Unit1BuildingthefutureLiningwordsGrammarPassage1:TheWorldFoodeindependentHowdoyoufeelwhenreadingthepassageTheWorldFood,setuesoftroublebysendinggrainssuchasrice;toimprovenutritionalstandardsandthequalityoflifeinpoorcountries;,tohelpdeveloptheresourcesofthesecountriesandtohelppeoplewithoutjobsbecauseindependentfirstsecond,Passage2:andthirdDoyoufeelbetternowwhenreadingitWhydoyoufeelbetterwhenreadingpassage2Becausetherearesomeliningwordsinpassage2:“first;second;andthird”關(guān)聯(lián)詞語要使句子與句子之間的意思互相連接，就需要有___________。沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，讀者就很容易弄糊涂。這些關(guān)聯(lián)詞語幫助讀者推斷出文章中接下來將會(huì)發(fā)生什么。以下是句子之間常見的幾種關(guān)聯(lián)詞。關(guān)聯(lián)詞語1順序關(guān)聯(lián)詞語表明想法或行為的順序。常用來表示時(shí)間順序的詞語有_____________________________________________等。Timesequencewords時(shí)間順序關(guān)聯(lián)詞語first,second,finally,now,intheendegThemehasseveralaims:____,tohelothersaboutnutrition;________,tohelsolvingsillsfirstsecondandthirdLinsareneededbetweensentencestoconnecttheideasofthesentencestoeachotherWithouttheselins,itiseasyforreaderstogetconfusedTheselinshelpreadersworoutwhatisgoingtohappennetinatet2因果關(guān)聯(lián)詞語表示做某事的原因或結(jié)果。常用來表示____________的詞語有foronething,therefore,so,asaresult等。Causeandeffectwords因果關(guān)系詞語Reoneyforthehungryatchwaspostponed原因和結(jié)果3對照關(guān)聯(lián)詞語也是句子間重要的關(guān)聯(lián)詞語。這些詞語用來引起與前句意思____的意思。常用的對照關(guān)聯(lián)詞語包括however,incontrast,instead,nevertheless,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand等。Contrastingwords對照關(guān)聯(lián)詞語相反egallvictoriesareagoodstarttowardsabetterfutureManyinthedeveloallovertheworld4附加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語引出______的信息。常用的表示附加的詞語有also,ontoething,aboveall,besides,furthermore,inaddition,moreover等。Additionwords附加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語附加egInsomeournInaddition,redalsohaseanings,asithasbeenusedinthenationalflagsofmanycountries,oftentomeanbraveryOurorganiationisworingtoraisemoneyforthelocalhomelesssheltersFurthermore,wearecollectingclothingtogivetothoseinneedfirst,second,third,finally,now,intheend…TheyshowtheorderofideasoractionsFilltheblanswiththeboaboveTimesequencewordsDoyounowhowtoplantatreeDiscussthequestioninpair______,weneedtodigaholeandstandasticinit_______,weneedtoputthesaplingintotheholeandtiethesaplingtothestic_______,weneedtoputthesoilbacintheholeandwatertheareaFirstSecondFinallyforonething,therefore,so,asaresult…TheyshowreasonsandresultsofdoingsomethingReoneyforthehungryatchwaspostponedthereforeforonething1Liningwordsthatdrawaconclusion,suchastoconclude,onthewhole,inconclusion,tosumuysonhasagoodjobMydaughterhasagoodjobInbrief,mywifeandIdonothavetosufinanciallyanylongerHerearesomemoreliningwords2Liningwordsthatgiveaneamming,running,andtennisteamsA:There’snomilinthefridgeB:Inthatcase,I’lldrinwaterinstead3Liningwordsthatshowdifferencesorsimilarities,suchasliewise,yet,deseshomeforlunchtwiceawee,andhissisterJanedoesliewiseIhavegivenheralotofusefuladvice,yetshehasnevertaenanyDesissingboyOtherliningwordslinkingwordsthatdrawaconclusiontoconclude,onthewhole,inconclusion,tosumup,inshort,inbrief…linkingwordsthatgiveanexampleforexample,inthis/thatcase,forinstance,suchas…linkingwordsthatshowdifferencesorsimilaritieslikewise,yet,despite,inspiteof…增補(bǔ)Additioninadditionmoreoverfurthermorewhat’smoreagainsimilarlyalsonetbesidesfinally比較Comparisoninthesamewayliewisesimilarlyequallyincomparisonjustas轉(zhuǎn)折Contrastbycontrastincontrastontheotherhandregardlessthougheventhoughdespitethefactthathoweverinsteadalthoughbutonthecontraryotherwisestillyetevensoforallthatinspiteofnevertheless強(qiáng)調(diào)Emphasiscertainlyaboveallindeedofcoursesurelyactuallyasamatteroffactchieflyesarilyundoubtedlyabsolutelymostimportant例證EemplificationforeamelysuchasinotherwordsinthiscasebywayofillustrationsayHaveatry1ReadthearticleonPage9PartA,thenfillinachartTimesequenceCauseandeffectContrast-ingAdditionOtherduringthe1970sand1980s;asthere-fore;asaresulthowever;instead;butmoreoverinfact;aslongas;still2ReadthearticleonPage9PartB,thenfillintheblansAnswers:1so2First3Second4Third5However6ForonethingYoushouldfullypreparebeforegoingonahieBringenoughdriningwaterwithyou—YoushouldfullypreparebeforegoingonahieAboveall,bringenoughdriningwaterwithyou3Rewritethefollowingsentenceswiththeliningwords2mercialuse—mercialuse3Leonardaewhereclosertohome—Leonardaewhereclosertohome4Writeapassage‘LivingInTheCity’usingproperliningwordsaccordingtothechartbelowAdvantagesDisadvantages找工作容易生活消費(fèi)高交通便利人口多,擁擠有公園、飯店等休閑場所空氣污染、居住環(huán)境差Sample:LivinginacityhasadvantagesanddisadvantagesFirstofall,itiseasiertofindworinacitySecond,therearealwaysmanychoicesofuseums,gotocinemasandgotopartswheneveryouwanttorelaHowever,livinginacityisoftenveryeustfindawell-ore,thecit