.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Kodak’sdecisiontofileforbankruptcy〔破產(chǎn)〕protectionisasad,thoughnotunexpected,turningpointforaleadingAmericancorporationthatpioneeredconsumerphotographyanddominatedthefilmmarketfordecades,butultimatelyfailedtoadapttothedigitalrevolution.AlthoughmanyattributeKodak’sdownfallto“complacency(自滿),”thatexplanationdoesn’tacknow-ledgethelengthstowhichthecompanywenttoreinventitself.Decadesago,Kodakanticipatedthatdigitalphotographywouldovertakefilm —andinfact,Kodakinventedthefirstdigitalcamerain1975 —butinafatefuldecision,thecompanychosetoshelfitsnewdiscoverytofocusonitstraditionalfilmbusiness.Itwasn’tthatKodakwasblindtothefuture,saidRebeccaHenderson,aprofessoratHarvardBusinessSchool,butratherthatitfailedtoexecuteonastrategytoconfrontit.Bythetimethecompanyrealizeditsmistake,itwastoolate.Kodakisanexampleofafirmthatwasverymuchawarethattheyhadtoadapt,andspentalotofmoneytryingtodoso,butultimatelyfailed.Largecompanieshaveadifficulttimeswitchingintonewmarketsbecausethereisatemptationtoputexistingassetsintothenewbusinesses.AlthoughKodakanticipatedtheinevitableriseofdigitalphotography,itscorporat企業(yè)的〕culturewastoorootedinthesuccessesofthepastforittomakethecleanbreaknecessarytofullyembracethefuture.Theywereacompanystuckintime.Theirhistorywassoimportanttothem.Nowtheirhistoryhasbecomealiability.Kodak’sdownfalloverthelastseveraldecadeswasdramatic.In1976,thecompanycommanded90%ofthemarketforphotographicfilmand85%ofthemarketforcameras.Butthe1980sbroughtnewcompetitionfromJapanesefilmcompanyFujiPhoto,whichunderminedKodakbyofferinglowerpricesforfilmandphotosupplies.Kodak’sdecisionnottopursuetheroleofofficialfilmforthe1984LosAngelesOlympicswasamajormiscalculation.ThebidwentinsteadtoFuji,whichexploiteditssponsorshiptowinapermanentfootholdinthemarketplace.WhatdowelearnaboutKodak?Itwentbankruptallofasudden.Itisapproachingitsdownfall.Itinitiatedthedigitalrevolutioninthefilmindustry.Itisplayingadominantroleinthefilmmarket.WhydoestheauthormentionKodak’sinventionofthefirstdigitalcamera?Toshowitsearlyattempttoreinventitself.Toshowitsefforttoovercomecomplacency.Toshowitsquickadaptationtothedigitalrevolution.ToshowitswilltocompetewithJapan’sFujiphoto.Whydolargecompanieshavedifficultyswitchingtonewmarkets?Theyfinditcostlytogiveuptheirexistingassets.Theytendtobeslowinconfrontingnewchallenges.Theyareunwillingtoinvestinnewtechnology.Theyaredeeplystuckintheirgloriouspast.WhatdoestheauthorsayKodak’shistoryhasbecome?Aburden.Amirror.Ajoke.Achallenge.WhatwasKodak’sfatalmistake?Itsblindfaithintraditionalphotography.ItsfailuretoseeFujiphoto’semergence.Itsrefusaltosponsorthe1984Olympics.Itsoverconfidenceinitscorporateculture.PassageOne了這個(gè)問(wèn)題但還是照吃不誤。為此蘭德公司的兩位爭(zhēng)論人員提出了一個(gè)建議它們用在食品的銷(xiāo)售地點(diǎn)和陳設(shè)方式上呢？地運(yùn)用在掌握酒精飲料上。而酒精飲料這種東西和食品一樣，假設(shè)無(wú)度攝取就會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)峻這一爭(zhēng)論參考了對(duì)人們對(duì)待食品和酒精飲料的表現(xiàn)的爭(zhēng)論和限制酒精飲料的效果列出了爭(zhēng)論者們認(rèn)為用在垃圾食品上可能會(huì)有效果的五條措施。這些措施如下：。爭(zhēng)論者認(rèn)為，與之類(lèi)似，面對(duì)垃圾食品刺激了我們想吃它的欲望。所以，為什么不限營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)不是食品的商店的食品銷(xiāo)售呢？賬處的架子上。其他措施包括限制重量大小、收稅、制止垃圾食品特價(jià)銷(xiāo)售，還有在產(chǎn)品上放置警告標(biāo)簽?！究傇u(píng)】這是一篇爭(zhēng)論掌握垃圾食品消費(fèi)的談?wù)撐?。文章介紹了Rand公司兩位爭(zhēng)論人員的么做的緣由以及一些具體條例。.Itstemptationistoostrongforpeopletoresist.Junkfood定位至文章第一段。由“Junkfoodiseverywhere.We”reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofuswtegandteotanywa.

垃圾食品無(wú)處不在，這樣的食品我們吃得實(shí)在是太多了，我們大多數(shù)人都知道我們?cè)谧鍪裁?，但是我們還是在這么做品對(duì)人們的誘惑實(shí)在是太強(qiáng)了，以至于人們無(wú)法抵抗。選項(xiàng)B中的“illreputation”在文中沒(méi)有提到，所以，正確答案為C。答案：C.Theyarebasedonwrongassumptions. 解析】推理題。由關(guān)鍵詞policymeasures,yyysoly肥胖癥assumethatpeopleconsciouslyandrationallychoosewhatandhowmuchtheyeat很多掌握肥胖癥的政)contrast…manyregulationsthatdon”tassumepeoplemakerationalchoiceshavebeensuccessfullyappliedtocontrolalcohol〔那些沒(méi)有假定人們會(huì)作出理智選擇的規(guī)章條例在控酒方面取得了成功以，正確答案為C。.yaccessso”.These〔densityrestrictions〕makealcoholsyotandeerflso.

可知，由于購(gòu)置的途徑酒類(lèi)飲品的數(shù)量。所以，正確答案為D。解析推理題由關(guān)鍵詞California定位至文章最終一段。Displayandsalesrestrictions:Californiahasaruleprohibitingalcoholdisplaysnearthecashregistersingasstations,andinmostplacesyoucan’tbuyalcoholatdrive-throughfacilities.Atsupermarkets,foodcompaniespaytohavetheirwaresinplaceswherethey”reeasilyseen.Onecouldremovejunkfoodtothebackofthestoreandbanthemfromtheshelvesatcheckoutlines.display，由此可知主要強(qiáng)調(diào)要把垃圾食品淡出人們的視線。所以，正確答案為D。答案：C.Borrowingideasfromalcoholcontrolmeasures.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。由關(guān)鍵詞Randresearchers定位到其次段。文中提到“Sohere”sasuggestionofferedbytworesearchersattheRandCorporation:Whynottakealessonfromalcoholcontrolpoliciesandapplythemtowherefoodissoldandhowit”sdisplayed?takealessonborrowideas，由此可知，Rand公司的爭(zhēng)論人員建議借鑒控酒措施的閱歷，所以，正確答案為C。PassageTwo柯達(dá)打算申請(qǐng)破產(chǎn)保護(hù)雖然并不出人意料哀痛?？逻_(dá)是攝影消費(fèi)的先驅(qū)，主導(dǎo)膠卷市場(chǎng)幾十年，最終卻沒(méi)能適應(yīng)數(shù)字革命。盡管很多人將柯達(dá)的隕落歸咎于“自滿1975閣，認(rèn)真從事它的傳統(tǒng)膠卷事業(yè)。RebeccaHenderson認(rèn)為，柯達(dá)并不是沒(méi)看到將來(lái)的進(jìn)展趨勢(shì)，而是沒(méi)能執(zhí)行面對(duì)將來(lái)的戰(zhàn)略。等到公司意識(shí)到它的錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，已經(jīng)太晚了。產(chǎn)投放到的生意中?？逻_(dá)雖然預(yù)見(jiàn)到了數(shù)碼攝影的崛起是不行避開(kāi)的在時(shí)間里的公司。它的歷史對(duì)它來(lái)說(shuō)太重要了。如今它的歷史成為了一種負(fù)擔(dān)?？逻_(dá)在過(guò)去幾十年中的隕落是戲劇性的。1976年，這家公司占據(jù)著攝影膠卷市場(chǎng)90%85%2080年月來(lái)自日本的膠卷公司富士的1984年洛杉磯奧運(yùn)會(huì)官方指定膠卷的打算是一次嚴(yán)峻失算。富士贏得了這次招標(biāo)，并利用其贊助身份在市場(chǎng)中穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地站住了腳跟。，等意識(shí)到錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，已經(jīng)為時(shí)已晚，并最終走向衰敗strategy〔sponsorship〔贊助anticipate〔預(yù)期、估量〕等，難度并不算小。所以尋常對(duì)于詞匯的積存是快速理解閱讀內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵。答案：B.It”sapproachingitsdownfall.bankruptcy(破產(chǎn))AlthoughmanyattributeKodak”sdownfallto“complacency“...可知柯達(dá)Basad,thoughnotunexpectedturningpointA.Itwentbankruptallofasudden；依據(jù)第一段最終一句