課時(shí)作業(yè)(五)Unit2SectionⅡUsinglanguageⅠ.閱讀理解AThewordproactivityisfairlymoninmanagementliterature,butyouwon'tfinditinthedictionary.Itmeansthatasahumanbeingyoutakeresponsibilityforyourownlife.Lookatthewordresponsibility:theabilitytochooseyourresponse,response-ability.Effectivepeopleareproactivebecausetheytakeresponsibility.Theirbehaviorisaproductoftheirowndecisions,basedonvalues,ratherthanbeingaproductoftheirownconditions,basedonfeelings.Forinstance,youareplanningapicnicwithyourfamily.You'reexcited.Youhaveallthepreparations.You'vedecidedwheretogo,andthenitbeesstormy,killingyourplan.Proactivepeoplecarry_weather_within_them.Theyrealizewhattheirpurposereallywas,andtheycreativelyhaveapicnicelsewhereevenifit'sintheirownbasementwithsomespecialgames,andmakethebestofthatsituation.Theoppositeofbeingproactiveistobereactive.Reactivepeoplewouldsay,“What'stheuse？”“Wecan'tdoanything.”“Oh,thisissoupsettingafterallofourpreparationsandarrangements.”Theytrytopersuadethepeoplearoundthemandusuallythepicnicwillbecancelled.Beingproactiveisreallyjustbeingtruetoyourhumannature.Yourbasicnatureistoact,andnottobeactedupon.That'strue,despitewidespreadtheoriesofdeterminismusedtoexplainhumannature.Determinismsaysthatyoudon'treallychooseanythingandthatwhatyoucallchoicesarenothingmorethanautomaticresponsestooutsideconditions.Thelanguageofreactivepeopleislike:“Ican't.”“Don'thavetime.”“Ihaveto.”“Imust.”Thewholespiritofthatlanguageisthetransferofresponsibility.Theythinkthingsaredeterminedbytheirenvironment,orbytheirconditions,orbytheirconditioningortheirgeneticmakeup.Psychologically,peoplewhobelievetheyaredeterminedwillproducetheevidencetosupportthebelief,andtheyincreasinglyfeelvictimizedandoutofcontrol.They'renotinchargeoftheirlifeatall.Onthecontrary,aproactivepersonexercisesfreewillandisfreetochoosetheresponsethatbestappliestohisvalues.Inthatway,hegainscontroloverthecircumstances,ratherthanbeingcontrolledbythem.1．Accordingtothepassage,aproactiveperson'sbehaviorcanresultfrom________.A．theenvironmentB．a(chǎn)ninnerbeliefC．thegeneticmakeupD．a(chǎn)temporaryfeeling2．Whatdoes“carryweatherwithinthem”inthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A．Managetoimprovetheweather.B．Giveintotheweatherpassively.C．Stresstheinfluenceoftheweather.D．Findasolutiontotheweatherproblem.3．Whenapicnicplanisthreatenedbyasuddenstorm,reactivepeoplewillprobably________.A．havethepicnicasplannedB．makethebestofthepicnicC．plainandgiveupthepicnicD．findsomewhereelseforthepicnic4．Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatdeterminists(宿命論者)________.A．a(chǎn)cceptthingspassivelyB．a(chǎn)reinchargeofthemselvesC．a(chǎn)resimilartoproactivepeopleD．respondtooutsideconditionsactivelyBToniMorrisonwasanAmericanwriterwhoreceivedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature.Hernovels,Beloved,SongofSolomonandothersexploredthewayAfrican-Americanssearchforfreedomandidentityinacountryobsessed(受困擾的)withskincolour.Morrisonwasnearly40whenshepublishedherfirstnovelTheBluestEyein1970.TheNobelPrizemitteedescribedherwritingas“l(fā)anguageitself,alanguageshewantstoliberatefromrace”.HernovelsdiscussedAmerica'spast,focusingonblackhistoryandtheeffectsofslaveryandracism.Shecalledhercharacters“theunfreeattheheartofthedemocratic(民主的)experiment”．In1988,shewonthePulitzerPrizeforhernovelBeloved,thestoryofamotherwhokillsherbabydaughterratherthanpermithertoreturntoslavery.Itbecameabest-sellerandwaslatermadeintoafilm.ManyAmericansadmiredherasthecountry'sgreatestwriter,includingformerPresidentBarackObama.Shewasbornin1931.SheattendedHowardUniversity,anall-blackuniversityinWashington,DC.AtHoward,shereadAfrican,BritishandAmericanliterature,includingwritersWilliamFaulknerandVirginiaWoolf.Afterashortmarriage,shebecameasinglemotheroftwosonsandworkedasabookeditorinNewYork.SeveralpublishersrejectedherfirstbookTheBluestEye,butitimpressedTheNewYorkTimes'bookcritic(評(píng)論家)JohnLeonard,whobelievedMorrisonwasanimportantnewvoice.Hesaidherwritingwas“sofullofpainandwonderthatthenovelbeespoetry”．MorrisonenjoyedherliteraryfameandwasproudofherNobelPrize.5．WhatareToniMorrison'sbooksmainlyabout?A．Women'sequalityandrights.B．ThedevelopmentofAmerica.C．TheliteratureofAmerica.D．Blackhistoryandracism.6．WhichofthefollowinghelpedToniMorrisonreceivethePulitzerPrize?A．Beloved.B．SongofSolomon.C．TheBluestEye.D．TheNewYorkTimes.7．WhyisformerPresidentBarackObamamentioned?A．ToshowBarackObama'ssupportinliterature.B．ToproveToniMorrison'sgreatnessasawriter.C．TostressToniMorrison'scontributiontoAmerica.D．ToremindreadersoftheskincolourofBarackObama.8．WhatcanweinferfromJohnLeonard'swords?A．HethoughthighlyofMorrison.B．HerejectedthebookTheBluestEye.C．ThebookTheBluestEyemadehimpainful.D．ToniMorrison'sbookwashardtounderstand.Ⅱ.七選五Hopeisthemostpowerfulmotivatingforce(驅(qū)動(dòng)力)thathelpspeopletooverethedifficulties.__1__youneedtheguidingforcetokeepyoumovingtowardyourgoals.Hopekeepsyouonyourfeetandmakesyoumuchstronger.Hopeisyourstrengthandinnerfaithinthebattleofyourlife.__2__youloseeverything.Youdohardworkandmakeagreatefforttosucceedinlifebutfail.Thatmakesyouupsetanddepressed.Youdonotknowwhattodo.Atthattimehopeestoyourrescueandgivesyouencouragement.__3__Hopeincreasestheproductivity,efficiencyandcreativityofpeople.Ahopefulpersonisapositivepersonwhocansucceedinanyfieldofhischoice.__4__Thebestservicewecandotomankindisgivinghopetohopelesspeople.__5__Yes,hopegivesmeaningtolifeaswithouthopethereisnoreasontolive.Givehopetopeopleandtheywillbeemorecreativeandmoreproductive.Hopeisvitaltothelifeofeveryperson.Besides,hopeisnecessarynotonlyforlifebutalsoforlivingahealthylife.Hopeisthebestmedicinethatkeepsawayfromtension,depression,despair,highbloodpressureandotherhealthproblems.Ihadtwobigheartattacksandwhileattheedgeofdeath,IhadhopethatIwouldsurvive.Andthehopeofgettingwellkeptmealive.A．Ahopelesspersonisafailedpersonwhocanneversucceedinlife.B．Haveyoueverlosthopeandfeltsorryforyourself?C．Sinceyou'refullofhopeforthefuture，D．Youtryonemoretimeandsucceed.E．Intheupsanddownsoflife，F(xiàn)．Ishopenecessaryforlife?G．Ifyoulosehope，課時(shí)作業(yè)(五)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了積極的人和消極的人的區(qū)別，例如在遭遇天氣不好野餐計(jì)劃擱淺的時(shí)候，積極的人會(huì)想辦法進(jìn)行野餐，而消極的人會(huì)直接取消計(jì)劃。積極的人行為動(dòng)力來自內(nèi)心，而消極的人卻由周圍的環(huán)境左右其決定。1．答案與解析：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段前兩句Beingproactiveisreallyjustbeingtruetoyourhumannature.Yourbasicnatureistoact，andnottobeactedupon.可知，積極主動(dòng)其實(shí)就是忠于你的人性。人的本性是行動(dòng)，而不是任人擺布。由此可知一個(gè)積極的人，他的行動(dòng)源于他的內(nèi)心和本性。故選B。2．答案與解析：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段畫線部分后面的內(nèi)容Theyrealizewhattheirpurposereallywas,andtheycreativelyhaveapicnicelsewhereevenifit'sintheirownbasementwithsomespecialgames...可知積極的人明白他們真正的目的是什么，盡管天氣對(duì)計(jì)劃不利，但他們會(huì)選擇合適的地方，即使是在自家的地下室里進(jìn)行一些特別的游戲，最終達(dá)到目的。所以當(dāng)環(huán)境不利于計(jì)劃的時(shí)候，積極的人會(huì)創(chuàng)造性地想出解決方法，達(dá)到目的。由此推斷，第二段的“carryweatherwithinthem”可能是指找到解決天氣問題的辦法。故選D。3．答案與解析：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Theytrytopersuadethepeoplearoundthemandusuallythepicnicwillbecancelled.可知消極的人會(huì)試圖說服他們周圍的人并最后取消野餐。所以當(dāng)野餐計(jì)劃受到突然的暴風(fēng)雨威脅時(shí)，消極的人可能會(huì)抱怨并放棄野餐。故選C。4．答案與解析：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Theythinkthingsaredeterminedbytheirenvironment,orbytheirconditions,orbytheirconditioningortheirgeneticmakeup.可知，消極的人認(rèn)為事情是由環(huán)境決定的，或由他們的條件或基因組成決定。再結(jié)合第二段野餐的例子可推斷出，消極的人在面對(duì)計(jì)劃不得不改變時(shí)，他們會(huì)抱怨但接受現(xiàn)實(shí)，而不會(huì)想辦法去創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。由此推斷出宿命論者消極地接受事物。故選A。B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了美國諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主托妮·莫里森的作品以情感熾熱、簡短而富有詩意，并對(duì)美國黑人生活的敏銳觀察而聞名。5．答案與解析：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的HernovelsdiscussedAmerica'spast,focusingonblackhistoryandtheeffectsofslaveryandracism.可知，她的小說主要是關(guān)于黑人歷史和種族歧視的。故選D項(xiàng)。6．答案與解析：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的In1988，shewonthePulitzerPrizeforhernovelBeloved可知，幫助她獲得普利策獎(jiǎng)的是小說《寵兒》。故選A項(xiàng)。7．答案與解析：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的ManyAmericansadmiredherasthecountry'sgreatestwriter,includingformerPresidentBarackObama.可推知，文中提到前總統(tǒng)奧巴馬是來證明托妮·莫里森作為作家的影響力之大。故選B項(xiàng)。8．答案與解析：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的．..JohnLeonard，whobelievedMorrisonwasanimportantnewvoice.Hesaidherwritingwas“sofullofpainandwonderthatthenovelbeespoetry”．可知，約翰·倫納德對(duì)莫里森評(píng)價(jià)很高。故選A項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.七選五【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要討論希望對(duì)于人的重要性：希望是最強(qiáng)大的驅(qū)動(dòng)力，幫助人