三江源國家公園管理體制研究AbstractWiththepurposeofpreservingtheecologicalandculturalheritageoftheThree-Rivers-SourceNationalPark,acomprehensiveecologicalprotectionzonewasestablishedin2018.Theimplementationofthispolicyhasledtothedevelopmentofauniquemanagementsystem,whichinvolvesthecooperationofvariousadministrativeinstitutions.ThispaperexploresthechallengesandopportunitiespresentedbytheconservationeffortsoftheThree-Rivers-SourceNationalParkandevaluatestheeffectivenessofthecurrentmanagementsystem.IntroductionTheThree-Rivers-SourceNationalParkislocatedintheQinghai-TibetPlateauandcoversanareaofapproximately123,100squarekilometers.Theparkishometoseveraldistinctivenaturallandscapes,includingtheSanjiangyuanNatureReserve,thesourceoftheYangtze,Yellow,andLancangRivers.Additionally,theparkisaculturalheritagesiteduetothepresenceoftheTibetan,Tu,andHuiethnicgroupsintheregion.Inrecognitionofitsecologicalandculturalsignificance,theChinesegovernmentestablishedtheThree-Rivers-SourceNationalParkin2018withtheobjectiveofpreservingitsnaturalresourcesandculturalheritage.Theparkisthefirstofitskindtoprovidecomprehensiveecologicalprotectionfortheregion,andauniquemanagementsystemhasbeendevisedtosupportthisinitiative.Thepurposeofthispaperistoevaluatetheimplementationofthispolicyandexplorethechallengesandopportunitiesithaspresented.ChallengesTheimplementationoftheThree-Rivers-SourceNationalParkpolicyhaspresentedseveralchallenges.Themostsignificantchallengeisthecoordinationofvariousadministrativeinstitutionsinvolvedinthemanagementofthepark.Theparkspansacrossthreeprovincesandtwoautonomousregions,andthemanagementsystemmustcoordinatetheeffortsofmultiplegovernmentsatthelocal,provincial,andnationallevels.Thediversityofinstitutionshascreateddifficultiesinensuringconsistentpolicyimplementationandeffectivecommunication,organization,andplanning.AnotherchallengeposedbytheThree-Rivers-SourceNationalParkpolicyisthecompetitionamongmultiplestakeholdergroupsthatincludetourismoperators,conservationists,andlocalcommunities.Theparkhasreceivedincreasedattentionfromthetourismindustry,andthereisariskthatover-tourismcouldleadtoenvironmentaldegradationanddamagetotheculturalheritagesites.Theconflictsbetweentourismandconservationinterestsrequireadelicatebalancethatprioritizesthepreservationofthenaturalandculturalresourcesofthepark.OpportunitiesDespitethechallengespresentedbytheThree-Rivers-SourceNationalParkpolicy,itprovidesseveralsignificantopportunities.Theestablishmentoftheparkhasresultedinincreasedawarenessoftheecologicalandculturalsignificanceoftheregion.Theeffectiveimplementationofthepolicywillensuretheprotectionofthenaturalresourcesandculturalheritageofthepark,promotingsustainableandresponsibletourisminthearea.Additionally,thecomprehensivemanagementsystemhasopenedupopportunitiesforinterdisciplinaryresearchandcollaboration.Themanagementsystemhasbroughttogetherscientists,culturalheritageexperts,andgovernmentofficialstoworktowardsthecommonobjectiveofpreservingtheThree-Rivers-SourceNationalPark'sheritage.EffectivenessofcurrentmanagementsystemThecurrentmanagementsystemoftheThree-Rivers-SourceNationalParkisauniqueandcomplexstructurethatisstillinitsearlystagesofimplementation.Nevertheless,themanagementsystemhasprovidedaframeworkthatsupportstheobjectivesofthepark'sestablishment.Theparkmanagementcommitteeisresponsibleforpolicy-making,whiletheadministrationbureauisresponsibleforon-sitemanagement.Theestablishmentoftheparkhasresultedinanincreaseinthenumberofecologicalandculturalmonitoringstationsinthearea,andthesesiteshavecollaboratedtocreateacohesivemonitoringnetwork.Thesestationscollectandanalyzedataonthepark'snaturalresources,biodiversity,andculturalheritage,providingvaluableinsightsintothepark'smanagement.Thecurrentmanagementsystemalsoencouragespublicparticipationandcommunityengagementintheconservationeffortsofthepark.Severalparticipatoryapproaches,includingcommunityecologicalmanagement,havebeenimplementedtopromoteresponsibletourismandestablishasenseofownershipamonglocalcommunities.ConclusionTheThree-Rivers-SourceNationalParkpolicyisauniqueandcomplexmanagementsystemthatseekstopreservethenaturalandculturalheritageoftheQinghai-TibetPlateau.Theestablishmentoftheparkhasprovidednumerousopportunitiesforinterdisciplinaryresearchandcollaboration.Nevertheless,thepolicyhaspresentedchallenges,includingthecoordinationofmultipleadministrativeinstitutionsandstakeholdergroups.Thecurrentmanagementsystemhasprovidedaframeworkthat