SectionⅢUsinglanguage&Writing

語法專項突破寫作能力提升課后限時訓(xùn)練名著賞析?素養(yǎng)提能省略為了避免重復(fù)，或為了使句子更簡練，在一些句子中常常省去一個或某幾個成分，這種語法現(xiàn)象在英語中叫省略。在英語句子中，常見的省略情況有以下幾種：一、并列句中的省略在由and或but連接的并列句中，常省略一些重復(fù)的詞或詞組。1．省略共同的主語或賓語?！鬞ompickedupabookonthefloorand(Tom)handedittotheteacher.湯姆在地板上撿起了一本書并把它交給了老師。2．若主語不同，而謂語部分的系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞相同，則省略后面的系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞。◆JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.杰克肯定一直在踢足球，瑪麗肯定一直在做作業(yè)。3．若主語與謂語動詞相同，則省略后面的主謂成分?！鬑isadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.他的建議使我高興，卻使吉姆生氣。4．若主語不同，但主要動詞及后續(xù)部分相同，則省略主要動詞及后續(xù)部分?！鬑ehasaknowledgeoffirstaidbuthisfrienddoesn't(haveaknowledgeoffirstaid)．他具備急救知識，但他朋友不具備。二、復(fù)合句中的省略1．狀語從句的省略(1)在when,while,if,asif,though,although,as,until,once,whether,unless,whenever等連接的狀語從句中，當從句主語跟主句主語相同且從句謂語中含有系動詞be或從句的主語為it時，則從句中主語和be動詞常被省略?！鬉s(itis)scheduled，weparticipatedinseveralinstructiveactivities.按照計劃安排，我們參加了幾個有指導(dǎo)意義的活動?！鬢henever(itis)possible,theywouldstophimandaskhimthethreequestions.只要有可能，他們就讓他停下并問他這三個問題。◆Lookoutforcarswhen(youare)crossingthestreet.過街時要當心車輛。[溫馨提示](1)省略句中的謂語動詞和主語之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞；若構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，則使用過去分詞；若謂語動詞表示的動作尚未發(fā)生，則使用不定式。◆When(itis)heated,icecanbeturnedintowater.加熱的時候冰可以變成水。(2)在than,as等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中常省略某些成分?！鬞heydon'tusemorewaterthan(itis)necessary.他們使用的水沒有超出需要量。◆HerunsasfastasBob(runs)．他和鮑勃跑得一樣快。2．定語從句中的省略(1)在限制性定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that,which，whom可省略?！鬞hecomputer(which)Iwantedtobuywassoldout.我想買的那種電腦賣光了。(2)在定語從句中way作先行詞，且在句中充當方式狀語時，可省略引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞。◆Idon'tliketheway(that)hespeakstome.我不喜歡他對我說話的方式。(3)在以thesame...as...或such...as...引導(dǎo)的某些定語從句中，也可省略與主句相同的部分?！鬒havethesametroubleasyou(have)．我和你有同樣的困難。3．賓語從句的省略(1)及物動詞后接賓語從句時，連接詞that一般可以省略；但如果及物動詞接兩個或兩個以上that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，那么只有第一個that可以省略。◆Idobelieve(that)Iamveryqualifiedforthisvoluntarywork，becauseIhaveagoodcommandofspokenEnglish.我的確相信我適合這個志愿者工作，因為我精通英語口語。◆Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.他說這篇課文很重要，我們應(yīng)該牢記在心。(2)when,where,how和why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句有時可以僅保留引導(dǎo)詞。◆IknowthatamoviestarwillcometoourcitybutIdon'tknowwhen(hewillcometoourcity)．我知道一個電影明星將要來我們市，但我不知道他什么時候來。三、其他的省略情況1．動詞不定式的省略(1)當不定式在形容詞afraid,anxious,eager,glad,happy,ready,willing等后作狀語時，to后的內(nèi)容常省略。◆Youcan'tforcehimtoanswerthequestionifhe'snotreadyto(answerthequestion)．如果他不愿意回答這個問題，你不能強迫他。(2)某些使役動詞，如make,let,have等和感官動詞，如see,watch,notice,observe,hear等后面作賓補的不定式須省略to，但若這些動詞用于被動語態(tài)，則to不省略?！鬢eoftenhearhersinganEnglishsongintheclassroom.→SheisoftenheardtosinganEnglishsongintheclassroom.(被動語態(tài))我們經(jīng)常聽見她在教室唱英文歌。(3)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符號to。但若兩個不定式之間表示對比關(guān)系時，不能省略to?！鬑elikestoswimmorethan(to)skate.比起溜冰他更喜歡游泳?！鬑ebelievesitimportanttostudyratherthantomakefriends.(比較)他認為最重要的是學習而不是交朋友。(4)當不定式在某些動詞后作賓語時，?？墒÷詔o后的內(nèi)容。常見的動詞有agree,afford,expect,forget,hope,manage,pretend,remember,refuse,want,wish,wouldlike等?！簟猈illyougotothecinemawithme?—I'dliketo(gowithyou)．——你愿意和我一起去看電影嗎？——我愿意。(5)介詞but,except(除了)前有實義動詞do的某種形式時，后面的不定式不帶to?！鬉llhecoulddowasnothingbutwaitandsee.他所能做的只有等著瞧。(6)當不定式在begoingto,beableto,haveto,oughtto,usedto后作復(fù)合謂語時，不定式可省略。◆Theydidn'tvisittheirparentsasmuchastheyoughtto(visittheirparents)．他們應(yīng)該多看望父母，但他們沒有。2．使用so，not等時的省略為了避免重復(fù)前面所說過的內(nèi)容，替代詞so/not替代肯定或否定的名詞性從句，與believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I'mafraid等連用。so表示贊同前述的事實，not表示不贊同前述的事實。◆—HassheeverbeentoLondon?—Idon'tthinkso.(＝Idon'tthinkshehaseverbeentoLondon.)——她曾到過倫敦嗎？——我想她沒去過。◆—Willitraintomorrow?—Ihopenot.(＝Ihopeitwon'traintomorrow.)——明天會下雨嗎？——我希望不會?！簟狢anyoucomenextweek?—I'mafraidnot.(＝I'mafraidthatIcannotcome.)——你下星期能來嗎？——恐怕我不能來。Ⅰ.用省略句改寫下列句子1．WhenIwasaskedhowtogettothetrainstation,Itoldhimrightaway.→_________________________________________,Itoldhimrightaway.2．Youcanaskmybrotherforhelpifitisnecessary.→Youcanaskmybrotherforhelp_______________.3．Wedon'tgotothecinemaasmuchasweusedtogotothecinema.→Wedon'tgotothecinema____________________.Whenaskedhowtogettothetrainstationifnecessary

asmuchasweusedto4．Nomatterhowfrequentlytheyareperformed,theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.→__________________________________，theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.5．Iftheexperimentcanbedonecarefully,itissuretosucceed.→____________________，theexperimentissuretosucceed.6．WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.→________________________________，Iheardmynamecalled.Nomatterhowfrequentlyperformed

IfdonecarefullyWhilewalkingalongthestreet7．Whenitispossible,peopleshouldusereproducibleenergyinsteadoffossilenergy.→________________，peopleshouldusereproducibleenergyinsteadoffossilenergy.8．Helookedeverywhereasifhewasinsearchofsomething.→Helookedeverywhere______________________________.Whenpossible

asifinsearchofsomething

9．Thoughhewastired,hekeptonworkinginthefield.→____________________，hekeptonworkinginthefield.10．Theboyusedtoplaywiththeknifethoughhisfathertoldhimnottoplaywiththeknife.→Theboyusedtoplaywiththeknifethoughhisfather____________________.ThoughtiredtoldhimnottoⅡ.語法與寫作1．除非你被邀請發(fā)言，否則你應(yīng)該在這次會議上保持沉默。____________________，youshouldremainsilentattheconference.2．亨利通過期末考試的可能性很小，但他仍希望通過。Henryislesslikelytopasstheend-of-termexam,buthestill_______________.3．他們的友誼一旦失去，就無法再挽回。______________，theirfriendshipwon'tbewonback.Unlessinvitedtospeak

hopesto

Oncelost4．在那家意大利餐館里，我很難在菜單上找到合適的食物。I__________________________________________onthemenuinthatItalianrestaurant.5．讓我驚訝的是，我兒子的作業(yè)比預(yù)期完成得要好。Tomysurprise,mysonfinishedhishomework____________________.hadgreatdifficultyfindingthesuitablefood

betterthanexpected指導(dǎo)性說明文[文體分析]本寫作任務(wù)要求寫安全指南，屬于指導(dǎo)性說明文。此類寫作的特點是：目的明確、簡潔明了、步驟清晰、操作性強。句型以祈使句為主，時態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時為主，人稱多用第一人稱或第二人稱。本文可分三部分：第一部分：引入話題(比如：遇到有人溺水怎么辦)；第二部分：說明如何施救；第三部分：總結(jié)全文(說明實施急救的重要性)。[常用句式]1．Weshouldcheckwhetherthepersoncanbreatheornot.2．Usethemouth-to-mouthmethodwithinfiveminutes.3．Laythepatientdownonacoatorsleepingbagifpossible.4．Coverthewoundwithabandageorapieceofdrycleancloth.5．Don'ttrytomovethepersonunlessheisindanger.6．Don'tgivethepersonanythingtoeatordrink.[寫作要求]假設(shè)你是李華，你們學校的英語網(wǎng)站正面向全校學生征集有關(guān)安全指南的英文稿件。請你給該網(wǎng)站投稿，介紹交通事故方面的急救常識。內(nèi)容包括：1．首先保持鎮(zhèn)靜；2．檢查傷者呼吸情況，呼吸困難要實施人工呼吸；3．如傷者有出血情況要用布按壓止血，然后等候救護車及警察的幫助。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。[審題謀篇]體裁說明文話題如何實施急救時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時人稱第二人稱[詞句推敲]1．詞匯①反應(yīng)____________________②幫助____________________③傷口____________________④核實____________________⑤注意____________________respond

assistance

wound

checkout

payattentionto2．句式①知道如何正確地應(yīng)對起著重要的作用。Knowinghowtorespondproperlycanmakeabigdifference.→_________________________________________canmakeabigdifference.(用強調(diào)句型改寫句子)②這里有一些規(guī)則。你可以遵守這些規(guī)則。Herearesomerules.Youcanfollowtheserules.→_____________________________________(用定語從句合并句子)ItisknowinghowtorespondproperlythatHerearesomerulesthatyoucanfollow.③如果有必要的話，要實施人工呼吸進行緊急救助。Ifitisnecessary,usethemouth-to-mouthtechniquetogiveimmediateassistance.→_______________，usethemouth-to-mouthtechniquetogiveimmediateassistance.(用省略句改寫句子)Ifnecessary[妙筆成篇]

[參考范文]FirstAidforAccidentsIfyouhappentowitnessanaccident,whatshouldyoudotosaveotherpeople'slives?Itisknowinghowtorespondproperlythatcanmakeabigdifference.Herearesomerulesthatyoucanfollow.Firstly,youmuststaycalmandcallthepoliceandanambulance.Next,payattentiontotheperson'sbreathing,especiallyifheishavingtroublegettinghisbreath.Ifnecessary,usethemouth-to-mouthtechniquetogiveimmediateassistance.Besides,iftheinjuredpersonisbleeding,pressacleantowelorclothontohiswound.Finally,staywiththeinjuredpersonandcomforthimuntilthearrivalofthepoliceandambulance.名著賞析·素養(yǎng)提能【導(dǎo)讀】

《誰動了我的奶酪？》是美國作家斯賓塞·約翰遜寫的一個寓言故事，每頁都配有主人公滑稽可愛、個性鮮明的漫畫形象。該書自1998年9月出版后，兩年中銷售2000萬冊，同時迅速躍居《紐約時報》《華爾街日報》《商業(yè)周刊》最暢銷圖書排行榜第一名。Whomovedmycheese？(excerpt)Once,longagoinalandfaraway,therelivedfourlittlecharacterswhoranthroughamazelookingforcheesetonourishthemandmakethemhappy.Twoweremicenamed“Sniff”and“Scurry”andtwowerelittlepeople—beingswhowereassmallasmicebutwholookedandactedalotlikepeopletoday.Theirnameswere“Hem”and“Haw”．Duetotheirsmallsize,itwouldbeeasynottonoticewhatthefourofthemweredoing.Butifyoulookedcloselyenough,youcoulddiscoverthemostamazingthings!Everyday,themiceandthelittlepeoplespenttimeintheMazelookingfortheirownspecialcheese.Themice,SniffandScurry,possessingonlysimplerodentbrains,butgoodinstincts,searchedforthehardnibblingcheesetheyliked,asmiceoftendo.Thetwolittlepeople,HemandHaw,usedtheirbrains,filledwithmanybeliefsandemotions,tosearchforaverydifferentkindofCheese—withacapitalC—whichtheybelievedwouldmakethemfeelhappyandsuccessful.Asdifferentasthemiceandlittlepeoplewere,theysharedsomethingincommon.Everymorning,theyeachputontheirjoggingsuitsandrunningshoes,lefttheirlittlehomes,andracedoutintotheMazelookingfortheirfavoritecheese.TheMazewasalabyrinthofcorridorsandchambers,somecontainingdeliciouscheese.Buttherewerealsodarkcornersandblindalleysleadingnowhere.Itwasaneasyplaceforanyonetogetlost.《誰動了我的奶酪？》(節(jié)選)從前，在一個遙遠的地方，住著四個小家伙。為了填飽肚子和享受樂趣，他們在一座迷宮里跑來跑去，在那里尋找一種叫“奶酪”的食物。有兩個小家伙是老鼠，一個叫“嗅嗅”，另一個叫“匆匆”。另外兩個家伙則是小矮人，和老鼠一般大小，但和人一個模樣，而且他們的行為也和我們今天的人類差不多。他們的名字，一個叫“哼哼”，另一個叫“唧唧”。由于他們四個實在太小了，他們在干什么當然不太會引起旁人的注意。但如果你湊近去仔細觀察，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)許多令人驚奇不已的事情！兩個老鼠和兩個小矮人每天都在迷宮中度過，在其中尋找他們各自喜歡的奶酪。嗅嗅、匆匆的大腦和其他嚙齒類動物的差不多一樣簡單，但他們有很好的直覺。和別的老鼠一樣，他們喜歡的是那種適合啃咬的、硬一點的奶酪。而那兩個小矮人，哼哼和唧唧，則靠腦袋行事，他們的腦袋里裝滿了各種信念和情感。他們要找的是一種特殊的帶字母“C”的奶酪。他們相信，這樣的奶酪會給他們帶來幸福，使他們成功。盡管小老鼠和小矮人的目標各不相同，但他們做的事情有些是差不多的。每天早上，他們會各自穿上運動服和慢跑鞋，離開他們的小房子，跑進迷宮尋找他們各自鐘愛的奶酪。迷宮中有許多曲折的走廊和好像蜂窩似的房間，其中的一些房間里藏著美味的奶酪，但有的地方則是黑暗的角落和隱蔽的死胡同，任何人走進去都很容易迷路。7．Once,longagoinalandfaraway,therelivedfourlittlecharacterswhoranthroughamazelookingforcheesetonourishthemandmakethemhappy.分析：該句中who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞characters；lookingforcheese是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。Unit6Disasterandhope

SectionAThe

Science

of

EarthquakesWhatisanearthquake?Thesurfaceoftheearthisdividedintodifferentpieces.Thesearecalledtectonic

plates①.Whentwoplatessuddenlyslippastoneanother,anearthquakehappens.Thisshakesthegroundandeverythingonit.Whatcauseearthquakesandwheredotheyhappen?Theearthhasfourmainlayers②.Theyareinnercore,outercore,mantle③andtheearth’scrust④.Thecrustandthetopofthemantlemakeupathinskinonthesurfaceoftheplanet.Butthisskinisnotallinonepiece.Itisactuallymadeupofmanytectonicplates.Theyarelikepuzzlepieces.Thesepiecesarealwaysslidingaroundandbumpingintoeachother.Sometimestheiredgesgetstucktogether.Whenthishappens,therestoftheplatekeepsmoving.Eventuallytheedgescomeunstuck.Thatiswhenanearthquakehappens.Whydoestheearthshakewhenthereisanearthquake?Earthquakessendoutwavesinalldirections.Whentheyreachtheearth’ssurface,theyshaketheground.Therearedifferenttypesofearthquakewaves.ThePwavesqueezesandstretchestheearth.TheSwaveshakeitupanddown.Howareearthquakesrecorded?Scientistsusespecialtoolstorecordandmeasureearthquakes.Thesetoolsarecalledseismographs⑤.Recordingsfromseismographstellscientistswhenandwhereanearthquaketookplace.Theycanalsotellscientiststhesizeofanearthquake.

詞海拾貝①tectonicplate構(gòu)造板塊②layern.層③mantlen.地幔④crustn.地殼⑤seismographn.地震儀典句欣賞Recordingsfromseismographstellscientistswhenandwhereanearthquaketookplace.譯文:地震儀的記錄告訴科學家地震發(fā)生的時間和地點。分析:該句子中Recordings為主語,fromseismographs為介詞短語作后置定語,修飾Recordings;tell為謂語,scientists作tell的間接賓語;whenandwhereanearthquaketookplace為賓語從句。理解誘思1.Whatsignsbeforeanearthquake?答案:Brightlightflashinthesky.Thewaterinthewellrisesandfalls.Chickensareflyinganddogsarebarking,andpigsandcowsaretoonervous.Fishjumpoutofthepond,andmicerunwildlyoutofthefields.2.Whatshouldwedoincasethereisanearthquake?答案:Besuretostaycalmanddoeverythingtheteachertellsyou.Ifyouareinclass,takecoverunderdeskquicklyanddonotmoveuntilthefloorstopsshaking.Ifyouareontheplayground,staywhereyouare,crouchandprotectyourhead.Don’tstandnearhighbuildingsthatmayfalldownanddon’tjumpoffthebuilding.Helpyourclassmatesifyoucanandtrytogothroughthedisastertogether.

Startingout&UnderstandingideasⅠ.知識體系圖解

disastertubepluseruptimmediatelyhurricaneoccurannouncement對……做出回應(yīng),反應(yīng)面臨,面對應(yīng)對,解決撿起當然與……比起來成功瀏覽由于而且,除此之外Ⅱ.詞匯拓展1.eruptv.→

(n.)

2.immediatelyadv.&conj.→

(adj.)

3.occurv.→

(n.)→

(過去式/過去分詞)

4.announcementn.→

(v.)

eruptionimmediateoccurrenceoccurredannounceⅢ.閱讀導(dǎo)學根據(jù)pp.62-63課文內(nèi)容,回答下列問題。1.Whereistheauthor?2.Wheredoestheauthorprobablyworkin?3.WhydoestheauthorwanttogotoBankstation?4.Whatplansdoestheauthormakeforthefuture?5.Howdoestheauthorfeelwhenheseesthephotosinthenewspaper?答案:1.Inthetube/subway.2.Inabank.3.Toavoidthebadfeelingbythinkingaboutwork.4.Heplanstoputhisflatonthemarketandbuyaboat;speakwithmymanageraboutmovingtothetopfloor;learntoswimandjoinabeginner’sswimmingclassimmediately.5.Hefeelsnervous.重點詞匯重點句式1.pick

up

拿起;卷起;掀起【課文原句】Picking

upafreenewspaperattheTubestation,Iseethetitle“Hot!Hot!Hot”.在地鐵站撿到一份免費報紙,我看到標題是“熱!熱!很熱”?！驹~匯精講】pickup在該句子中表示“拿起”,同時,它還有“拾起;接收(信號);(偶然)學會;整理;接載;情況好轉(zhuǎn)”等含義。Hepicked

upsomeFrenchwordswhilelivingwithaFrenchman.他和一個法國人住在一起時學會了一些法語單詞。Theschoolbuspicks

upthechildrenthreetimeseveryday.校車每天接送孩子們?nèi)?。Theequipmentpicked

upthesignalfromthesatellite.設(shè)備接收到衛(wèi)星發(fā)出的信號。重點詞匯重點句式【巧學助記】

重點詞匯重點句式【詞匯拓展】pickoneselfup跌倒后站起來pickupspeed加速pickon挑剔;捉弄;選中pickoff摘下pickout挑選;辨認出重點詞匯重點句式2.average

adj.平均的;普通的;正(平)常的【課文原句】TheaveragehightemperatureinJulyisonly22degrees,soover30isnotusualforLondon.7月份的平均高溫只有22度,因此倫敦的氣溫通常不會超過30度?！驹~匯精講】average在該句子中為形容詞,表示“平均的”。它還有名詞的詞性,表示“平均數(shù);平均水平;一般水準”;還可以作動詞,表示“平均為;計算出……的平均數(shù)”。Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68℃abovetheaverage.去年是有記錄以來最熱的一年,比全球平均氣溫高了0.68度。重點詞匯重點句式【詞匯拓展】anaverageof平均有on(the)average平均起來aboveaverage在平均水平以上belowaverage在平均水平以下uptoaverage達到平均水平averageout算出平均數(shù)Lastyearthenumberofstudentswhograduatedwithadrivinglicensereached200,000,an

average

of40,000peryear.去年畢業(yè)時就有駕照的學生數(shù)量已達到二十萬,平均每年四萬。On

average,thereare800tornadoesintheUSeachyear,causingabout80deathsand1,500injuries.美國平均每年有800場龍卷風,導(dǎo)致約80人死亡,1500人受傷。重點詞匯重點句式重點詞匯重點句式重點詞匯重點句式3

pare

v.

比較;匹敵;比喻;相比n.比較【課文原句】This,however,isnothingcomparedtothetrain.然而,這與火車比起來不算什么。【詞匯精講】compare為動詞,在該句子中表示“比較,相比”。Don’tcompareyourstrengthwithothers’weakness,whichismeaningless.不要拿自己的長處和別人的短處做比較,這是沒有意義的。重點詞匯重點句式【詞匯拓展】compare...with...把……和……相比較compare...to...把……比作……comparedto/with...和……相比(通常作狀語)beyond/withoutcompare無與倫比,舉世無雙comparisonn.比較;對照;比喻incomparisonwith與……相比Ateacherisoftencompared

toacandle.That’sbecausetheirdevotiontoworkisbeyond/without

compare.老師常被比作蠟燭。那是因為他們對工作的投入是無與倫比的。Compared

toyourcontributionsourscountforlittle.與你們的貢獻比較起來,我們的算不了什么。重點詞匯重點句式重點詞匯重點句式4.immediately

adv.即刻,馬上【課文原句】I’lljoinabeginner’sswimmingclassimmediately.我馬上就要參加一個游泳初學者班。【詞匯精講】在該句子中immediately為副詞,修飾動詞join,表示“立即,馬上”。

同時immediately還可以用作連詞,意為“一……就”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。Thetelephonerang,andheanswereditimmediately.電話鈴響了,他馬上去接。【詞匯拓展】immediateadj.立即的;直接的AsfarasIcansee,immediateactionshouldbetaken.依我看,必須立即采取措施。重點詞匯重點句式【名師點津】immediately表示“一……就”,相當于directly,instantly和assoonas,在它們所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。Immediatelyyoubegintospeak,hegivesyouhisfullattention.你只要一開始說話,他就會全神貫注地聽。重點詞匯重點句式重點詞匯重點句式5.cause

n.原因,起因;理由,緣故v.導(dǎo)致,使發(fā)生【課文原句】What’smore,heavyraininEasternEuropehascausedlandslidesandtheheatacrossSouthernEuropehascausedforestfires.此外,東歐的大雨導(dǎo)致了山體滑坡,整個南歐的高溫導(dǎo)致了森林火災(zāi)?！驹~匯精講】cause在該句子中為動詞,表示“導(dǎo)致,使發(fā)生”,相當于leadto。同時,cause還可用作名詞,表示“……的原因”。Joe’sabsencefromschoolwascausedbyillness.因為生病,喬沒有上學。重點詞匯重點句式【詞匯拓展】causesbsth給某人造成某種結(jié)果causesb/sthtodosth導(dǎo)致某人做某事;引起某物……causedamage/lossto對……造成損失、損壞thecauseof...……的原因causeandeffect因果Thepoorharvestcaused

prices

to

risesharply.收成不好導(dǎo)致價格急劇上漲。Drunkdrivingisoneofthemostcommoncauses

oftrafficaccidents.酒后駕駛是交通事故最普遍的原因之一。重點詞匯重點句式重點詞匯重點句式6.occur

v.

發(fā)生【課文原句】Expertssaythisbadweatherhasoccurredduetoclimatechange.專家說由于氣候變化,這種糟糕的天氣已經(jīng)發(fā)生了?！驹~匯精講】occur為不及物動詞,表示“發(fā)生”。occur的過去式和過去分詞形式要雙寫最后一個輔音字母,即occurred。Agoodideaoccurred

tomewhenIwokeupthismorning.今天早上醒來我突然想到一個好主意。重點詞匯重點句式【詞匯拓展】sthoccurstosb某人突然想起某事Itoccursto/strikes/hitssbthat...某人突然想起……Itoccurstosbtodosth某人突然想起做某事Itsuddenlyoccurred

tomethatwhilewetriedtoteachourchildrenallaboutlife,theyactuallytaughtuswhatlifewasallabout.我突然想起,當我們試圖教我們的孩子們關(guān)于生活的一切時,他們實際上卻教會了我們什么是生活的全部。Thepossibilitythatshemightbewrongneverevenoccurred

toher.她根本沒有想到她可能會錯。【名師點津】表達“發(fā)生”時,occur與happen可以互換;另外occur,happen,takeplace,breakout,comeabout等表示“發(fā)生”的短語都不能用于被動語態(tài)以及進行時態(tài)。重點詞匯重點句式重點詞匯重點句式Looking

through

my

newspaper,I’m

shocked

by

photos

showing

that

a

hurricane

in

Asia

has

destroyed

a

town.瀏覽報紙時我被一些照片所震驚,照片上顯示亞洲的一場颶風已經(jīng)毀壞了一座城鎮(zhèn)?！揪涫狡饰觥縧ookingthroughmynewspaper為動詞-ing形式作伴隨狀語,showing為動詞-ing形式作photos的后置定語。ThefilmwillbeshownthisSundayafternoon,lasting2hours,from4:00to6:00.這部影片將在本周日下午放映,持續(xù)兩個小時,從4:00到6:00。Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,allowingmorepatientstobetreated.近期這個醫(yī)院得到了新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備,使得更多的病人得到治療。重點詞匯重點句式【句式拓展】(1)動詞-ing形式(短語)作狀語可以表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨情況等,可相當于一個狀語從句。Findingthecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.=As/Becauseshefoundthecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.發(fā)現(xiàn)這門課