U1語法冠詞和特殊疑問句【知識要點】U1重點語法總結一、帶特殊疑問詞的特殊疑問句(what/where/when/how/who(whom)/whose/which/why/howold/howmany/howmuch/howlong/howoften/howsoon/howfar)要注意:對時間提問的幾個疑問詞when,howlong和howsoon的區(qū)別；對數(shù)量提問的howmany和howmuch的區(qū)別(另外howmuch還可以問價格)；二、不定冠詞(a/an)和定冠詞the的用法(首次提到某人或某物用不定冠詞,談到上文已經(jīng)提過的人或物用定冠詞)；三、連詞(and/but/so)的用法(and”和”表并列,but”但是”表轉折,so”所以”表結果)。具體講解一、疑問詞的用法以疑問代詞what,who,whom,whose,which或疑問副詞when,where,why,how等放在句首提問的句子，叫特殊疑問句。答句必須針對問句中的疑問詞來回答。疑問代詞：what用于對句子的主語、賓語、表語提問。用于提問“事情、東西”，還可以提問“姓名、職業(yè)、時間”等。Who,whom,whose只能指人，who“誰”，常作主語，whom“誰”，常作賓語，whose“誰的”，常作定語或表語。Who可用來代替whom,但前面有介詞時只能用whom,不能用who.which用來詢問人或物，一般有特定的選擇范圍。Whatdidyousay?Whatwouldyouliketoeattoday?What’syourbrother?=Whatdidyourbrotherdo?=what’syourbrother’sjob?WhotaughtyouEnglishlastyear?WhosefatherworksinBeijing?Whichisyoursisterofthetwogirls?2.when,where,why,how分別對時間、地點、原因和方式。Whendidyouarrivehere?你什么時候到這里的?Wherewereyoulastnight?你昨晚在哪里？Whywereyoulateagain?你怎么又遲到了？Howdoyougotoschool?你怎樣上學的？注：when與whattime的區(qū)別：when指的是大體的時間，而whattime詢問的是具體的時間。Whattimeshallwemeet?Atteno’clock.Whenshallwemeet?Tomorrow.3.howmany用于詢問“多少”，且后面接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。howmuch用于提問“多少”，后面接不可數(shù)名詞，也可對“錢”提問。Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?Thereare50studentsinourclass.Howmuchtimedowestillhave?Wehave15minutes.4.howold用于提問年齡“多大歲數(shù)”；howlong用于提問時間或長度“多長時間，長度多長”，回答用“for+一段時間”；howsoon用于提問時間“還要多久”，回答用“in+一段時間”；howfar提問距離“有多遠”；howoften用于提問頻率“多長時間一次”。Howoldisyoursister?Sheis14yearsold.Howlongwillyoustayhere?I’llstayherefortwodays.Howfarisitfromyourhousetotheschool?Itistwokilometersaway.5.形容詞及對應名詞how+形容詞=what+名詞形容詞long長的tall/high高的old年老的對應名詞length長，長度height高，高度age年齡Howoldareyou?=Whatisyourage?Howtallareyou?=Whatisyourheight?Howlongisthetable?=What’sthelengthofthetable?二、冠詞的用法冠詞分三種：定冠詞the，零冠詞/,不定冠詞a/an.1.不定冠詞有a和an兩個，泛指“一”的概念，但并不強調數(shù)量，只表示名詞為不特定者，且僅用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。a用于發(fā)音以輔音音標（不是以輔音字母）開頭的單詞前面；an用于發(fā)音以元音音標（不是元音字母）開頭的單詞前面。Mymotherisadoctor.Myfatherisanengineer.Thisisausefulbook.HeisaEuropean.Heisanhonestman.Heisfromauniversity.Thereisan“l(fā)”intheword“l(fā)eg”.(useful,university,European與a連用;honest,hour,honour與an連用)1、表示“一”，用于可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前。Thepanyneedsaworker.2、表示“一類”，指一類人或事物，用在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前。Anelephantisbiggerthanacat.3、某示“某一個”，不具體指明是何人何物。Ateacherwantstoseeyou.4、表示“每一”。Weworkfivedaysaweek.Youshouldtakethemedicinethreetimesaday.5、表示“第一次提到”；首次提到人或物，但不特別指明是哪一個Longlongago,therewasaking.6、用于固定詞組中：afew一些（加可數(shù)名詞）,alittle一些（加不可數(shù)名詞）,alotof許多,agreatdealof大量,amomentago剛才，afterawhile過了一會兒，apieceof一片，haveacold感冒，haveatry試一試，inaword總之，inahurry匆忙地，quiteanicedog相當好的一只小狗，suchasunnyday如此晴朗的一天定冠詞the二、定冠詞the的用法：①特指某些人或物

②談話雙方都熟悉的人或事

③上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事

④世界上獨一無二的事物前

⑤序數(shù)詞回形容詞最高級前

⑥某些專有名詞前

⑦一些習慣短語（如：intheday等）中和樂器前（如：playtheviolin/piano）三、不用冠詞（零冠詞）①名詞前已有作定語用的this、that、some、any、my等限定詞。②專有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前。

③表示學科的名詞前。④球類活動的名詞前及三餐總稱前。⑤復數(shù)名詞表示泛指（一類人或事）時。

⑥節(jié)日、季節(jié)、星期、月份前。

⑦表示顏色、語種和國家的非全稱名詞。⑧在稱呼或表示頭銜的名詞前。

⑨某些習慣短語中（如：inbed、gotoschool等）。三、連詞and,but,so的用法and用來連接具有并列或對稱結構的詞或句子，意為“和，及，并，又”。如：Ihaveshortblackhairandbrowneyes.MynameisSimonandmyChinesenameisLiPeichun.注：祈使句+and,and意為“那么”，表示結果;祈使句+or,or意為“否則”。Dosomething,andyouwill…做某事，你就會……Becareful,andyouwilldobetter.仔細些，你就會做得更好。Workharder,andyou’llpasstheexam.Workharder,oryou’llmisstheexam.but表轉折，意為“可是，但是”。如：Shesingswellbutshecannotdance.IcanspeakChinese,butIcannotwriteitverywell.注：Iamsorry,but…對不起，……Iamsorry,butIhavetolookaftermymother.so表因果關系，意為“所以，因此”。如：Itisnearmyhouse,soIcanwalktoschool.Hewasill,sohedidn’tgotoschool.注：because與so不能同時使用。此外：so也可表示：“如此地”，后面加形容詞或副詞原級sotall,sofastso……that如此……以致課堂練習詞匯題closetoAfarawayfromBnearCinthemiddleofDbetween2.friendlyAhappyBangryCkindDsorry3.I’dliketobeateacher.AwantBneedCmustDget4.hobbiesAthingsImustdoBthingsIwanttodoCthingsIhatedoingDthingsIlikedoing5.begoodatAwouldlikeBwanttoCdowellinDenjoyoneself6.pleteAfindBmakeCfinishDchoose7.everyoneAallpeopleBsomepeople8.allovertheworldAsomecountriesinBeverycountriesin單項選擇題1.——Areyouteacher?——No,Iamengineer.Aa;aBa;anCan;anDan;a2.MygrandparentsliveinflatinShenzhen.Whodothelive?Athe;forBthe;fromCa;withDa;to3.Doyouoftenyourfriend?Yes.Look,Ijustsentheremail.Aemail;anBemailto;aCemail;theDemailto;/4.IsLilygoodatEnglish?Yes,sheenjoysEnglish.Aread;readingBreading;readingCread;toreadDreading;toread5.Annaisanicegirl.Sheesfrom.Iwanttoher.AGerman;makefriendwithBGermany;makefriendswithCGerman;makefriendsofDGermany;makefriendsof6.Tinaplayingguitar.Andsheoftenpracticesit.Isherdreamanartist?Alikes;beBwouldlike;tobeClikes;tobeDwouldlike;be7.Iusuallygotoschoolbus.Howaboutyou?Igotoschoolfoot.Aon;byBby;onCby;byDon;with8.Simonwantsanengineerinthefuture.AbeBtobeCbeeDbees9.Hello,boysandgirls!myschool.AWeleBWeletoCWelingtoDWelesto10.IamgoodatEnglish,Iamnotgoodatphysics.AandBsoCbutDhowever填空1.Sheneverhelpshermother(do)thehousework.2.Iamkeenon(play)guitar.3.Doyouoftentalkabout(you)inyouremails?4.Ilike(make)friendsfromallovertheworld.5.Mybrother’shobbyis(drive).6.Heandhissisterbothwant(watch)thelatestfilm.7.Thetwinsenjoy(read)icsbooks.8.Areyougoodat(paint)?9.Jackesfrom(German),buthelivesinShenzhennow.10.Lilyhastwoefriendsfromdifferent(country).課堂練習一用a,an填空，使句子意思完整。Mr.Wangis______Englishteacherandhiswifeis____Chineseteacher.Thereis___appleonthetable.Itis____redapple.Thisis___emptytoo.Nobodyishere.Judyis____naughtyboyandLilyis______honestgirl.Thereis____Land___Uintheworduncle.Itisgoingtorain.Pleasebring______umbrellawithyou.Englishis____usefullanguage.Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneis____doctor.Theotheris____architect.Mypenfriendis____Englishman.Mysisterwantstobe___singerjustlikeSongZuying.Thisisn’t____Chinesecar.It’s_____Australiaone.Ittakesme____hourtofinishmyhomework.Where’sXiaoming?He’shaving_____rest._____book._____puter_____orange_____volleyball______language______island______eraserIwanttobuy____newbikeverymuch.Thisis_____newwatch.Itis____expensiveone.單項選擇1Canyouplay__________violin?Yes,Ican.A,theB,aC,anD,/2,Maryvanplay___________guitarbutshecan’tplay__________volleyball.A,the;theB,the;/C,/;theD,/;/3,Hecan’tplay____________volleyball.A,/B,anC,theD,a4,Thegirlplays_________pianowellbutshecan’tplay_________basketball.A,a;aB,a;theC,/;theD,the;/5,WangFangplays__________footballwell.A,aB,anC,theD,/6,Kateplays___________pianowellbutshecan’tplay_________basketball.A,a;theB,the;/C,the;theD,/;the7,Haveyougot__________idea?A,aB,anC,theD,/8Wehave__________ArtFestivaleachyear.A,aB,anC,/D,the9,An_________contestisonApril15th.A,aB,anC,/D,the10,I’vegot__________honestfriend.Weoftenhelpeachother.A,aB,anC,theD,/11,Wouldyoulike__________applejuice?A,aB,aglassC,someD,any12,__________youliketogowithme?A,CanB,CouldC,WillD,Would課后作業(yè)用適當?shù)墓谠~填空1,Thereis__________“m”intheword“name”.2,Tomis__________honestboy.3,Dashanworksin___________universityinChina.4,Hisfatheris__________engineer.5,Hehas__________uncleinhisfamily.6,Thedictionaryis__________usefultool.7,Thegirlwantstobe__________actress.8,Hisfavouritehobbyisplaying_________piano.9,After__________hour,theygottothemountain.10,Heenjoysplaying_________chess.練一練1、A:_______istheboyinblue?

B:He’sMike.2、A:_______walletisit?

B:It’smine.3、A:_______isthediary?

B:It’sunderthechair.4、A:_______istheChirstmasDay?

B:It’sonthe25thofDecember.5、A:_______aretheearphones?

B:Theyare25yuan.6、A:_______isthehairdryer?

B:It’sblue.7、A:_______isittoday?

B:It’sSunday.8、A:_______wasityesterday?

B:Itwasthe13thofOctober.9、A:_______thisredone?

B:It’sbeautiful.10、A:_______isitfromhere?

B:It’sabouttwokilometreaway.11、A:CanIhavesomepaperandsomecrayons?B:_______?

A:Iwanttomakeakite.12、A:_______oneisfatter,theblueoneortheredone?

B:Theblueone.13、A:_______isyourcousin?

B:He’s15yearsold.14、A:_______doyouhavedinner?

B:At6o’clock.單詞拼寫（共8分，每小題1分共8分）41.MydistobeascientistwhenIgrowup.42.Canyouhearthes?Thebirdissinginginthetree.43.Chinaisabigcwithalonghistory.44.Idon’tknowhisa.Maybeheisabout13yearsold.45.OurEnglishteacherisveryf_________.Wealllikeherverymuch.46