2021年高考題和模擬題分項(xiàng)匯編

專題08閱讀理解七選五

1.12021?全國乙卷】

AccordingtoJessicaHagy,authorofHowtoBeInteresting,ifsnotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingata

dinnerparty.

36,ifyou'reoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou'rewanderingintosomebody'shousefbrthefirsttime.So

themainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.

Peoplelovetotalkaboutthemselves.Ifyoucanstarttheconversationwithaquestionotherthan“Whatdoyou

doforaliving?",you'llbeabletogetalotmoreinterestingconversationoutofwhomeveritisyou'retalkingto.

37,itcanbringin“Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle^^or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowere

laughingatsillyjokesintheback.^^Itjustopensupconversation.

38?Ifyoucan'ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox（講臺）.If

you'rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthe

situation.39

Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou'refacedwithanawkwardsilenceata

dinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment（贊揚(yáng)）.

40.Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.”

Sobeinginterestingatadinnerpartyisn'tthathard.

A.Howdoyouknowthehost

B.Thefirststepistogoexploring

C.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?^^

D.Bepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangers

E.Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay

F.Whataboutthatpersonwhohadtoomuchtodrinkorwon'tstoptalking

G.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost

【答案】36.B37.C38.F39.E40.G

【解析】

【分析】本文是?篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在晚宴上讓自己表現(xiàn)得有趣的一些方法。

【36題詳解】

根據(jù)上文"it'snotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty（在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣并不難）”可

知，下文應(yīng)主要講述如何在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣。下文“Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbe

adventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.（所以最主要的事情就是去嘗試，去冒險，嘗試不同

的食物，和陌生人交談）”可推知，本段主要說明想在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣，就要勇于冒險，勇于探索。

由此可知,B項(xiàng)“Thefirststepistogoexploring（第一步是去探索）”承上啟下,符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。

【37題詳解】

根據(jù)下文“itcanbringin“Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle^^or"Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewho

werelaughingatsillyjokesintheback."Itjustopensupconversation.（它可以帶入“我有這輛破舊的車”或“我

和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑話的瘋子一起乘坐公共汽車?！彼皇谴蜷_了對話）”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該是提了一

個不太好的問題，只是開始交流，但并不會給人留下有趣的印象。由此可知,C項(xiàng)uIfyouaskthequestion<4How

didyougethere?”（如果你問“你是怎么到這里來的？”這個問題）”能夠承接下文，符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。

【38題詳解】

根據(jù)下文“Ifyoucan、taketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox.Ifyou，rethehost,

youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.（如果你不能拿

走他們的酒，你當(dāng)然應(yīng)該讓他們離開講話的地方。如果你是主人，你可以讓他們到廚房幫你做點(diǎn)什么，只

是為了讓他們擺脫那種情景）”可知，此處指出了一個問題的解決辦法。由此推知，設(shè)空處提到了一個棘手

的問題。F項(xiàng)“Whataboutthepersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon'tstoptalking（喝太多酒或一直說個

不停的人怎么辦）”正是提出的問題，引出下文的解決辦法，符合題意。故選F項(xiàng)。

【39題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Ifyoucan'ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox（講臺）.Ifyou're

thehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.（如果

你不能拿走他們的酒，你當(dāng)然應(yīng)該讓他們離開講話的地方。如果你是主人，你可以讓他們到廚房幫你做點(diǎn)

什么，只是為了讓他們擺脫那種情景）”可知，本段主要是為解決“喝太多酒或一直說個不?！边@個問題提

供方法。由此可知，E項(xiàng)“Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay（或者把談話變成他

們沒什么可說的話題）”是提出的另一個解決辦法，承接上文，符合題意。故選E項(xiàng)。

【40題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Ifyou'refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryone

talkingagainistogivethehostacompliment.（如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尷尬的沉默，唯一能讓大家再次交談的方

法就是贊美主人）”可知，此處指出贊美主人可以緩解尷尬的沉默，設(shè)空處承上啟下，下文"Thiscakeis

extremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.（這蛋糕特別好吃，你得告訴我它的一切）”對主人進(jìn)行了

贊美。由此可知，宴會上出現(xiàn)尷尬的沉默時，最尷尬的就是主人，所以需要贊美主人來緩解尷尬。G項(xiàng)“He

orsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost（他或她是最能感受到那種尷尬的人）”

承上啟下，符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)

2.[2021?新高考I卷】

MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.36Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantastically

expensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.

Theplacewasn'tentirelyauthentic,though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbing（水管）

worked.37Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,"Ouverturedesportes/9inperfect

French.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andifsashameIdon'thavemuchuseforit.

Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacouple

ofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.38Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.

Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.

39OnourfirstmorninginParis,Iwentaroundthecornertothefoodmarkettopickupsomegroceries.

Iboughtahandfulofperfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.MyhusbandandIagreedtheywere

thebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!

InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency.

Youcantellthisbycafeslife.Frenchcafesarealwayscrowded.40Whendothesepeoplework?The

Frenchtaketheir35-hourworkweekseriously—soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwitha

groupofcompanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.

B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.

C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.

D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.

E.That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.

F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.

G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.

[答案】36.F37.C38.G39.E40.A

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要講述了作者夫婦兩人在巴黎的居住的感受。首先，作者介紹了她住的房子;

其次，說明了巴黎人生活非常精致的原因；最后，說明法國人對待生活的態(tài)度，相較于工作效率他們更看

重生活品質(zhì)。

【36題詳解】

上文“MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.（我丈夫和我剛在巴黎待了一周）”說明了背景；下文“Sothe

firstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.（所以我們做的第一

件事就是租了一個非常昂貴公寓，在第六層，只有一個櫥柜那么大）”是空格處的結(jié)果，因此空格處需要填

原因；根據(jù)F項(xiàng)“Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.（我們的目標(biāo)是看看我們

是否在某種程度上可以活的像巴黎人。）”可知，作者要在巴黎住下來，所以需要租房子，兩句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)

系。故選F項(xiàng)。

【37題詳解】

上文“Theplacewasn'tentirelyauthentic,though.（不過，這個地方并不是地道的法國住房）”是段落的中心句，

說明第二段主要內(nèi)容是講解公寓的情況。下文提到了樓宇和電梯的情況。C項(xiàng)“Therewasanicekitchenand

acomfortablebed.（有一個漂亮的國房和一張舒適的床）”提到了廚房和床，這些都屬于公寓的配置。故選C

項(xiàng)。

[38題詳解】

上文”...theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.（他們吃得很好，而且從不發(fā)胖）”提及了食物。下文“French

strawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.（法國草莓嘗起

來不像紙板。相反，它們會像小炸彈一樣在你嘴里爆炸）”在說明法國的草莓很好吃。上下文結(jié)合可知，因

為法國的食物質(zhì)量很高，所以不用吃很多就能很滿足，同時吃的少也就不會發(fā)胖了。G項(xiàng)“Thefoodisso

deliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.（食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快樂）”

符合語境要求。故選G項(xiàng)。

【39題詳解】

第三段主要描述了作者夫妻去了采購了食物，買了草莓。下文"MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruit

wehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!（我丈夫和我都認(rèn)為這是我們吃過的最好的水果。但它們要18美元!）”

說明法國的水果好吃但是也很貴。選項(xiàng)E**That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.（這并不是

法國人吃得比我們少的唯一原因）”承接了上一段關(guān)于法國人吃的少但是不胖的話題，同時引起下文，給出

了法國人吃的少的另一個原因‘物價貴'。故選E項(xiàng)。

【40題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency（效率）.Youcantellthisbycafeslife.

FrenchcafCsarealwayscrowded.（在法國生活質(zhì)量比效率更重要。這一點(diǎn)你能從咖啡館生活看出來。法國的

咖啡廳總是很擁擠）”可知，上文說明了法國人對待工作不是很積極且咖啡廳里顧客很多。下文“Whendo

thesepeoplework?（這些人什么時候工作？）”是一個問句，說明本句屬于過渡句，承接上文說明咖啡廳里的

造成擁擠的客人的情況，A選項(xiàng)中有“customer”符合咖啡館的情境設(shè)定，同時講述了不是所有的客人都是

游客，那么意味著大部分人都是當(dāng)?shù)厝耍舷挛牡奶釂?。故選A項(xiàng)。

3.12021?全國甲卷】

Swap,Don'tshop!

Youkeephearingaboutrecycling,right?Butitdoesn'tendwithbottles,cans,andpaper.Clothingtakesahuge

amountofnaturalresources（資源）tomake,andbuyingloadsofnewclothing（orthrowingoutoldclothing）isnot

healthyfortheenvironment.Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them

clothespiledonyourbedroomfloor?16.It'sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfrom

yourfriends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.

Asuccessfulswapdependsontheselectionofclothes,theorganizationoftheevent,and,obviously,howmuch

funishad.It'sreallyeasytodo!Hereareafewpointers.

?Invite5-10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.17,andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoose

from;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.

?18Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir"new"clotheshome.

?Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.19Placeafewmirrorsaroundyour

roomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhentheytrythemon.Oneofthegroundrulesoftheswapshouldbethat

everyonemusttryontheclothesbeforetheytakethem-thingsalwayslookdifferentwhenyouputthemon.

?Setastartingtime.Maybeyousay"go,"orturnonacertainsong,orwhatever.20.Anddon'tforget

toputoutsomecookiesandfruits.Remember,it'saparty!

A.Lesspeoplethanthat

B.Holdaclothingswap

C.Iftwopeoplearecompeting

D.Justkeepmusicplayingthroughout

E.Donatewhateverclothesareleftover

FHaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspots

G.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition

【答案】16.B17.A18.G19.F20.D

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了通過衣物交換來處理舊衣服的方法一一衣物交換派對，以及一些具

體的流程。

【16題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-little-sick-of-themclothespiledonyour

bedroomfloor?（那么，該如何處理那些堆在臥室地板上的（看起來）完好但你可能有點(diǎn)厭倦的衣服呢？）”

提出關(guān)于如何解決舊衣物的問題。下文"It'sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyour

friends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.（這是扔掉舊衣服、從朋友那里買衣服、同時開派對的最好方法。）”

提到了具體處理舊衣物的方法。所以空白處應(yīng)起承上啟下的作用，承接上文講到的問題，啟下提出的方法。

因而空白處是提出了一種處理舊衣物的好方法。B項(xiàng)“Holdaclothingswap.（進(jìn)行衣物交換。）”給出了一

種處理舊衣物的方法，承上啟下，符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。

【17題詳解】

根據(jù)上文""Invite5-10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection."（邀請5到10個人，這樣你就有一個很好的選擇。）

說明了應(yīng)該邀請的人數(shù)。下文"andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomes

uncontrollable.^^（可能沒有足夠的東西可供選擇；多于這個數(shù)量，它就變得無法控制。）說明多于或少于一

定數(shù)量的人數(shù)將會導(dǎo)致一些麻煩。所以空白處應(yīng)是針對下文中的“morethanthat”提出的相反的假設(shè)，即少

于一定數(shù)量的人。A項(xiàng)“Lesspeoplethanthat"（少于這些人）提出一種假設(shè)，和下文中“morethanthat”

相對，說明人數(shù)不宜太多，也不能太少，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。

【18題詳解】

根據(jù)下文"Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir"new"clotheshome.n（他們還應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)

備大量的可重復(fù)使用的袋子，把他們的“新”衣服帶回家。）說明去的時候應(yīng)該為交換所得的“新衣服”準(zhǔn)

備袋子。G項(xiàng)“Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition."（告訴每個人帶來品相完好的衣服。）

說明去參加衣物交換的時候應(yīng)該帶完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相對，都是為交換衣物所做的

準(zhǔn)備。下文中的also也是提示詞，并且其中They指代G項(xiàng)的everyone。所以G項(xiàng)符合語境。故選G項(xiàng)。

【19題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.,r（把不同類型的衣服放在房間的不

同地方。）指出衣服應(yīng)該歸類放置。下文"Placeafewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslook

whentheytrythemon."（在房間周圍放幾面鏡子，這樣人們試穿時就能看到衣服的樣子。）提到了放置鏡子

的意義。由此可見，本段講述的是房間里的一些具體的做法，所以空白處一樣要提出人們在房間里要做什

么。F項(xiàng)"Haveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspots.（讓每個人的衣服都放在相應(yīng)的位置上。）“說明

每個人應(yīng)該按照不同類型把衣服擺放在相應(yīng)的位置，符合語境。故選F項(xiàng)。

【20題詳解】

上文“Setastartingtime.Maybeyousay“goJorturnonacertainsong,orwhatever.M（設(shè)置開始時間。也許你

說“開始”，或者打開一首歌，或者無論什么。）打開音樂或者無論什么，意味聚會開始。下文"Anddon't

forgettoputoutsomecookiesandfruits.Remember,it'saparty!n（別忘了拿出一些餅干和水果。記住，這是

個派對！）講到了聚會上應(yīng)該提供一些派對該有的服務(wù)。因而，空白處應(yīng)是承接上文，講述聚會期間要保持

應(yīng)有的內(nèi)容。D項(xiàng)“Justkeepmusicplayingthroughout."（要始終播放音樂。）承上啟下，說明在派對上要有

音樂，與前文形成意義上的一致，符合題意，故選D項(xiàng)。

4.12021?浙江卷】

You'vegotmail...andit'sapostcard

PauloMagalhaes,a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer,lovestoopenhismailboxandfindabrightly

coloredpictureofRome'sColosseum.OrAfrica'sVictoriaFalls.OrChina'sGreatWall.11

"Ioftensendpostcardstofamilyandfriends."hesaystoChinaDaily,Hbutyoucanimaginethatafterawhile,

youneverreceiveasmanyasyousend,andyourealizethatnoteveryoneisintoit12"Seekingother

like-mindedsouls,however,Paulostartedlookinginasomewhatunlikelyplace:online.ManywouldsaytheInternet

isaplaceforpeoplewhohavegivenuponthetraditionalpostalservice,butPaulo'shunch（直覺）paidoff.

Todayhishobbyhasdevelopedintothewebsite,asocialnetworkthathasgrownto575,217

registeredusersin214countriesandregionssincehestartedit10yearsago.13Runningthewebsitehas

almostturnedintoafull-timejob.

Languageiscertainlyaharrierformanypeople.Forpostcrossingtoworkworldwide,acommon

communicationlanguageisneededsothateveryonecanunderstandeachother.Ascoolasitmaybetoreceivea

postcardwritteninChinese,theconceptdoesn'tworkifonedoesn'tunderstandit.14Soacommonlanguage

isrequiredandinpostcrossingthat'sEnglishsinceit'swidelyspoken.

"ManypeopleinChinahavelimitedexposuretoEnglish.15Thatsaid,weknowofmanypostcrossing

members,includingChinese,whohaveactuallyimprovedtheirEnglishskillsthroughtheiruseofpostcrossing,n

Paulosays.

A.Andthat'stotallyfine

B.Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit

C.Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobby

D.Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.

E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.

F.Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.

G.Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.

【答案】1LG12.A13.E14.F15.B

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了PauloMagalhaes創(chuàng)建的過程及其現(xiàn)狀。Paulo

Magalhaes非常喜歡明信片但是苦于身邊沒有與他志趣相投的人，于是他開始從網(wǎng)上尋求志同道合的人，因

而創(chuàng)立了。隨著公司在全球不斷壯大，語言成為溝通的主要障礙，后來英語被選為共同語

言方便大家交流。

【11題詳解】

上文“PauloMagalhaes,a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer,lovestoopenhismailboxandfinda

brightlycoloredimageofRome'sColosseum.OrAfrica'sVictoriaFalls.OrChina'sGreatWall.（34歲的葡萄牙電

腦工程師PauloMagalhaes喜歡打開他的郵箱，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)一個色彩鮮艷的羅馬斗牛場圖像。或者非洲的維多

利亞瀑布?；蛘呤侵袊拈L城）“介紹了Paulo喜歡明信片的個人愛好。下文”…andyourealizethatnot

everyoneisintoit."說明他身邊缺少與他志趣相投的人。選項(xiàng)G”[nshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitement

ofgettingascribblednotefromsomeonefaraway.（簡而言之，他喜歡明信片，也喜歡收到遠(yuǎn)方某人潦草的便條

時的那種興奮）”起到承上啟下的作用，總結(jié)了上文Paulo喜歡明信片，也引出下文關(guān)于他的喜好得不到回

應(yīng)的問題。故選G項(xiàng)。

【12題詳解】

上文“"Ioftensendpostcardstofamilyandfriends."hesaystoChinaDaily,“butyoucanimaginethataftera

while,youneverreceiveasmanyasyousend,andyourealizethatnoteveryoneisintoit（"我經(jīng)常給家人和朋友寄

明信片，”他說，“但你可以想象，過一段時間，你收到的明信片不會像你寄的那么多，而且你意識到并

不是每個人都喜歡這樣?！埃?說明Paulo意識到身邊的親人和朋友不是都和他有相同的愛好，因此他也很

坦然接受這個事實(shí)，因此選項(xiàng)A“那完全沒問題”符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。

【13題詳解】

上文“TodayhishobbyhasevolvedintothewebsiteP,asocialnetworkthathasgrownto575,217

registeredusersin214countriesandregionssincehelaunchedit10yearsago.（如今，他的這個愛好己經(jīng)發(fā)展成

了P這個社交網(wǎng)站。自從10年前他創(chuàng)建這個網(wǎng)站以來，已經(jīng)有來自214個國家和地區(qū)的575217

名注冊用戶）”是在介紹目前網(wǎng)站的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，因此符合文意的只有E選項(xiàng)“8月5日，會員互贈的明信片

數(shù)量達(dá)到3100萬張”是在介紹該網(wǎng)站相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)。故選E項(xiàng)。

【14題詳解】

上文“AscoolasitmaybetoreceiveapostcardwritteninChinese,theconceptdoesn'tworkifonedoesn't

understandit.（收到一張用中文寫明信片可能很酷，但如果你不理解它，這個概念就行不通）”是舉例說明

他國人收到中文明信片時的問題。選項(xiàng)『Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardwrittenin

Swedishtakespartofthefunaway.（同樣地，如果你只會說中文，收到瑞典語的卡片也會奪走一部分樂趣）”

是舉例說明中國人收到他國語言明信片時也會遇到相同的問題。兩句相結(jié)合，符合結(jié)論句的語義要求，故

選F項(xiàng)。

【15題詳解】

上文“ManypeopleinChinahavelimitedexposuretoEnglish.（許多中國人很少能接觸到英語）”說明對某些

人來說學(xué)習(xí)英語的門檻較高。結(jié)合下文“…whoactuallyimprovedtheirEnglishskillsthroughtheiruseof

postcrossing.（他們實(shí)際上通過使用明信片來提高他們的英語技能）”可知，寫明信片成為一種練習(xí)英語的渠

道。因此選項(xiàng)B“這使得學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)它變得格外困難”符合語境要求，說明對一些人來說學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)英語

的難度較高，因?yàn)榍垒^少。故選B項(xiàng)。

5.[2021?浙江卷（1月適應(yīng)性模擬）】

Yourunintothegrocerystoretopickuponebottleofwater.Yougetwhatyouneed,headtothefront,and

choosethelinethatlooksfastest.

Youchosewrong.Peoplewhoyousweargotinotherlineslongafteryouarealreadycheckedoutandoffto

theparkinglot.11.

Itturnsout,it'sjustmathworkingagainstyou;chancesare,theotherlinereallyisfaster.

Grocerystorestrytohaveenoughemployeesatcheckouttogetalltheircustomersthroughwithminimum

delay.12.Anysmallinterruption-apricecheck,achattycustomer-canhavedownstreameffects,holdingupan

entireline.

Iftherearethreelinesinthestore,delayswillhappenrandomlyatdifferentregisters.Thinkaboutthe

probability:13.Soit'snotjustinyourmind:Anotherlineprobablyismovingfaster.

Researchershaveagoodwaytodealwiththisproblem.Makeallcustomersstandinonelong,snakingline-

calledaseipentineline-andserveeachpersonatthefrontwiththenextavailableregister.14.Thisiswhattheydo

atmostbanksandfast-foodrestaurants.Withaserpentineline,alongdelayatoneregisterwon'tunfairlypunishthe

peoplewholinedupbehindit.Instead,itwillslowdowneveryonealittlebitbutspeedupcheckoutoverall.

15.Ittakesmanyregisterstokeeponelinemovingquickly,andsomestorescan'taffordthespaceor

manpower.Sowhereveryournextwaitmaybe:Goodluck.

A.Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?

B.Sowhydon'tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines?

C.Someofthemayhavestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.

D.Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.

E.Howhighistheprobabilitythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline?

F.Withthreeregisters,thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.

G.Butsometimes,asonaSundayafternoon,thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.

【答案】

11.A

12.G

13.D

14.F

15.B

【分析】

本文是說明文。文章說明了雜貨店排隊(duì)方式以及研究人員提出的蛇形隊(duì)伍的新方式，并分析了各自的利弊。

11.

下文“Itturnsout,it'sjustmathworkingagainstyou;chancesare,theotherlinereallyisfaster.（原來,這只是你

的數(shù)學(xué)問題；很可能，另一個隊(duì)伍真的更快。）’懈釋了上文“Youchosewrong.（你選錯了廠的原因，下文與空

格處是因果關(guān)系，所以本空應(yīng)該是對前文選錯提出疑惑，故選A項(xiàng)。

12.

上文“Grocerystorestrytohaveenoughemployeesatcheckouttogetalltheircustomersthroughwithminimum

delay.（雜貨店盡量讓足夠的員工在結(jié)賬時讓所有的顧客以最小的延誤完成結(jié)賬。）”解釋了雜貨店之前的工

作模式，下文“Anysmallinterruptionapricecheck,achattycustomer-canhavedownstreameffects,holdingupan

entireline.（任何一個小小的中斷，一個價格檢查，一個喋喋不休的顧客，都會產(chǎn)生下游效應(yīng)，拖住整個生

產(chǎn)線。）”描述了雜貨店的特殊情況，故本空應(yīng)該填出現(xiàn)特殊情況的原因，故選G項(xiàng)。

13.

根據(jù)上文“Iftherearethreelinesinthestore,delayswillhappenrandomlyatdifferentregisters.（如果雜貨店中

有三列隊(duì)伍,延遲將在不同的隊(duì)伍中隨機(jī)發(fā)生。）”聯(lián)系下文"Soifsnotjustinyourmind:Anotherlineprobably

ismovingfaster.（所以這不僅僅是在你的腦海里：另一條隊(duì)伍可能移動得更快。）”可知本空說的是任何一個

隊(duì)伍都有可能出現(xiàn)問題。你的隊(duì)伍跑得最快的幾率只有三分之一。故選D項(xiàng)。

14.

根據(jù)“上文Researchershaveagoodwaytodealwiththisproblem.（我們得知研究人員有一個很好的方法來處理

這個問題）”以及下文“Thisiswhattheydoatmostbanksandfast-foodrestaurants.Withaserpentineline,along

delayatoneregisterwonTunfairlypunishthepeoplewholinedupbehindit.Instead,itwillslowdowneveryone

littlebitbutspeedupcheckoutoverall.（這個大多數(shù)銀行和快餐店都是這樣做的。有了一條蜿蜒的隊(duì)伍，在一

個登記處長時間拖延不會不公平地懲罰后面排隊(duì)的人。相反，它會減慢每個人一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，但加快了整體結(jié)帳

速度”說明這個新方案迅速有效，聯(lián)系上下文可知，空格中應(yīng)該是與舊的結(jié)賬方案作比較。故選F項(xiàng)。

15.

結(jié)合下文“Ittakesmanyregisterstokeeponelinemovingquickly,andsomestorescan*taffordthespaceor

manpower.（要保持一條生產(chǎn)線的快速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，需要很多的收銀機(jī)，而且有些商店負(fù)擔(dān)不起空間和人力。）”說

明了一個原因，由此可知，空格處提出了一個問題；通過“Ittakesmanyregisterstokeeponelinemoving

quickly.（保持一條生產(chǎn)線的快速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)戶可知這里描述的是不鼓勵蛇形隊(duì)伍的原因。故選B項(xiàng)。

2021年高考模擬卷

1、（河南2021年高三模擬）

Personaldevelopmentdoesn*tjusthappen.16.Self-developmentrequireshardwork,devotionandan

ever-growingskill.So,whatnewskillsdoyouneedtopowerforward?

Onyourjourneytowardyourbestself,youneedtosetgoals.Thekeyisbalance:Ifyourgoalsaretoohigh,

you'llgetdiscouragedwhenyoufallshort.17.Thebetterapproachistothinkinmilestones.Ifyouwanttobea

novelist,don'tsetagoaltofinishabookinaweek.Focusongettingacoupleofpagesdoneeachday,oronwriting

achaptereachweek.Thismeasurableprogressismoresustainableandfulfilling.

18.Tokeepgoingwhentimesaretough,youhavetolearnhowtomanageyourstresslevels.Iflightwalks

helpyoukeepyourheadonstraight,scheduleoneforyourlunchperiodeveryday.IfyouneedtotakeSundaysoff

torechargeforthenextweek,it'smorethanacceptabletodoso.

Organizationisaskillthatcomesmorenaturallytosomepeoplethanothers.Ifyou'reanaturallymessy

person,startsmall.Otherwise,you'llbeataloss.19.Cleanupyourbedroomoryourcar.Ifphysicalcleaningis

stressful,startbycuttingoutfilesfromyourcomputer.Believeitornot,onecleanspacecansetthetonefortherest

ofyourlife.

Ontheroadofpersonaldevelopment,you'Hrunintosomebamers.Nobodybutyoucanremovethesefrom

yourpath.20.Perhapsanxietyiskeepingyoufromdoingyourbestwork.Insteadofstrugglingthroughit,quietly

takeamentalhealthday.

A.Personalgrowthneedsstressmanagement.

B.Focusontheplaceswhereyouspendthemosttime.

C.Youcan'texpecttowakeupthenextdaywithnewskills.

D.Don'tletpersonalchallengesstandinthewayofyourgrowth.

E.That'swhyproblemsolvingisavitalskillforself-development.

F.Youabsolutelydon'tneedtodisclosewhyyou'retakingasickday.

G.Starttoosmall,andyou'llbecomesatisfiedwithyourprogresstooearly.

【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了個人發(fā)展所需要具備的技能。

16.【答案】C

【分析】根據(jù)上文“Personaldevelopmentdoesrftjusthappen.（個人發(fā)展不是憑空發(fā)生的。）”和下文

"Self-developmentrequireshardwork,devotionandanever-growingskill.（自我發(fā)展需要努力工作、奉獻(xiàn)精神

和不斷增長的技能。）“可知，空處對上文進(jìn)行解釋說明，不能指望一覺醒來就有了新技能。C項(xiàng)：Youcan't

expecttowakeupthenextdaywithnewskills.（你不能指望第二天醒來就能學(xué)到新技能。）符合語境。故選C。

17.【答案】G

【分析】根據(jù)上文“Thekeyisbalance:Ifyourgoalsaretoohigh,you'llgetdiscouragedwhenyoufallshort.（關(guān)

鍵是平衡：如果你的目標(biāo)太高，當(dāng)你沒有達(dá)到目標(biāo)時，你會感到沮喪。）可知，空處說明為了保持平衡，設(shè)

置的目標(biāo)也不能太小。G項(xiàng)：Starttoosmall,andyou'llbecomesatisfiedwithyourprogresstooearly.（起步太小，

你會太早對自己的進(jìn)步感到滿意。）符合語境。故選G。

18.【答案】A

【分析】空處為段落主題句。根據(jù)下文“Tokeepgoingwhentimesaretough,youhavetolearnhowtomanage

yourstresslevels.（為了在困難時期繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，你必須學(xué)會如何管理你的壓力水平。）”可知，本段主要講述

的是要管理好壓力。A項(xiàng)：Personalgrowthneedsstressmanagement.（個人成長需要壓力管理。）符合語境。

故選Ao

19.【答案】B

【分析】根據(jù)下文“Cleanupyourbedroomoryourcar.（打掃你的臥室或你的車。）"和"Believeitornot,oneclean

spacecansetthetonefortherestofyourlife.（信不信由你，一個干凈的空間可以為你的余生定下基調(diào)。）“可

知，空處說明要關(guān)注自己經(jīng)常活動的空間。B項(xiàng)：Focusontheplaceswhereyouspendthemosttime.（

力集中在你花最多時間的地方。）符合語境。故選B。

20.【答案】E

【分析】根據(jù)上文"Ontheroadofpersonaldevelopment,you'llrunintosomebarriers.Nobodybutyoucan

removethesefromyourpath.（在個人發(fā)展的道路上，你會遇到一些障礙。除了你，沒有人能把這些從你的道

路上移除。）”可知，空處總結(jié)人生道路上會遇到的障礙是需要解決問題的原因。E項(xiàng)：Thafswhyproblem

solvingisavitalskillforself-development.（這就是為什么解決問題對于自我發(fā)展是一項(xiàng)至關(guān)重要的技能。）符

合語境。故選E。

2、（河南2021年高三模擬）

Self-confidenceisconnectedwithalmosteveryaspectofahappyandfulfillinglife.16.

Ifyouhavebeenlackinginconfidence,you'reprobablyfamiliarwithoverthinking17.Butbybeing

confident,youwillbeabletobreakthecycleofover-thinking,

18.Ifyouhaveeverlearnedalanguage,masteredaskill,reachedafitnessgoal,orotherwiseovercome

setbackstogettowhereyouwantedtobe,you'rewellonyourway.

Youmightbethinking,"Well,sure,Iwasproudofmy'A'inCalculusbackinhighschool,butwhatdoesthat

havetodowithanythingnow?^^Lookingbackonyourlife,you'llpossiblyfindthateveryaccomplishmenttakes

efforts.19.

Asyourconfidencegrows,you'llfindyourselfmoredriventoimproveyourabilities.20.Butwith

self-assurance,thosethoughtswillnolongerbeparalyzing（令人麻痹的）.Instead,you'llbeabletosmileandact

anyway,feelingenergizedbyyourprogressinachievinggoalswhichmeansomethingtoyou.

A."What-if5thoughtswillstillarise:"WhatifIfail?,,

B.Themoreconfidentyouare,themorefaithyouwillhaveinyourself.

C.Itisrelatedtoanxietyandworry,whichcanmakeuscutofffromtheworld.

D.Buildingself-confidencerequiresyoutokeepapositiveattitudetowardsyourlife.

E.Buildingconfidencemeanstakingsmallstepsthatleavealastingsenseofaccomplishment.

F.Apersonwithself-confidencegenerallylikesthemselvesandthinkspositivelyaboutthef