TEM4—Writing2010年TEM試卷PartVIWRITING(45MIN)SectionACOMPOSITION(35MIN)

Itwasrecentlyreportedinanewspaperthatsixstudentswhosharedadormatalocaluniversityhiredacleanertodolaundryandcleaningonceaweek.Andeachofthempaidher60Yuanamonth.Thishasledtoaheateddebateastowhethercollegestudentsshouldhirecleaners.WriteonANSWERSHEETTHREEacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:

ShouldCollegeStudentsHireCleaners?2021/12/21英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作Youaretowriteinthreeparts.Inthefirstpart,stateclearlywhatyourviewis.Inthesecondpart,supportyourviewwithappropriatereasons.Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheinstructionmayresultinalossofmarks.2021/12/22英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作專四作文要求專四作文要求：根據(jù)所給作文題目、提綱、數(shù)據(jù)等，在35分鐘內(nèi)寫200單詞的左右的作文，分值15分，要求：切題、完整、條理清楚、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、語(yǔ)法正確、語(yǔ)言通順、表達(dá)得體。體裁為議論文、說(shuō)明文（記敘文、描寫文沒有考過但不能排除）。2021/12/23英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作一、分析往屆真題，判斷作文命題方式

年份主題或題目題材體裁題型1995大學(xué)生打工利與弊學(xué)生業(yè)余生活議論文利弊比較1996大學(xué)生活與中學(xué)生活的不同學(xué)生生活說(shuō)明文對(duì)比說(shuō)明1997專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)壓力利或弊學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)議論文觀點(diǎn)議論1998一種解決城市空氣污染的辦法環(huán)境說(shuō)明文提出建議1999電視廣告的利或弊社會(huì)現(xiàn)象議論文利弊討論2000課外活動(dòng)的重要性學(xué)生生活說(shuō)明文觀點(diǎn)說(shuō)明2001旅游開闊視野大眾生活說(shuō)明文觀點(diǎn)說(shuō)明2002保持健康的最好辦法大眾生活說(shuō)明文提出建議2003保持好心情的重要性大眾生活說(shuō)明文觀點(diǎn)說(shuō)明2004電話是否會(huì)代替寫信？社會(huì)現(xiàn)象議論文觀點(diǎn)議論2021/12/24英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作2005為藝術(shù)節(jié)提建議校園文化生活說(shuō)明文提出建議2006攢錢/還是花明天的錢大眾生活議論文觀點(diǎn)議論2007網(wǎng)上交友理智嗎學(xué)生業(yè)余生活議論文觀點(diǎn)議論2008做志愿者的好處學(xué)生業(yè)余生活說(shuō)明文觀點(diǎn)議論2009旅游傷害環(huán)境嗎社會(huì)現(xiàn)象議論文觀點(diǎn)議論2010大學(xué)生聘用清潔工嗎學(xué)生業(yè)余生活議論文觀點(diǎn)議論2011私有車能交污染稅嗎？大眾生活議論文觀點(diǎn)議論2012端午節(jié)大眾生活說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明介紹2013節(jié)約花錢大眾生活議論文說(shuō)明觀點(diǎn)2014英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)大學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)議論文觀點(diǎn)議論

2021/12/25英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作二、專業(yè)四級(jí)命題的特點(diǎn)*題材常常涉及到學(xué)生生活，如學(xué)習(xí)、文化、課外活動(dòng)、文化藝術(shù)節(jié)等，大眾生活如身體健康的方法、心情愉快的重要性和旅游的作用等，一些社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問題和現(xiàn)象，如網(wǎng)絡(luò)、環(huán)境、科技的負(fù)面影響和私家車等話題。*體裁以說(shuō)明文和議論文為主，有時(shí)會(huì)有二者的配合使用。如“保持好心情的重要性”，首先要闡述出幾個(gè)重要性，屬于說(shuō)明文；然后在分析為什么要那樣做，屬于議論文。因此有的作文以說(shuō)明文為主，有的以議論文為主。2021/12/26英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作

*題型1）比較選擇類作文1995，1996，1999，2）意義、重要性、危害性說(shuō)明類作文2000，2001，2003，2006，2008,3）觀點(diǎn)論證類作文1997，2002，2004，2007，2009，2010，20114）提出建議、解決問題類作文1998，2005。2021/12/27英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作三、寫作步驟1.審清指令理解指令是寫作考試至關(guān)重要的環(huán)節(jié),因?yàn)橹噶畎藢?duì)作文主題、發(fā)展方式等方面的要求。例TheBestWaytoStayHealthy審題關(guān)鍵：theBESTway---doingexercises?----keepingabalanceddiet?----havingenoughsleep?2021/12/28英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作2.列出寫作提綱將主題思想具體化、條理化。理清思路，使文章有章可循，有理可依。保證不跑題,有利于整體布局。短語(yǔ)句子均可，自己看得懂即可。例TheBestWaytoStayHealthytheBESTway---doingexercisesREASONS:1.physicallystrong(lung,heart,bloodcirculation)2.Helptoimproveappetite3.Helptoreleasepressure---relaxation4.Helptobuildconfidence(byrace,competition)---mentallystrongconclusion2021/12/29英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作3.確定主題句：主題句是確保不跑題的前提。寫主題句最保險(xiǎn)的方法就是將考試提示中的關(guān)鍵句，甚至標(biāo)題加以靈活應(yīng)用，考生可以直接把它擴(kuò)充為主題句topicsentence。4.安排結(jié)構(gòu)

指令對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有規(guī)定：第一段明確觀點(diǎn)（簡(jiǎn)單導(dǎo)入和主題思想句）；第二段提供理由和事例（主題句和有說(shuō)服力的細(xì)節(jié)和事件---一定是具體的例子和事件，不要空虛的套話）；第三段歸納總結(jié)（使用表示總結(jié)的詞匯或詞組，不要引出新觀點(diǎn)）。2021/12/210英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作5.草稿寫作

按照擬訂的提綱進(jìn)行充實(shí)，補(bǔ)充必要的細(xì)節(jié)。在打草稿的過程中可以不局限于提綱，任意發(fā)揮。以提綱為指導(dǎo)，對(duì)主題思想整體布局，通盤考慮?？梢詫?duì)提綱進(jìn)行調(diào)整和修改。6.適當(dāng)修改

主題思想明確，文章不偏題；細(xì)節(jié)與主題密切相關(guān)；句子和段落間的銜接；文章無(wú)標(biāo)點(diǎn)、拼寫、大小寫和語(yǔ)法方面的錯(cuò)誤。2021/12/211英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作四.段落的寫法句子分布：按照專業(yè)四級(jí)作文的要求，在35分鐘寫一篇200左右的短文，因此全文只能有13-14個(gè)句子，其中引言段3，4，3句，正文段8，7，7句，結(jié)語(yǔ)段3，3，4句即可。2021/12/212英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作四.開頭的寫法開頭—利用指令改寫Inthisfast-pacedsociety,peopleareconfrontedwithstressinavarietyofdirectionslikeeducation,careerorfamily.Therefore,tokeepagoodmoodisofgreatsignificancetofightagainstpressurefromallaspectsoflife.2021/12/213英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作開頭—開門見山Theimportanceofkeepingagoodmoodcanneverbeoverstated.Ihavethefollowingreasonstosupportthisstatement.2021/12/214英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作開頭—名言、數(shù)據(jù)等+觀點(diǎn)避免寫作的主觀性，可以在作文中出現(xiàn)別人的聲音：1.如數(shù)據(jù)（Accordingtoarecentpoll,61percentofAmericanhighschoolstudentshaveadmittedcheatingonexamsatleastonce.）、2.別人的話（Myteacheroftensaidthatyoucan’ttellabookbyitscover.）、3.名人的至理名言（“Lovemakesallhardheartsgentle”byGeorgeHerbert）、4.諺語(yǔ)（Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.）名言都有固定的句式，不確信最好不用。Hobbiesarethebestteacher.2021/12/215英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作開頭—提問：注意人稱的變換-we,you,it?Areyouinagoodmoodtoday?Doyoutakeagoodmoodasanimportantpartofyourlife?Definitely,theimportanceofagoodmoodcanneverbeoverstressed.Thefollowingreasonscanaccountforwhyagoodmoodissoimportant.Firstly,agoodcanhelpus

…….2021/12/216英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作五、中間段/主體段的寫法中間段要有主題句（topicsentence)主旨句是針對(duì)全篇文章，是全文內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，并依靠全文的段落支持。因此應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在開頭段里。主題句是對(duì)整個(gè)段落而言，它是段落思想的概括，并靠整個(gè)段落中的例子、細(xì)節(jié)等來(lái)支持、開展。2021/12/217英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作RequirementsofaGoodTopicSentence1）Topicsentenceshouldbeacompletesentencewithacompletemeaning.Manyitemstobereadyforasafe,enjoyablehike.Ineedmanyitemstobereadyforasafe,enjoyablehike.

2021/12/218英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作Topicsentenceshouldnotbetoogeneralandshouldbeclearinmeaning.

Televisionisveryimportant.

Televisionplaysaneducationalroleindailylife.2021/12/219英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作3)Topicsentenceshouldhavepracticalcontent.(主題句內(nèi)容必須具體。)Toimprovereadingability,oneneedstoacquiresomereadingskills.ToimproveEnglishproficiency,oneneedtoacquiresomeskills.2021/12/220英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作4)Topicsentenceshouldnotbeaspecificdescription.(描寫細(xì)節(jié)的句子不能作主題句。)1.Hesenthiswifeadiamondringonherthirtiethbirthday.2.Theymovedtoanewapartmentlastmonth.3.Heencounteredanoldfriendyesterday.2021/12/221英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作5)Topicsentence:topic+controllingideaBeforewritinganyessayorevenaparagraph,itisimportanttothink:--thetopic--whatyouwanttosayaboutthetopic(controllingidea).

2021/12/222英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作Peoplecanavoidburglariesbytakingcertainprecautions.

Topic:avoidburglariesControllingidea:bytakingcertainprecautionsThereareseveraladvantagestogrowingupinasmalltown.

Topic:growingupinasmalltownControllingidea:severaladvantagesMostUSuniversitiesrequirea550pointTOEFLscoreforanumberofreasons.

Topic:MostUS…scoreControllingidea:foranumberofreasons2021/12/223英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作requirements:

1.Topicsentenceshouldbecompletesentences. 2.Topicsentence

should

notbetoogeneral

andshouldbe

clearinmeaning.

3.Topicsentenceshouldhave

practicalcontent.

4.Topicsentenceshould

notbeaspecificdescription.5.Topicsentenceincludes:topic+controllingidea.2021/12/224英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作Practice:writeatleasttwotopicsentencesforthefollowingtopicsFirecrackersshouldbebanned.Reducewasteoncampus.HowIfinancemycollegeeducation.Tourismbringsharmtotheenvironment.Ipreferlivinginruralareastolivinginurbanareas.2021/12/225英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作Firecrackersshouldbebanned.Firecrackersformapotentialcauseforfireaccidents.Firecrackersmaycauseinjuriestoboththepeoplewhosetthemoffandtheinnocentbystanders.Firecrackerspolluteair.Firecrackersareawasteofmoneyandresources.2021/12/226英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作Reducewasteoncampus.Trytoavoidusingdisposable/throwawaytableware.Ifwearethelastonetoleavethedormorclassroom,remembertoturnoffthelights.2021/12/227英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作HowIfinancemycollegeeducation.Icanaskmyparentsforhelpiftheyhavenicecareers.Withthehelpofmyteacher,Icanapplyforaloanespeciallyprovidedforcollegestudentsbythestate.Icanalsodoapart-timejobtomakesomemoney.2021/12/228英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作Tourismbringsharmtotheenvironment.Intheprocessofexploitingascenicspot,theconstructionofartificialfacilitieswillhavecertainunfavorableeffectsontheenvironment.Sometouristsdon'thavetheawarenesstoprotecttheenvironment,anddestroytheenvironment.2021/12/229英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作Ipreferlivinginruralareastolivinginurbanareas.Livinginaruralareakeepsmeawayfromallkindsofpollution.Livinginaruralarea,Iwillhavelessworkingpressure.Livinginaruralarea,Ienjoymoreharmoniousinterpersonalrelationships.2021/12/230英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作細(xì)節(jié)的展開表示不同關(guān)系的連接詞匯，如:1）時(shí)間（tobeginwith,moreover,finally;firstofall,next,then,eventually;first,second,third）2）因果(owingto,dueto,inthisway,asaresult,forthisreason,consequently,accordingly)3）比較、對(duì)比(unlike,incontrast,onthecontrary,similarly,inthesameway,inlikemanner,justas,whereas,inspiteof)2021/12/231英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作細(xì)節(jié)的展開4）附加

(besides,notonly…butalso,apartfrom,furthermore)5）遞進(jìn)(furthermore,moreover,equallyimportant,lastbutnotleast,additionally,likewise,aswellas,besides)6）舉例acaseinpoint,toillustrate,take…forexample,asfollows,asanillustration,justas)2021/12/232英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作7）讓步(inspiteof,regardlessof,eventhough,whereas)8）轉(zhuǎn)折(ontheotherside,onthecontrary,nevertheless)9）解釋、同位(roughlymeans,inotherwords,as…suggests,asregards,asfor,intermsof,thatistosay…,withregardto)10）選擇(orrather,ratherthan,not…but,whether…or,alternately,neither…nor,either..Or)2021/12/233英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作11）總結(jié)(allinall,inshort,ashasbeenmentioned,toconclude,inconclusion,insummary,onthewhole)Wecandrawtheconclusionfromwhatwehavetalkedabout…Personally,I…Forthesereasons…Accordingtotheaboveanalysis,wecanarriveattheconclusionthat…等連詞，如能恰當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)用在作文中，會(huì)增加連貫性，使句子地道流暢。2021/12/234英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作七范文賞析怎樣利用范文背范文：不同類型各背一遍，背熟（背不熟與不背是一樣的）熟到可以默寫下來(lái)（10-15分鐘）對(duì)照原文找錯(cuò)誤，即弱點(diǎn)（拼寫、語(yǔ)法、標(biāo)點(diǎn)，時(shí)態(tài)等）背后要有意識(shí)用，即仿寫，背誦的表達(dá)用得越多越好堅(jiān)持此種方法練筆，必會(huì)有所收獲2021/12/235英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作ShouldCollegeStudentsHireCleaners?Accordingtoarecentreport,sixuniversitystudentshiredcleanerstocleantheirdormanddotheirlaundryeveryweek.Althoughwehavenorighttotellthemwhattodowiththeirmoney,asauniversitystudentmyself,Ifindthispracticeabsurd.(第一段必須提出觀點(diǎn))Forastart,awayfromourparents,itisinuniversitythatwelearntobeindependentadults.Cleaningtheroomanddoingone’slaundryarethemostbasiclivingskills.Ifwealwaysdependonotherstotakecareofus,howcanwesurvivewhenthereisnoonetohelpus?Howcanwetakeonanyresponsibilitywhenwestepintosociety?2021/12/236英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作Foranother,

thepracticereflectstheirflippantattitudetowardsmoney.Themoneytheypaidforthecleanersprobablycomesfromtheirparents,whomustbeverydepressedoncetheyknowthetruth.Italso

setsaverybadprecedentoncampus.Otherstudentsmayfollowsuittoshowthewealthoftheirfamilies;orworse,theytendtothinkmoneycanbuythemanythinginthisworld,whichobviouslyiswrong.Allinall,Ithinkwemustdoawaywiththispractice.Otherwise,wemayneverappreciatethegoodvalueofmoneyandanindependentwayoflife.Thebetterandsoonerwecantakecareofourselves,themoreproudourparentswillbe.2021/12/237英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作(2)TheBenefitsofVolunteeringDirections:December5thisInternationalVolunteersDay.Since1985,whentheUnitedNationsannouncedthedpecialday,tensofmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldhavevolunteeredtohelpthoseinneed.Chinanowhas4.5millionregisteredvolunteerswhohaveprovidedmorethan4.5billionhoursofvolunteerwork.Whatcanyougainfromvolunteering?(注意審題，whoareYOUhere?)2021/12/238英語(yǔ)專四作文寫作Volunteeringmeansbeingwillingtohelppeopleinneedandmakecontributionstosocietyfornofinancialrewards.Needlesstosay,v