PartIWriting(30minutes)

20236月大學英語六級考試真題第三套Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayexplainingwhyitisunwisetoputallyoureggsinonebasket.Youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.A)Themanisthemanageroftheapartmentbuilding. C)Thewomanwillgettheapartmentrefurnished.Thewomanisverygoodatbargaining. D)Themanislookingforanapartment.A)Howthepictureswillturnout. C)Whatthemanthinksoftheshots.Wherethebotanicalgardenis. D)Whythepicturesarenotready.A)Thereisnoreplacementforthehandle. C)Thesuitcaseisnotworthfixing.Thereisnomatchforthesuitcase. D)Thesuitcasecanbefixedintime.A)Heneedsavehicletobeusedinharshweather.Hehasafairlylargecollectionofqualitytrucks.Hehashadhistruckadaptedforcoldtemperatures.Hedoesroutinetruckmaintenanceforthewoman.A)Shecannotstandherboss’sbadtemper.Shehasoftenbeencriticizedbyherboss.Shehasmadeuphermindtoresign.Sheneverregretsanydecisionsshemakes.A)Lookforashirtofamoresuitablecolorandsize.Replacetheshirtwithoneofsomeothermaterial.Visitadifferentstoreforasilkorcottonshirt.Getadiscountontheshirtsheisgoingtobuy.A)Ata“LostandFound”. B)Atareceptiondesk. C)Atatradefair. D)Atanexhibition.A)Repairitandmovein. B)Passitontohisgrandson. C)Convertitintoahotel. D)Sellitforagoodprice.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Uniquedescriptiveskills. C)Colourfulworldexperiences.Goodknowledgeofreaders’tastes. D)Carefulplottingandclueing.A)Apeacefulsetting. B)Aspaciousroom. C)Tobeintherightmood. D)Tobeentirelyalone.A)Theyrelyheavilyontheirownimagination.Theyhaveexperiencessimilartothecharacters’.Theylookattheworldinadetachedmanner.Theyareoverwhelmedbytheirownprejudices.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Goodorbad,theyaretheretostay. C)Believeitornot,theyhavesurvived.Likeitornot,youhavetousethem. D)Gainorlose,theyshouldbemodernised.A)Thefrequenttraindelays. C)Thefoodsoldonthetrains.Thehightrainticketfares. D)ThemonopolyofBritishRailways.A)Thelowefficiencyoftheiroperation. C)Constantcomplaintsfrompassengers.Competitionfromothermodesoftransport. D)Thepassingofthenewtransportact.A)Theywillbede-nationalised. C)Theyarefastdisappearing.Theyprovideworseservice. D)Theylosealotofmoney.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)ThewholeAntarcticregionwillbesubmerged.Somepolaranimalswillsoonbecomeextinct.Manycoastalcitieswillbecoveredwithwater.Theearthwillexperienceextremeweathers.A)Howhumansaretocopewithglobalwarming.HowunstabletheWestAntarcticicesheetis.Howvulnerablethecoastalcitiesare.Howpolariceimpactsglobalweather.A)Itcollapsedatleastonceinthepast1.3millionyears.Itsitsfirmlyonsolidrockatthebottomoftheocean.Itmeltedattemperaturesabithigherthanthoseoftoday.Itwillhavelittleimpactonsealevelwhenitbreaksup.A)TheWestAntarcticregionwasonceanopenocean.TheWestAntarcticicesheetwasabout7,000feetthick.TheWestAntarcticicesheetwasoncefloatingice.TheWestAntarcticregionusedtobewarmerthantoday.PassageTwoQuestions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)WhetherwecandevelopsocialtiesontheInternet.Whetheradeletedphotoisimmediatelyremovedfromtheweb.Whetherourblogscanbereneweddaily.Whetherwecansetupourownwebsites.A)Thenumberofvisitstheyreceive. C)Thefilestheyhavecollected.Thewaytheystoredata. D)Themeanstheyusetogetinformation.A)Whenthesystemisdown. C)WhentheURLisreused.Whennewlinksaresetup. D)Whentheserverisrestarted.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Someicedcoffeeshaveasmanycaloriesasahotdinner.Icedcoffeessoldbysomepopularchainsarecontaminated.Drinkingcoffeeafteramealismorelikelytocauseobesity.Somebrand-namecoffeescontainharmfulsubstances.A)Havesomefreshfruit. B)Exerciseatthegym. C)Takeahotshower. D)Eatahotdinner.A)Theycouldenjoyahappierfamilylife.Theycouldgreatlyimprovetheirworkefficiency.Manycancercasescouldbeprevented.Manyembarrassingsituationscouldbeavoided.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Psychologistsarefindingthathopeplaysasurprisinglyvitalroleingivingpeopleameasurableadvantageinrealms(26) academicachievement,bearingupintoughjobsandcopingwith(27) illness.And,bycontrast,thelossofhopeisturningouttobeastrongersignthatapersonmay(28) suicidethanotherfactorslongthoughttobemorelikelyrisks.“Hopehasprovenapowerfulpredictorof(29) ineverystudywe’vedonesofar,”saidDr.CharlesR.Snyder,apsychologistwhohasdeviseda(30) toassesshowmuchhopeapersonhas.Forexample,inresearchwith3,920collegestudents,Dr.Snyderandhis(31) foundthatthelevelofhopeamongfreshmenatthebeginningoftheirfirstsemesterwasamore(32) predictoroftheircollegegradesthanweretheirS.A.T.scoresortheirgradepoint(33) inhighschool,thetwomeasuresmostcommonlyusedtopredictcollegeperformance.“shhetsrsandwwokoattain

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Whenuesfteandtacademicachievements,t sIndevisingawaytoassesshopescientifically,Dr.Snyderwentbeyondthesimplenotionthathopeismerelythesensethateverythingwill(35) allright. “Thatnotionisnotconcreteenoughanditblurstwokeycomponentsofhope,”Dr.Snydersaid.“Havinghopemeansbelievingyouhaveboththewillandthewaytoaccomplishyourgoals,whatevertheymaybe.”PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.MillionsofAmericansareenteringtheir60sandaremoreconcernedthaneveraboutretirement.Theyknowtheyneedtosave,buthowmuch?Andwhatexactlyaretheysavingfor—tospendmoretime 36 thegrandkids,gotraveling,orstartanothercareer?Itturnsoutthathusbandsandwivesmayhave 37 differentideasaboutthesubject.Thedeepestdivideisinthewayspousesenvisagetheirlifestyleintheirlateryears.FidelityInvestmentsInc.found41percentofthe500couplesitsurveyed 38 onwhetherbothoratleastonespousewillworkinretirement.Wivesaregenerallyrightregardingtheirhusbands’retirementage,butmen 39 theagetheirwiveswillbewhentheystopworking.Andhusbandsareslightlymore 40 abouttheirstandardoflivingthanwivesare.Busyjuggling(窮于應對)careersandfamilies,mostcouplesdon’ttakethetimetositdown, 41 ortogether,andthinkaboutwhattheywouldliketodo5,10or20yearsfromnow.They 42 theyareonthesame,butthe 43 istheyhaveavoidedeventalkingaboutit.Ifyouareself-employedorinajobthatdoesn ’thaveastandardretirementage,youmaybemoreapttodelaythinkingabouttheseissues.Itisoftena 44 retirementdatethatprovidesthecatalyst( 催化劑)tostartplanning.Gettinglaidofforacceptinganearly-retirement 45 canforceyourhand.Butdon’twaituntilyougetaseverance(遣散費)checktobeginplanning.assume D)formula G)mysteriously J)package M)separatelyconfidential E)forthcoming H)observe K)radically N)spoilingdisagree F)illustrating I)optimistic L)reality O)underestimateSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.WhatIfMiddle-ClassJobsDisappear?ThemostrecentrecessionintheUnitedStatesbeganinDecember2023andendedinJune2023,accordingtotheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch.However,twoyearsaftertheofficialendoftherecession,fewAmericanswouldsaythateconomictroublesarebehindus.Theunemploymentrate,inparticular,remainsabove9%.Somelabormarketindicators,suchastheproportionoflong-termunemployed,areworsenowthanforanypostwarrecession.Therearetwowidelycirculatednarrativestoexplainwhat’sgoingon.TheKeynesiannarrativeisthattherehasbeenamajordropinaggregatedemand.Accordingtothisnarrative,theslumpcanbelargelycuredbyusingmonetaryandfiscal(財政的)stimulus.Themainanti-Keynesiannarrativeisthatbusinessesaresufferingfromuncertaintyandover-regulation.Accordingtothisnarrative,theslumpcanbecuredbyhavingthegovernmentcommittoandfollowamorehands-offapproach.Iwanttosuggestathirdinterpretation.Withoutrulingoutaroleforaggregatedemandorfortheregulatoryenvironment,Iwishtosuggestthatstructuralchangeisanimportantfactorinthecurrentrateofhighunemployment.Theeconomyisinastateoftransition,inwhichthemiddle-classjobsthatemergedafterWorldWarⅡhavebeguntodecline.AsErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeputitinarecente-bookRaceAgainsttheMachine:“Therootofourproblemsisttenat,ratntrteareneys)farestructuring.”Infact,IbelievetheGreatDepressionofthe1930scanalsobeinterpretedinpartasaneconomictransition.Theimpactoftheinternalcombustionengine(內燃機)andthesmallelectricmotoronfarmingandmanufacturingreducedthevalueofuneducatedlaborers.Instead,bythe1950s,amiddleclassoflargelyclerical( 從事文秘工作的)workerswasthemostsignificantpartofthelaborforce.Between1930and1950,theUnitedStateseconomyunderwentagreattransition.Demandfellforhumaneffortsuchaslifting,squeezing,andhammering.Demandincreasedforworkerswhocouldreadandfollowdirections.Theevolutionaryprocesseventuallychangedusfromanationoflaborerstoanationofclerks.Theproportionofemploymentclassifiedas“clericalworkers”grewfrom5.2%in1910toapeakof19.3%in1980.(However,by2023thisproportionhadedgeddownto17.4%.)Overall,workersclassifiedasclericalworkers,technicalworkers,managersandofficialsexceeded50%ofthelaborforceby2023.Correspondingdeclinestookplaceinthemanualoccupations.Workersclassifiedaslaborers,otherthanfarmhandsorminers,peakedat11.4%ofthelaborforcein1920butwerebarely6%by1950andlessthan4%by2023.Farmersandfarmlaborersfellfrom33%ofthelaborforcein1910tolessthan15%by1950andonly1.2%in2023.Theintroductionofthetractorandimprovementsinthefactoryrapidlyreducedthedemandforuneducatedworkers.Bythe1930s,amarginalfarmhandcouldnotproduceenoughtojustifyhisemployment.Sharecropping,nevermuchbetterthanasubsistenceoccupation,wasnolongerviable(可行的).Meanwhile,machineswerereplacingmanufacturingoccupationslikecigarrollingandglassblowingforlightbulbs.Thestructural-transitioninterpretationoftheunemploymentproblemofthe1930swouldbethatthedemandforuneducatedworkersintheUnitedStateshadfallen,butthesupplyremainedhigh.Thehighschoolgraduationratewasonly8.8%in1912andstilljust29%in1931.By1950,ithadreached59%.Withanewgenerationofworkerswhohadcompletedhighschool,themismatchbetweenskillsandjobshadbeengreatlyreduced.WhattookplaceafterWorldWarⅡwasnottherevivalofa1920seconomy,withitssmallfarmingunits,urbanmanufacturing,andpluralityoflaborers.Instead,the1950ssawthecreationofanewsuburbaneconomy,withapluralityofwhite-collarworkers.Withanexpandedtransportationandcommunicationsinfrastructure(根底設施),businessesneededtelephoneoperators,shippingclerksandsimilaroccupations.Ifyoucouldread,followsimpleinstructions,andsettleintoaroutine,youcouldfindajobinthepost-wareconomy.Thetrendawayfrommanuallaborhascontinued.Evenwithinthemanufacturingsector,theshareofproductionandnon-supervisoryworkersinmanufacturingemploymentwentfromover85%justafterWorldWarIItolessthan70%inmorerecentyears.Toputthisanotherway,theproportionofwhite-collarworkinmanufacturinghasdoubledoverthepast50years.Onthefactoryflooritself,workhasbecomelessphysicallydemanding.Instead,itrequiresmorecognitiveskillsandtheabilitytounderstandandcarryoutwell-definedprocedures.Asnotedearlier,theproportionofclericalworkersintheeconomypeakedin1980.Bythatdate,computersandadvancedcommunicationsequipmenthadalreadybeguntoaffecttelephoneoperationsandbanking.TheriseofthepersonalcomputerandtheInternethaswidenedtheimpactofthesetechnologiestoincludenearlyeverybusinessandindustry.Theeconomytodaydiffersfromthatofagenerationago.Mortgageandconsumerloanunderwriters風險評估人)havebeenreplacedbycreditscoring.Recordstoreshavebeenreplacedbymusicdownloads.Bookstoresareclosing,whilesalesofbooksonelectronicreadershaveincreased.Dataentryhasbeenmovedoffshore.Routinecustomersupportalsohasbeenoutsourced(外包)overseas.Thesetrendsservetolimittheavailabilityofwell-definedjobs.Ifajobcanbecharacterizedbyaprecisesetofinstructions,thenthatjobisacandidatetobeautomatedoroutsourcedtomodestlyeducatedworkersindevelopingcountries.TheresultiswhatDavidAutorcallsthepolarizationoftheAmericanjobmarket.UsingthelatestCensusBureaudata,MatthewSlaughterfoundthatfrom2023to2023therealearningsofcollegegraduates(withnoadvanceddegree)fellbymoreinpercentagetermsthantheearningsofhighschoolgraduates.Infact,overthisperiodtheonlyeducationcategorytoshowanincreaseinearningswasthosewithadvanceddegrees.Theoutlookformid-skilljobswouldnotappeartobebright.Communicationstechnologyandcomputerintelligencecontinuetoimprove,puttingmoreoccupationsatrisk.Forexample,manypeopleearnalivingasdrivers,includingtrucksandtaxicabs.However,theageofdriverlessvehiclesappearstobemovingcloser.Anotherexampleisinthefieldofeducation.Inthefallof2023,anexperimentwithanonlinecourseinartificialintelligenceconductedbytwoStanfordprofessorsdrewtensofthousandsofregistrants(報名者).Thisincreasesthestudent-teacherratiobyafactorofclosetoathousand.Imaginethenumberofteachingjobsthatmightbeeliminatedifthiscouldbedoneformath,economics,chemistry,andsoon.It’simportanttobearinmindthatwhenweofferastructuralinterpretationofunemployment,a“l(fā)ossofjobs”meansanincreaseinproductivity.Traditionally,economistshavearguedthatproductivityincreasesareagoodthing,eventhoughtheymaycauseunemploymentforsomeworkersintheshortrun.Inthelongrun,theeconomydoesnotrunoutofjobs.Rather,newjobsemergeasoldjobsdisappear.Thestorywetellisthataveragewell-beingrises,andthemorepeopleareabletoadapt,themorewidespreadtheimprovementbecomes.Evenfactoryfloorworktodayhasbecomeintellectuallychallengingratherthanphysicallydemanding.Increasesinproductivityprovebeneficialthoughsomepeoplemaylosetheirjobstemporarily.Theunemploymentrateremainedhigheventwoyearsafterthegovernmentdeclaredtherecentrecessionwasover.Theauthorsuggeststhattherecenthighunemploymentrateismainlycausedbyadecreaseofmiddle-classjobs.Thecreationofasuburbaneconomyinthe1950screatedlotsofofficejobs.Inthefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury,onlypeoplewithpostgraduatedegreesexperiencedanincreaseinearnings.Oneeconomicstheorysuggestsusingmonetaryandfiscalstimulustocopewithaneconomicrecession.Thepopularityofonlinecoursesmayeliminatemanyteachingjobs.Computertechnologyhasbroughtaboutrevolutionarychangesintherecordandbookbusiness.White-collarworkersaccountedformorethanhalfofthelaborforcebytheendofthe20thcentury.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.“Deepreading”—asopposedtotheoftensuperficialreadingwedoontheWeb—isanendangeredpractice,oneweoughttotakestepstopreserveaswewouldahistoricbuildingorasignificantworkofart.Itsdisappearancewouldjeopardizetheintellectualandemotionaldevelopmentofgenerationsgrowinguponline,aswellasthepreservationofacriticalpartofourculture：thenovels,poemsandotherkindsofliteraturethatcanbeappreciatedonlybyreaderswhosebrains,quiteliterally,havebeentrainedtounderstandthem.Recentresearchincognitivescienceandpsychologyhasdemonstratedthatdeepreading—slow,immersive,richinsensorydetailandemotionalandmoralcomplexity—isadistinctiveexperience,differentinkindfromthemeredecodingofwords.Althoughdeepreadingdoesnot,strictlyspeaking,requireaconventionalbook,thebuilt-inlimitsoftheprintedareuniquelyhelpfultothedeepreadingexperience.Abook’slackofs(超鏈接),forexample,freesthereaderfrommakingdecisions—ShouldIclickonthislinkornot—allowinghertoremainfullyimmersedinthenarrative.Thatimmersionissupportedbythewaythebrainhandleslanguagerichindetail,indirectreferenceandfiguresofspeech:bycreatingamentalrepresentationthatdrawsonthesamebrainregionsthatwouldbeactiveifthescenewereunfoldinginreallife.Theemotionalsituationsandmoraldilemmasthatarethestuffofliteraturearealsovigorousexerciseforthebrain,propellingusinsidetheheadsoffictionalcharactersandeven,studiessuggest,increasingourreal-lifecapacityforempathy(認同).Noneofthisislikelytohappenwhenwe’rebrowsingthroughawebsite.Althoughwecalltheactivitybythesamename,thedeepreadingofbooksandtheinformation-drivenreadingwedoontheWebareverydifferent,bothintheexperiencetheyproduceandinthecapacitiestheydevelop.Agrowingbodyofevidencesuggeststhatonlinereadingmaybelessengagingandlesssatisfying,evenforthe“digitalnatives”towhomitissofamiliar.Lastmonth,forexample,Britain’sNationalLiteracyTrustreleasedtheresultsofastudyof34,910youngpeopleaged8to16.Researchersreportedthat39%ofchildrenandteensreaddailyusingelectronicdevices,butonly28%readprintedmaterialseveryday.Thosewhoreadonlyonscreenwerethreetimeslesslikelytosaytheyenjoyreadingverymuchandathirdlesslikelytohaveafavoritebook.Thestudyalsofoundthatyoungpeoplewhoreaddailyonlyonscreenwerenearlytwotimeslesslikelytobeabove-averagereadersthanthosewhoreaddailyinprintorbothinprintandonscreen.Whatdoestheauthorsayabout“deepreading”?Itservesasacomplementtoonlinereading.Itshouldbepreservedbeforeitistoolate.Whydoestheauthoradvocatethereadingofliterature?Itismainlysuitableforreadingliterature.Itisanindispensablepartofeducation.Ithelpspromotereaders’intellectualandemotionalgrowth.Itenablesreaderstoappreciatethecomplexityoflanguage.Ithelpsreadersbuildupimmersivereadinghabits.Itisquicklybecominganendangeredpractice.Inwhatwaydoesprinted-readingdifferfromonlinereading?Itensuresthereader’scognitivegrowth.

C)Itactivatesadifferentregionofthebrain.B)Itenablesthereadertobefullyengaged. D)Ithelpsthereaderlearnrhetoricaldevices.Whatdothestudiesshowaboutonlinereading?Itgraduallyimpairsone’seyesight. C)Itprovidesup-to-dateinformation.Itkeepsarousingreaders’curiosity. D)Itrendersreadinglessenjoyable.WhatdowelearnfromthestudyreleasedbyBritain’sNationalLiteracyTrust?Onscreenreadersmaybelesscompetentreaders.Thosewhodoreadinginprintarelessinformed.Youngpeoplefindreadingonscreenmoreenjoyable.Itisnoweasiertofindafavoritebookonlinetoread.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Manycurrentdiscussionsofimmigrationissuestalkaboutimmigrantsingeneral,asiftheywereabstractpeopleinanabstractworld.ButtheconcretedifferencesbetweenimmigrantsfromdifferentcountriesaffectwhethertheircominghereisgoodorbadfortheAmericanpeople.TheverythoughtofformulatingimmigrationlawsfromthestandpointofwhatisbestfortheAmericanpeopleseemstohavebeenforgottenbymanywhofocusonhowtosolvetheproblemsofillegalimmigration.Itishardtolookfor“theidealoutcome”onimmigrationintheabstract.EconomicsprofessorMiltonFriedmanoncesaid,“Thebestistheenemyofthegood,”whichtomemeantthatattemptstoachieveanunattainableidealcanpreventusfromreachinggoodoutcomesthatarepossibleinpractice.Toomuchofourcurrentimmigrationcontroversyisconductedintermsofabstractideals,suchas“Weareanationofimmigrants.”O(jiān)fcourseweareanationofimmigrants.Butwearealsoanationofpeoplewhowearshoes.Doesitfollowthatweshouldadmitanybodywhowearsshoes?Theimmigrantsoftodayareverydifferentfromthosewhoarrivedhereahundredyearsago.Moreover,thesocietyinwhichtheyarriveisdifferent.Tome,itisbettertobuildawallaroundthewelfarestatethanthecountry.Butthewelfarestateisalreadyhere—and,farfromhavingawallbuiltaroundit,thewelfarestateisexpandinginalldirections.Wedonothaveachoicebetweenthewelfarestateandopenborders.Anythingwetrytodoasregardsimmigrationlawshastobedoneinthecontextofahugewelfarestatethatisalreadyamajor,inescapablefactoflife.Amongotherfactsoflifeutterlyignoredbymanyadvocatesofdefactoamnesty(事實上的大赦)isthatthefreeinternationalmovementofpeopleisdifferentfromfreeinternationaltradeingoods.Buyingcarsorcamerasfromothercountriesisnotthesameasadmittingpeoplefromthosecountriesoranyothercountries.Unlikeinanimateobjects,peoplehaveculturesandnotallculturesarecompatiblewiththecultureinthiscountrythathasproducedsuchbenefitsfortheAmericanpeopleforsolong.NotonlytheUnitedStates,buttheWesternworldingeneral,hasbeendiscoveringthehardwaythatadmittingpeoplewithincompatibleculturesisanirreversibledecisionwithincalculableconsequences.IfwedonotseethatafterrecentterroristattacksonthestreetsofBostonandLondon,whenwillweseeit?“Comprehensiveimmigrationreform”meansdoingeverythingalltogetherinarush,withouttimetolookbeforeweleap,andbasingourselvesonabstractnotionsaboutabstractpeople.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutimmigrantsinAmerica?Theyallhopetogaincitizenshipandenjoythewelfare.TheycometoAmericawithdifferentdreamsandpurposes.TheirbackgroundmaydeterminewhethertheybenefittheAmericanpeople.TheirculturesaffecttheextenttowhichtheywillachievesuccessinAmerica.WhatdoestheauthortrytosaybycitingMiltonFriedman’sremark?ItishardlypracticaltofindanidealsolutiontoAmerica’simmigrationproblem.Idealoutcomescouldbeproducedonlybycomprehensiveimmigrationreform.Asforimmigration,goodresultscannotbeachievedwithoutgoodintentions.ThepropersolutionofimmigrationissuesisanidealoftheAmericanpublic.Whatistheauthor’sviewregardingAmerica’simmigrationpolicy?Americashouldopenitsborderstoimmigrantsfromdifferentcountries.ImmigrantshavecontributedgreatlytothewelfareofAmericanpeople.UnrestrictedimmigrationwillunderminetheAmericanwelfarestate.ThereisnopointbuildingawallaroundtheAmericanwelfarestate.Whatistheauthor’spurposeincitingtherecentterroristattacksonthestreetsofBostonandLondon?ToshowthatAmericashouldjoinhandswithEuropeinfightingterrorists.ToprovethatitishightimeAmericamadecomprehensiveimmigrationreforms.ToprovethatterrorismisthemostdangerousthreattoAmericaandtheworldingeneral.Toshowthatimmigrants’culturalincompatibilitywiththehostcountryhasconsequences.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards“comprehensiveimmigrationreform”?Supportive. B)Negative. C)Wait-and-see. D)Indifferent.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.最近，中國科學院(ChineseAcadem