創(chuàng)新機(jī)制，強(qiáng)化措施

推進(jìn)寧夏奶業(yè)又好又快發(fā)展

InnovateMechanismandStrengthenMeasurestoFacilitateSoundandRapidDevelopmentofDairyIndustryinNingxia寧夏回族自治區(qū)農(nóng)牧廳DepartmentofAgricultureandAnimalHusbandry,NingxiaHuiAutonomousRegion二〇〇八年八月August,2008寧夏是我國五個(gè)少數(shù)民族自治區(qū)之一。Oneofthe5minoritygroupautonomousregionsinChina地理位置：地處中國西北部、黃河中上游。東經(jīng)104°10‘～107°39’，北緯35°14‘～39°23’之間，從緯度上，處在世界公認(rèn)的奶牛適宜分布帶上。Location:North-eastChina,MiddleandupperreachesofYellowriver.104°10‘~107°39’E,35°14‘~39°23’N.Inabeltworldlyrecognizedasbeingsuitableforcattlebreeding.地形地勢：南北狹長，南高北低，平均海拔1000米以上。Topography:Anarrowstripslopingdownfromsouthtonorthwithanaveragealtitudeofover1000m.氣候：典型的溫帶大陸性氣候，年均降水量305毫米，年均氣溫5～10℃。Climate:Typicalcontinentalclimate,averageannualprecipitation:305mm,averageannualtemperature:5~10℃一、寧夏奶業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀Ⅰ.StatusofDairyIndustryinNingxia

總面積：6.64萬平方公里。

Area:66,400km2.

總?cè)丝冢?03萬。其中，農(nóng)村人口415萬，占68.7%?；刈?15萬，占36%。Population:6.03m,ofwhich4.15m,or68.7%isrural,and2.15m,or36%isHui.一、寧夏奶業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀Ⅰ.StatusofDairyIndustryinNingxia

一、寧夏奶業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀Ⅰ.StatusofDairyIndustryinNingxia

按照自然地理?xiàng)l件和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展水平，可分為北部引黃灌區(qū)，中部干旱帶和南部山區(qū)三大板塊。Ningxiacanbedividedintothreeareasaccordingtonaturalconditionsandthestatusofeconomicandsocialdevelopment.引黃灌區(qū)North:ChannelingwaterfromYellowRivertoirrigate南部山區(qū)South:Mountainous中部干旱帶Central:arid北部引黃灌區(qū)有黃河水自流灌溉之便，玉米、水稻、優(yōu)質(zhì)苜蓿等飼草料資源豐富，發(fā)展奶牛養(yǎng)殖業(yè)條件十分優(yōu)越。WithwaterfromtheYellowRiver,thenorthernareaisinfavorableconditionforthedevelopmentofdairyhusbandryduetoabundantproductionofcorn,rice,qualityclover,andotherfeeds.

2003年奶產(chǎn)業(yè)被自治區(qū)政府確定為農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化五大戰(zhàn)略性主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)之一，已連續(xù)多年保持快速發(fā)展的勢頭。特別是在自治區(qū)黨委、政府的高度重視和農(nóng)業(yè)部的大力支持下，我區(qū)堅(jiān)持區(qū)域化布局、規(guī)模化養(yǎng)殖、產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營的發(fā)展思路，組織實(shí)施了《寧夏奶業(yè)發(fā)展行動(dòng)計(jì)劃（2002-2005）》和《寧夏奶牛提質(zhì)增效行動(dòng)計(jì)劃（2007-2010）》，通過采取奶牛品種改良、乳品加工、質(zhì)量監(jiān)管和優(yōu)質(zhì)飼草生產(chǎn)等措施，使我區(qū)奶產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)數(shù)量質(zhì)量同步發(fā)展的新階段，奶產(chǎn)業(yè)已成為我區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)化程度較高、飼養(yǎng)規(guī)模較大、農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化和帶動(dòng)農(nóng)民增收較強(qiáng)的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。Identifiedbytheregionalgovernmentin2003asoneofthe5prioritizedindustries,dairyindustryhasmaintainedit’smomentumforquiteafewyears.WithsupportfromthepartycommitteeandgovernmentoftheregionandMOAofChina,Ningxiahasbeenseekingtoregionalizeandindustrializetheindustryandpromotelarge-scalebreeding.NingxiagovernmenthasbeenimplementingtheActionPlantoDevelopDairyIndustryinNingxia(2002-2005)andtheActionPlantoImproveCattleQualityandEfficiencyinNingxia(2007-2010).Byimprovingvarieties,processingprocedures,qualitysupervisionandfeedproduction,thedairyindustryofNingxiahasenteredintoanewareamarkedbyrapiddevelopmentbothintermsofquantityandquality.Dairyindustryhasbecomeapillarindustrywithhighlevelofindustrialization,large-scalebreedingandgoodstructurethatplaysasignificantroleinincreasingfarmers’income.一、寧夏奶業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀Ⅰ.StatusofDairyIndustryinNingxia2007年全區(qū)奶牛存欄32萬頭，鮮奶總產(chǎn)量94萬噸，與2002年相比，年均增長25.6%和25%。In2007,theregionhad320,000cowsandatotalmilkyieldof940,000tons,25.6%and25%higherthan2002respectively.一、寧夏奶業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀Ⅰ.StatusofDairyIndustryinNingxiaCowsYield成母牛年均單產(chǎn)突破6000千克，居全國第4位。Annualyieldperadultcowhasreached6000kg,rankingatthe4thinChina.一、寧夏奶業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀Ⅰ.StatusofDairyIndustryinNingxia人均鮮奶占有量154千克，是全國平均水平的6倍以上。Percapitamilkavailabilityis154kg,morethan6timesofnationalaverage.奶牛養(yǎng)殖業(yè)產(chǎn)值18億元，占全區(qū)畜牧業(yè)產(chǎn)值的32%。Productionvalueofdairyhusbandryis1.8billionRMB,accountingfor32%ofanimalhusbandryinNingxia.形成了以銀川、吳忠兩市為核心區(qū)的奶牛產(chǎn)業(yè)帶，兩市奶牛存欄和產(chǎn)奶量分別占全區(qū)總數(shù)的88.1%和88.2%。AnindustrybeltwithYinchuanandWuzhongascentershastakenshape.Combined,the2citiesaccountfor88.1%ofcowsand88.2%ofmilkyieldintheregion.吳忠市區(qū)農(nóng)民人均奶業(yè)純收入990.3元，占農(nóng)民人均純收入的20%。PercapitanetincomeoffarmersfromdairyindustryinWuzhongis990.3RMB,representing20%oftheirtotalnetincome.一、寧夏奶業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀Ⅰ.StatusofDairyIndustryinNingxia（一）加快奶牛群改良步伐，提高奶牛單產(chǎn)水平高1.Improvevarietiestoincreaseunityield針對(duì)我區(qū)奶牛單產(chǎn)水平低、養(yǎng)殖效率不高的問題，2002年寧夏在全國率先開始實(shí)施《寧夏奶牛品種改良》項(xiàng)目，是全國開展奶牛品種改良較早的省區(qū)之一。Toaddressproblemssuchaslowunityieldandbreedingefficiency,in2002,NingxialaunchedtheProgramofDairyCattleVarietyImprovement,makingitselfoneofthefirstprovinces/regionsinChinatolaunchsuchaprogram.2006年又在吳忠市8個(gè)縣(區(qū))啟動(dòng)了國家《奶牛良種補(bǔ)貼》項(xiàng)目。In2006,NingxiainitiatedtheprogramofVarietyImprovementSubsidyin8counties/districtsofWuzhong.二、主要做法Ⅱ.MajorPractices

7年間自治區(qū)和國家農(nóng)業(yè)部累計(jì)補(bǔ)貼2833萬元（其中：自治區(qū)財(cái)政1553萬元）。Inthepast7years,subsidyfromNingxiagovernmentandMOAofChinaaccumulatedto28.33millionRMB,ofwhich15.53millionisfromfiscalbudgetoftheregion.統(tǒng)一篩選引進(jìn)國內(nèi)外優(yōu)質(zhì)荷斯坦牛凍精158萬余支，累計(jì)改良奶牛77.6萬頭。1.58millionampoulesofhigh-qualityfrozensemenofHolsteinhavebeenintroduced,resultingin776,000cowsofimprovedvariety.完成奶牛統(tǒng)一建檔立卡和佩戴耳標(biāo)的29.8萬頭，占存欄總數(shù)的92.9%。298,000cows,or92.9%ofthetotal,havebeenfiledandearmarked.實(shí)現(xiàn)奶牛系譜資料計(jì)算機(jī)管理24萬頭，占存欄總數(shù)的74.9%。240,000cows,or74.9%ofthetotal,havehadtheirfamilydatamanagedbycomputer.據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，改良后代母牛頭胎平均單產(chǎn)達(dá)到7142公斤，比項(xiàng)目實(shí)施前提高了2000公斤，年均提高404公斤。Accordingtostatistics,yieldpercowofthe1stparityofimprovedvarietyhasreached7142kg,2000kgmorethanbefore,representinganaverageannualincreaseof404kg.二、主要做法Ⅱ.MajorPractices（二）大力實(shí)施奶牛出戶入園工程，推進(jìn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖2.Movecattlefromhouseholdstofarmstopromotelarge-scalestandardbreeding

自2005年自治區(qū)啟動(dòng)“奶牛出戶入園工程”以來，不斷加大標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化規(guī)模奶牛場和養(yǎng)殖園區(qū)建設(shè)力度，全面推廣園區(qū)化飼養(yǎng)、集約化經(jīng)營、機(jī)械化擠奶的養(yǎng)殖模式。SincetheProgramofMovingCattlefromHouseholdstoFarmswaslaunchedin2005,manylarge-scalestandardfarmshasbeenbuilttopromotethemodelfeaturedbyconcentratedbreeding,intensiveoperationandmechanizedmilking.目前全區(qū)存欄奶牛50頭以上的規(guī)模奶牛場和養(yǎng)殖園區(qū)324個(gè)，奶牛存欄14.4萬頭，占全區(qū)奶牛存欄總數(shù)的45.2%。Thereare324farmswithover50cowsintheregion.Alltogether,thesefarmshave144,000cows,accountingfor45.2%ofthetotal.機(jī)械化擠奶站（廳）累計(jì)達(dá)到466個(gè)，機(jī)械化擠奶輻射奶牛占泌乳奶牛的65%以上。Thereare466mechanizedmilkingstations,coveringover65%oflactatingcowsintheregion.二、主要做法Ⅱ.MajorPractices（三）大力開展優(yōu)質(zhì)飼草料生產(chǎn)，建立推廣應(yīng)用新機(jī)制3.Promotequalityfeedproductionandestablish,extendandapplyanewmechanism從2003年開始，在奶牛主產(chǎn)區(qū)全面推廣全株玉米青貯和優(yōu)質(zhì)牧草（苜蓿）種植。2007年全區(qū)青貯玉米種植面積28萬畝，制作全株玉米青貯65萬噸。優(yōu)質(zhì)牧草種植面積100萬畝。Theregionbegantoextendtheplantingofsilagecornandqualitypasture(alfalfa)in2003.In2007,plantingareaofsilagecornwas280,000muand560,000tonsofwhole-plantcornsilagewasproduced.Plantingareaofqualitypasturewas1millionmu.二、主要做法Ⅱ.MajorPractices（三）大力開展優(yōu)質(zhì)飼草料生產(chǎn)，建立推廣應(yīng)用新機(jī)制3.Promotequalityfeedproductionandestablish,extendandapplyanewmechanism建立了20余家集飼草加工調(diào)制、貯存和配送為一體的大型飼草配送中心，與種植農(nóng)戶和養(yǎng)殖農(nóng)戶簽訂收購及配送合同，實(shí)行訂單式服務(wù)，取得了明顯的成效。Theregionhasbuiltover20large-scalefeeddistributioncentersthatintegratethefunctionsofprocessing,storageanddistribution.Theysigncontractswithfeedgrowersandcattlefarmersandprovideservicesbasedonorders,whichismuchmoreeffective.二、主要做法Ⅱ.MajorPractices（三）大力開展優(yōu)質(zhì)飼草料生產(chǎn)，建立推廣應(yīng)用新機(jī)制3.Promotequalityfeedproductionandestablish,extendandapplyanewmechanism在骨干奶牛場推廣使用全混合日糧飼喂技術(shù)，使奶牛單產(chǎn)水平顯著提高。Theregionhasappliedthefeedingtechniqueoftotalmixedrationinleadingdairyfarms,significantlyincreasingunityield.二、主要做法Ⅱ.MajorPractices（三）大力開展優(yōu)質(zhì)飼草料生產(chǎn)，建立推廣應(yīng)用新機(jī)制3.Promotequalityfeedproductionandestablish,extendandapplyanewmechanism一些規(guī)模奶牛場開始采用沼氣和微生物技術(shù)處理糞便，利用糞便加工制作復(fù)合有機(jī)肥，不僅優(yōu)化了農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，而且?guī)?dòng)了飼草料加工利用，推進(jìn)了健康養(yǎng)殖。Somelargedairyfarmshasbeguntotreatfeceswithmethaneandmicroorganismtechniquestoproducecompoundorganicfertilizer,whichnotonlyoptimizestheagriculturalstructure,butalsodrivestheprocessingoffeed,thuspromotinghealthybreeding.二、主要做法Ⅱ.MajorPractices二、主要做法Ⅱ.MajorPractices（四）依法加強(qiáng)原奶收購流通市場監(jiān)管，規(guī)范原料奶市場4.Regulatetherawmilkmarketbystrengthensupervisionofmilkpurchaseandcirculation2004年以來，自治區(qū)農(nóng)牧廳、工商局和質(zhì)量技術(shù)監(jiān)督局聯(lián)合制定了《寧夏回族自治區(qū)生鮮牛奶收購質(zhì)量監(jiān)督管理辦法》，對(duì)原料奶的生產(chǎn)、加工、運(yùn)輸和銷售各環(huán)節(jié)監(jiān)管做了明確規(guī)范。In2004,theDepartmentofAgricultureandAnimalHusbandry,AdministrationforIndustryandCommerceandBureauofQualityandTechnicalSupervisionconstitutedtheMeasurefortheTechnicalSupervisionofRawMilkPurchaseofNingxia,providingspecificcriteriafortheproduction,processing,transportationandsalesofrawmilk.各地相應(yīng)成立了聯(lián)合執(zhí)法大隊(duì)，科學(xué)設(shè)置原料奶收購市場準(zhǔn)入條件，規(guī)范原料奶收購秩序，嚴(yán)厲打擊無證經(jīng)營、摻假使假、惡意競爭等不法行為，初步建立起了運(yùn)行規(guī)范，收購暢通的市場秩序。Accordingly,alliedlawenforcementcorpswereestablishedtosetscientificmarketentranceconditionsofmilkpurchasers,regulatethepurchasingorder,strikeonillegalpracticessuchasun-certifiedoperation,addingshammilkandviciouscompetition,whichhelpedtoestablisharegulatedandsmoothly-operatingmarket.2008年元月1日《寧夏奶業(yè)發(fā)展條例》正式頒布實(shí)施，為我區(qū)原料奶收購市場的規(guī)范創(chuàng)造了良好的法制環(huán)境。InJan.1,2008,theRegulationsontheDevelopmentofDairyIndustryinNingxiacameintoeffect,whichcreatedafavorablelegalenvironmentforregulatingtherawmilkmarket.（五）加快建設(shè)優(yōu)質(zhì)奶源基地，促進(jìn)乳品加工企業(yè)發(fā)展5.Speedupthebuildingofqualitymilksourcebasestofacilitatethedevelopmentofdairyprocessingenterprises全區(qū)開工生產(chǎn)的各類乳品加工企業(yè)24家，年加工鮮奶能力120萬噸。Theregionhas24dairyprocessingenterpriseswithatotalannualcapacityof1.2milliontons.2007年實(shí)際加工鮮奶65萬噸，比2003年增長了2.5倍，生產(chǎn)液態(tài)奶12.78萬噸，奶粉5.26萬噸，實(shí)現(xiàn)銷售收入12.17億元，比2003年增長了3倍。In2007,650,000tonsofmilkwasprocessed,2.5timeshigherthan2003;127,800tonsofliquidmilkand52,600tonsofmilkpowderwereproducedwithsalesof1.217billionRMB,3timeshigherthan2003.新華百貨夏進(jìn)公司躋身國家農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化重點(diǎn)龍頭企業(yè)，產(chǎn)品獲得中國名牌產(chǎn)品稱號(hào)。XiajinMilkhasbecomeoneoftheleadingcompaniesinChineseagriculturalindustrializationprogram,anditsproductshavebeennamedChineseName-BrandProducts.一批區(qū)外知名企業(yè)相繼在我區(qū)投資建廠，奶牛養(yǎng)殖的發(fā)展空間不斷擴(kuò)大。Anumberofwell-knowncompaniesinvestedintheregion,enlargingtheroomforfurtherdevelopmentofdairyhusbandry.二、主要做法Ⅱ.MajorPractices奶牛生產(chǎn)水平參差不齊，既有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化規(guī)模化程度較高的大型奶牛場（小區(qū)），又有分散的小戶飼養(yǎng)，小生產(chǎn)與大市場的矛盾突出；Productioncapabilityvaries.Thoughwehavemanylarge-scalestandardfarms,thereisstilltheproblemofsmall-scaleproductionversusalargemarketduetotheexistenceofabignumberofhouseholdbusinesses.動(dòng)物疫情形勢嚴(yán)峻，兩病檢疫凈化難度加大；Zoonoticdiseasesarestillathreat.Quarantineanddecontaminationoftuberculosisandbrucellosisisbecomingincreasinglydifficult.奶農(nóng)的組織化程度不高，養(yǎng)殖專業(yè)合作組織發(fā)展滯后，乳品加工企業(yè)與奶農(nóng)的利益聯(lián)接機(jī)制尚未完全建立；Milkfarmersarenothighlyorganized,professionalcooperativeorganizationsisdevelopingslowly,andtheinterestsharingsystembetweenprocessorsandfarmershasn’tbeenwelldeveloped.缺乏優(yōu)勢龍頭企業(yè)和優(yōu)勢品牌的帶動(dòng)，乳品加工企業(yè)大多數(shù)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模小，產(chǎn)品單一，技術(shù)水平和產(chǎn)品附加值不高，作為日常消費(fèi)品缺乏知名品牌，乳制品市場占有率不高，目標(biāo)市場開拓力不夠，競爭力不強(qiáng)等制約著我區(qū)奶業(yè)的發(fā)展壯大。Thereisnocompanyorbrandstrongenoughtoleadthedevelopmentofthedairyindustryinthisregion.Mostdairyprocessorsaresmalloneswithoutadvancedtechniquethatproduceidenticalproductswithlowaddedvalue.Tobestronger,thedairyindustrystillneedstoaddressproblemssuchaslackoffamousbrand,smallmarketshare,under-developedtargetmarketsandweakcompetitiveness.三、主要問題Ⅲ.MajorIssues四、今后發(fā)展思路和目標(biāo)

Ⅳ.GuidelinesandGoalsforFurtherDevelopment

以黨的“十七大”精神為指導(dǎo)，全面貫徹落實(shí)《國務(wù)院關(guān)于促進(jìn)奶業(yè)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展的意見》（國發(fā)[2007]31號(hào)），把發(fā)展現(xiàn)代奶業(yè)放在更加重要的位置，以保護(hù)奶農(nóng)利益為根本，以提高良種化水平和轉(zhuǎn)變飼養(yǎng)方式為基礎(chǔ)。強(qiáng)化奶源基地和良種繁育體系建設(shè)，培育壯大乳品加工企業(yè)，建立完善奶業(yè)法律法規(guī)、質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范的市場秩序，加快奶業(yè)新技術(shù)引進(jìn)和推廣應(yīng)用，提高奶業(yè)集約化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化和優(yōu)質(zhì)化水平，增強(qiáng)市場競爭力，促進(jìn)奶業(yè)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。Guidedbytheprinciplesofthe17thNationalCongressofCPCandtheOpinionsofStateCouncilonPromotingtheSustainableandSoundDevelopmentofDairyIndustry,theregiongiveshighprioritytothedevelopmentofdairyindustry.Keepinginmindtheinterestofmilkfarmers,itseekstoimprovecattlevarietiesandtransfor