掃碼進(jìn)入「TD真題捕手」獲取答案掃碼進(jìn)入「TD真題捕手」獲取答案Asyoureadthepassagebelow,considerhowRichardSchiffmanuses?evidence,suchasfactsorexamples,tosupportclaims.?reasoningtodevelopideasandtoconnectclaimsandevidence.?stylisticorpersuasiveelements,suchaswordchoiceorappealstoemotion,

toaddpowertotheideasexpressed.AdaptedfromRichardSchiffman,"WhyWeShouldWorkLess."@2012byTheWashingtonPostCompany.OriginallypublishedJanuary28,2012.1Recentlyafriendconfidedoverdinnerthatherjobwas“killing”her.Iwassurprised.

Sheisadirectorofamidsizenonprofitthatisdoingcitizendiplomacyworkinthe

MiddleEast,andshehasoftenremarkedonhowgratifyingitistobeinvolvedin

aprogramthatbringshistoricalenemiesfacetofacetosharetheirstories.2But2011wasatoughyearforfundraisers,andmyfriendhasbeendoingdouble

dutyasherunderstaffedorganizationstrugglestomakeuptheshortfall.Likemany

nowadays,shetakesherworkhomewithher,whichhastakenatollonherpersonal

life,healthandsleep.Sheisthinkingofleavingthenonprofitbutisafraidtodoso

beforeshefindsanotherjob.3Anotherfriend,whoisemployedbyalargeinsurancecompany,isroutinelyforcedto

worklateandathomeonweekends—oftenwithoutpay—ontheprojectsshedidn’t

havetimetofinishattheoffice.Withthethreatoflayoffsever-present,shedaresnot

complain....4Americansalreadyworkhundredsofhoursayearmorethantheircounterpartsin

otherdevelopedcountries,includingworkaholicJapan.Theyalsohavefewerdays

offthanEuropeans,whotypicallytakefourtosixweeksofpaidvacationayear.5Companiesarguethatgruelingworkschedulesarenecessarytoboostproductivity.

Butconsiderthat,despitetherecession,theproductivityofU.S.workershasincreased

morethanfourfoldsincethe1950s.Meanwhile,thebuyingpowerofwageshas

remainedstagnantandinrecentyearshasevenbeguntodecline.Someoneisgetting

richofftheexponentialriseinproductivity,butitisnottheAmericanworker.6Inthepast,unionsstrugglednotonlytoraisepaybutalsotoshortenthehoursthat

theirmembershadtowork.Thetrendtowardshorterhourscontinuedunabatedfrom

theCivilWarthroughtheendoftheGreatDepressionandtheenactment,in1938,of

theFairLaborStandardAct’s40-hour-weekprovision.ButduringWorldWarII

workhoursincreasedsharply,andithasnotbeenasignificantpublicissuesince.7GiventherecenttroublesintheU.S.economy,thismayseemanoddmomentto

reconsiderthevalueofworkingless.Butthiscrisisisnotduetopoorproductivity;

U.S.workers’productivityisatanall-timehigh.Neitherisitacrisisincorporate

profitability,whichcontinuestosoardespitetougheconomictimesforordinary

Americans.Itisarguablyacrisisincorporategreed,onecreatedbyfinancialentities

pushingforeverhighergrowthratesandlevelsofprofitabilityregardlessofthecostto

thelong-termhealthoftheeconomyorforthosewhosehardworkmadethat

economyflourishoverthepastcentury.8Americansknowthatwecannolongeraffordacorporatecultureonsteroidsthatgeneratesunsustainableprofitsbysystematicallycannibalizingournationandthe

peoplewhomakeitwork.Soagoodplacetostartapplyingthebrakesonthisrunaway

trainwouldbemakingsurethatwedon’thavetokillourselvesatworkjusttomakea

living.9Awidescalereductioninworkhourswouldspreadoutthenationalworkloadandhelptomakemorejobsavailablefortheunemployed.Historically,shorterworkweeks

havebeenaslargeacreatorofnewjobsasmarketgrowth,sociologyprofessorJuliet

Schorarguedlastyear.10Whileshorterhourswouldmeanlessincomeformany,nearlyhalfofAmericans

surveyedin2004bytheCenterforaNewAmericanDreamsaidthattheywould

bewillingtoacceptasmallerpaycheckinreturnformoretimewiththeirfamiliesand

leisure.Thiswouldhelpexplainthepopularityoffour-dayworkweeks;apilot

programinUtahfound82percentofstateworkerssurveyedsaidthattheylikedthe

changeandwantedtostickwithit.11ThebenefitsofshorteningtheworkweekwouldbeincalculableforAmericans’health

andwellbeing.Anditwouldevenbegoodfortheplanet.A2006studybytheCenter

forEconomicandPolicyResearchestimatedthat,iftheUnitedStatesweretoemulate

theshorterworkweeksofWesternEurope,energyconsumptionwoulddeclineabout

20percentandourcountrycouldsignificantlydiminishitscarbonfootprint.Millions

ofAmericanscouldlivewithlessstressandmorehappinessandfulfillment.12Withsomuchtogain,weneedtocutworkhourswhilethereisstilltime.WriteanessayinwhichyouexplainhowRichardSchiffmanbuildsan

argumenttopersuadehisaudiencethatAmericansneedtoworkfewer

hours.Inyouressay,analyzehowSchiffmanusesoneormoreofthefeatures

listedintheboxabove(orfeaturesof