AP1000核電站FPS消防系統(tǒng)設(shè)計比較分析Abstract:Thispaperanalysesandcomparesthedesignoffireprotectionsystems(FPS)inAP1000nuclearpowerplants.ThefirstpartofthispaperdiscussestheimportanceofFPSinanuclearpowerplantandprovidesageneralbackgroundofAP1000nuclearpowerplant.ThemainfocusofthisstudyistheFPSdesignofAP1000nuclearpowerplantwhichinvolvestheuseofpassiveaswellasactivemeasurestopreventandcontrolfires.ThedifferentFPSdesignsolutionsofAP1000nuclearpowerplantsarethencomparedandanalysedtodeterminetheirrespectiveadvantagesanddisadvantages.ThispaperconcludesbyhighlightingthekeypointsandrecommendationsonFPSdesignforAP1000nuclearpowerplants.1.IntroductionFireprotectionsystems(FPS)playacrucialroleinthesafeoperationofnuclearpowerplants.FPSisacriticalcomponentthatisdesignedtopreventfiresfrominitiallyoccurringortocontrolthemquicklyiftheydooccur,thusensuringthesafetyofpersonnel,equipmentandtheenvironmentingeneral.ThesuccessfulimplementationofFPSrequiresacombinationofactiveandpassivemeasures,aswellasstrictadherencetonationaldesigncodesandstandards.TheAP1000nuclearpowerplantisastate-of-the-artnuclearpowerplantthathasbeendesignedtobebothsafeandefficient.ThedesignoftheFPSoftheAP1000nuclearpowerplantisuniqueduetoitsemphasisonpassivemeasureswhichhasmadeitoneofthesafestnuclearpowerplantsintheworld.2.BackgroundofAP1000NuclearPowerPlantTheAP1000nuclearpowerplantisapressurizedwaterreactor(PWR)thathasbeendesignedbyWestinghouseElectricCompany.Ithasacapacityofupto1250MWandisdesignedtobemoresafeandefficientthanitspredecessor,theAP600.TheAP1000nuclearpowerplantisbuilttowithstandexternalhazardssuchasearthquakes,hurricanes,floods,andexternalfires.Itisequippedwithadvancedwatertreatmentsystemsthataredesignedtoremovecontaminantsfromthewaterusedinthecoolingprocess.TheAP1000nuclearpowerplantisalsodesignedtooperateusingpassivecoolingsystemssuchasnaturalconvectionandgravity-drivensystems.3.FPSDesignofAP1000NuclearPowerPlantTheFPSdesignoftheAP1000nuclearpowerplantinvolvestheuseofbothpassiveandactivemeasurestopreventandcontrolfires.AcriticalfeatureoftheFPSoftheAP1000nuclearpowerplantistheuseofacombinationofpassivefeatureswhicharedesignedtocontrolfires,evenwithouttheinterventionofhumans.ThepassiveFPSmeasuresoftheAP1000nuclearpowerplantincludetheuseoffire-retardantmaterials,barriersdesignedtocontainfires,andthermalbarriersthatcanwithstandhightemperatures.TheAP1000nuclearpowerplantalsohasanautomaticdepressurizationsystem(ADS)thatisdesignedtoprotectthereactorpressurevesselfrompressurebuild-upduringafire.Inadditiontopassivemeasures,thereareseveralactivemeasuresusedintheFPSdesignoftheAP1000nuclearpowerplant.Theseactivemeasuresincludetheuseoffiredetectionandalarmsystems,fireextinguishingagents,andfiresuppressionsystems.Thefiredetectionandalarmsystemisdesignedtodetectandlocateafirewithinsecondsofitsoccurrence.Thefiresuppressionsystememploysacombinationofwaterandfoamtosuppressandextinguishthefire.TheFPSoftheAP1000nuclearpowerplantisalsodesignedtocontainanyfireintheroom,preventingitfromspreadingtootherareas.4.ComparisonandAnalysisofFPSDesignSolutionsTheFPSdesignoftheAP1000nuclearpowerplantisdifferentcomparedtotraditionalFPSdesignsusedinothernuclearpowerplants.Themostsignificantdifferenceistheemphasisonpassivemeasuresthataredesignedtocontrolfireswithouthumanintervention.TheuseofpassivemeasureshasresultedinamorereliableandsafeFPSdesignfortheAP1000nuclearpowerplant,whichhasresultedinitbeingoneofthesafestnuclearpowerplantsintheworld.TheAP1000nuclearpowerplanthasseveraladvantagesovertraditionalFPSdesigns.Forexample,itsignificantlyreducesthelikelihoodofhumanerrorintheeventofafire.Theuseofpassivemeasuresalsomakesitlessdependentonelectricityforfirecontrol,whichiscriticalintheeventofapowerfailure.However,theFPSdesignoftheAP1000nuclearpowerplantalsohassomedisadvantages.Forexample,itrequiresmorespaceandresourcesthantraditionalFPSdesigns.ThecostoftheFPSdesignoftheAP1000nuclearpowerplantisalsohighercomparedtotraditionalFPSdesigns.5.ConclusionandRecommendationsInconclusion,theFPSdesignoftheAP1000nuclearpowerplantisuniqueduetoitsemphasisonpassivemeasuresthataredesignedtocontrolfireswithouthumanintervention.TheFPSdesignoftheAP1000nuclearpowerplanthasseveraladvantagesovertraditionalFPSdesigns,notablyreducingtheriskofhumanerrorandlesseningdependenceonelectricityforfirecontrol.However,italsohassomedisadvantagessuchasrequiringmorespaceandresourcesandahighercost.Basedontheanalysis,itisrecommendedthatFPSdesignfornuclearpowerplantsshouldbeacombinationofpassiveandactivemeasures,asnosystemiscompletelyfoolproof