第第頁(yè)高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)重難點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法之定語(yǔ)從句講解課件(共58張PPT)(共58張PPT)

定語(yǔ)從句

概念

定語(yǔ)可以是形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、分詞、副詞、不定式以及介詞短語(yǔ)和句子，定語(yǔ)從句在句中的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，所以又稱為形容詞性從句。P86

概念

IadmireZhongNanshan[whoisdevotedhimselftomedicineinChina].

先行詞

關(guān)系詞

定語(yǔ)從句

一．關(guān)系詞

定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞，連接先行詞與從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。

1.who/whom，兩者都指人，who可以做定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，而whom作賓語(yǔ)。大部分情況whom可以用who代替，但是從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)，且直接跟在介詞后面，只能用whom。P123-1

關(guān)系代詞：

Heisthemanwholivesnextdoor.

Somepeoplewhoaresuccessfullanguagelearners

oftenfailinotherfields.

YesterdayIcameacrossthemanaboutwhomyou

talkedlasttime.

常用介詞：of,on,at,from,with,in,for

1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.

A.whoB.which

C.whomD.when

2.whose一般指人，但有時(shí)也指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。指物時(shí)，whose+名詞=限定詞+名詞+ofwhich或者ofwhich+限定詞+名詞

DoyouknowthegirlwhoseJapaneseisexcellent

Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.

=Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichisgreen.

Doyouworknearthebuilding____colourisyellow

A.thatB.whichC.itsD.whose

3.which一般指物，作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等

ThetrainwhichhasjustleftisforHangzhou.

2.Tomdidnottakeawaythecameraalthoughitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.

A.whichB.that

C.whomD.as

4.that可指人，也可指物，指人可以與who/whom互換，指物可以與which互換。

Jackisnolongertheperson(that/who/whom)Imetfiveyearsago.

Thepackagewhich/thatyouarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.

5.as可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

當(dāng)先行詞前有as/so/such/thesame修飾時(shí)，as在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。（so...that...中that不作成分）

Ninaisnotsuchanintelligentasyouthink.

Iwantthesameshirtasmyfriendboughtyesterday.

Ihaveboughtthesamedress____sheiswearing.

A.whichB.thatC.asD.onwhich

當(dāng)先行詞是整個(gè)句子時(shí)，as則引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，作主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)。

Heisagreathero,asisdescribedinthereport.

Sheisafamousfilmstar,asweallknow.

關(guān)系副詞：1.when：在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

先行詞通常為time/day/morning/night/week/year等表示時(shí)間的詞。

IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirsttravelledbyplane.

2.where:作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

先行詞通常為place/spot/street/house/room/city/town/country等表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，它也可跟在from后面。

ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.

Thelittleboyhidhimselfbehindthedoor,fromwherehecouldseehismumentertheroom.

3.why作原因狀語(yǔ)，它的先行詞只有reason。

Isthisthereasonwhysherefusedouroffer

Idon’twanttolistentoanyreasonwhyyouwereabsent.

二．限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

1.限制性定語(yǔ)從句：它修飾和限定先行詞，不用逗號(hào)和主句隔開(kāi)。如果去掉從句則會(huì)讓句子的意思含糊不清。

Adoctorisapersonwhocurespatients.

ThisisthehousewhichIboughtlastyear.

2.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：

對(duì)先行詞沒(méi)有特別限定的從句，常由who/whom/which/whose/aswhen/where等關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)。

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句翻譯時(shí)通常不翻譯成定語(yǔ)，而是與主句并列的句子。

HelivesinBeijing,whichisatwo-hourdrivefromhere.

ThisnotewasleftbyTom,whowashereamomentago.

Hetoreupmyphoto,____upsetme.

A.thatB.whichC.itsD.whose

Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.

A.itB.whichC.thatD.he

介詞+關(guān)系代詞

介詞+which有時(shí)可以代替when/where/why，此外還有介詞+whom/whose等結(jié)構(gòu)。

When=onwhichwhere=inwhichwhy=forwhichthat=in/duringwhich

Thisisthetowninwhich（where）Shakespearewasborn.

Iwillneverforgetthedaysonwhich（when）westudiedtogether.

There’snoreasonforwhich（why）weshouldn’tbefriends.

Therearevarietiesofwaysinwhich（that）wecansolvethisproblem.

此類結(jié)構(gòu)還常見(jiàn)有some/several/afew/alittle/many/more/most/thelargest+ofwhich/whom

PeopleatthemeetingwerealmostexpertsonDNA,mostofwhom（ofwhommost）camefromtheUS.

Theforeignguests,______weregovernmentofficials,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.

A.mostofthem

B.mostofthat

C.mostofwhom

D.mostofthose

定語(yǔ)從句連詞用法總結(jié)

that人+物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)

which

who

whom

whose

when

where

why

as

定語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)換為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

ThegirlwhoisdancingnowjustreturnedfromKorea.從句

Thegirl(whois)dancingnowjustreturnedfromKorea.

非謂語(yǔ)

Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone

Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone

Theman____aroundourschoolisfromAmerica.

A.whichyoushowed

B.youshowedhim

C.youshowed

D.whereyoushowed

Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.

A.whomB.who

C.towhomD.whom

注意事項(xiàng)

1.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的省略：

關(guān)系代詞在從句中做賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)且不直接跟在介詞后時(shí)

Ihaveneverbeentothecity（that/which）youjustvisited.

Generationgapisaproblem（that）herparentsaregreatlyconcernedabout.

先行詞theplace/thereason/way表示方式、方法時(shí)，關(guān)系副詞常常省略。

That’stheplace（where）helivedwhenhewasinParis.

Thatwasthereason（why）Iaskedyoutocome.

Idon’tliketheway（that）youspeaktome.

2.用that而不用which的情況

（1）先行詞是all/little/few/much/something/anything/everything/nothing/none/some等不定代詞，或者被all/every/no/some/any/little/much/theonly/thevery/theright/thelast/few等詞修飾時(shí)

Hedideverythingthathecouldtohelpus.

Musicistheonlythingthatinterestsme.

（2）先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)

TheguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren’sPalace少年宮.

（3）主句是which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)

Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicscannotsolvethisproblem

（4）先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)或被它們修飾時(shí)

ThisisthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverread.

3.用which而不用that的情況

（1）關(guān)系代詞前有介詞

ThehouseinwhichIusedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop.

（2）在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中

HaveyoueverreadthefamousbookthegreatGatsby,whichwasmadeintoamovie

（3）先行詞本身就是that

Idon’tlikethatwhichhedid.

（4）關(guān)系代詞后有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)

HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,Ithink,canhelpimproveyourEnglish.

4.用who不用that的情況

（1）先行詞是one/ones/anyone時(shí)

（2）先行詞是指人的those時(shí)

（3）先行詞指人且有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)或離先行詞太遠(yuǎn)時(shí)

Theboywascryinghardwholosthiswaywhilelookingforhismother.

5.as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

這兩個(gè)詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞為整個(gè)主句。

（1）as引導(dǎo)的從句表示說(shuō)話人的看法、態(tài)度、解釋或評(píng)論，意為“正如，像”，常和see/know/hear/watch/remember/say/tell/show/expect/guess等詞形成固定搭配

Einstein,asweknow,isafamousscientist.

Therewasacoffeebararoundhere,asIremember.

（2）which指前面所提到的事，常翻譯為“這一點(diǎn)或者這件事”，從句一般位于主句之后。

Hewenttherejustforshowingoff,whichwasdisgraceful.

（3）在從句中作定語(yǔ)或者介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用which

Lilymightpossiblycome,inwhichcaseI’llaskher.

（4）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的be動(dòng)詞不能省略時(shí)，用which，反之用as

Janetoldmeshewonthematch,whichwasalie.

As(was)planned,wemetattheairport.

6.介詞+關(guān)系代詞

介詞+which有時(shí)可以代替when/where/why，此外還有介詞+whom/whose等結(jié)構(gòu)。

when=onwhichwhere=inwhich

why=forwhich

Thisisthetowninwhich/______Shakespearewasborn.

Iwillneverforgetthedaysonwhich/______westudiedtogether.

There’snoreasonforwhich/____weshouldn’tbefriends.

where

when

why

關(guān)系代詞前的介詞依據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配、與先行詞搭配的具體意義、所表達(dá)的意思等來(lái)確定。

Iboughtmanybooks,onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.

I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.

8.定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致

關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)由先行詞保持一致。主句若為oneof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，從句前若為the（only）oneof/thevery/right+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

Anyonewho_____questionstoask,pleasecometomyofficethisafternoon.

Thatisoneofthemostvaluabledictionariesthat_______appearedinrecentyears.

Heistheonlyoneofthoseworkerswho___abletodothisjob.

has

h