綜合商務(wù)英語（第1冊）Unit10

（第二版）BusinessEthics目錄CONTENTS1Lead-inThreeQuestions2TextA

WhyShouldManagersBeEthical3ExercisesReferenceKeys4TextB5IsDigitalPiracyUnethical?OrJustIllegal?CaseStudyLead-in第十單元1Lead-inThreequestions1.Whatisthematterwithbusinessethicsandwhatcanbedonetomakeitright?2.Canmanagerssafelydismisstheenterpriseofbusinessethics?3.Whyshouldmanagersbeethical?Open-mindedTextAWhyShouldManagersBeEthical?第十單元2QuestionsonTextA(1)Howdoyouunderstandtheironymentionedatthebeginningofthetext?(2)Whichkindofassistancewithethicalchallengeswouldmanagerswelcome?(3)Doyouagreewiththeauthor’sopinionthat“BusinessEthics:LikeNailingJellotoaWall.”(4)Whowillberesponsibleforthegapthatexistsbetweenacademicbusinessethicsandprofessionalmanagement?(5)ExplainwhyBerkeleyprofessorEdwinEpsteinnotesthat“beingethicalheadsoffthelaw.”QuestionsonTextA(1)Howdoyouunderstandtheironymentionedatthebeginningofthetext?--Themoreentrenchedthebusinessethicsbecomesinbusinessschools,themorebewilderingitappearstomanagers.(2)Whichkindofassistancewithethicalchallengeswouldmanagerswelcome?--Itcanidentifyethicalcoursesofactionindifficultgray-areasituationsandnavigatethosesituationswheretherightcourseisclear,butreal-worldcompetitiveandinstitutionalpressuresleadevenwell-intentionedmanagersastray.QuestionsonTextA(3)Doyouagreewiththeauthor’sopinionthat“BusinessEthics:LikeNailingJellotoaWall.”?--Yes.Becausethedisciplineofbusinessethicshasn’tprovidemuchconcretehelptomanagersineitheroftheseareas.QuestionsonTextA(4)Whowillberesponsibleforthegapthatexistsbetweenacademicbusinessethicsandprofessionalmanagement?Businessethiciststhemselvesmaybelargelyresponsibleforthisgap.QuestionsonTextA(5)ExplainwhyBerkeleyprofessorEdwinEpsteinnotesthat“beingethicalheadsoffthelaw”.Thepurposeofethicalmanagementis“tocatchanynewspirit”andembodyitinvoluntarystandards“withoutwaitingforlegalcompulsion”.U10:TextAWhyShouldManagersBeEthical?1

Withtherecentboominbusinessethicscomesacuriousirony:themoreentrenchedthedisciplinebecomesinbusinessschools,themorebewildering—andevenoff-putting—itappearstoactualmanagers.2“Themoreentrenchedthedisciplinebecomesinbusinessschools,themorebewilderingitappearstomanagers.”Q1:

Whatisthematterwithbusinessethicsandwhatcanbedonetomakeitright?3

Signsoftheboomareeverywhere.Over500business-ethicscoursesarecurrentlytaughtonAmericancampuses;fully90%ofthenation’sbusinessschoolsnowprovidesomekindoftraininginthearea.Therearemorethan25textbooksinthefieldand3academicjournalsdedicatedtothetopic.Atleast16business-ethicsresearchcentersarenowinoperation,andendowedchairsinbusinessethicshavebeenestablishedatGeorgetown,Virginia,Minnesotaandanumberofotherprominentbusinessschools.

Q2:Canmanagerssafelydismisstheenterpriseofbusinessethics?4

Andyet,Isuspectthatthefieldofbusinessethicsislargelyirrelevantformostmanagers.It’snotthattheyarehostiletotheideaofbusinessethics.RecentsurveyssuggestthatoverthreequartersofAmerica’smajorcorporationsareactivelytryingtobuildethicsintotheirorganizations.Managerswouldwelcomeconcreteassistancewithprimarilytwokindsofethicalchallenges:first,identifyingethicalcoursesofactionindifficultgray-areasituations;and,Second,navigatingthosesituationswheretherightcourseisclear,butreal-worldcompetitiveandinstitutionalpressuresleadevenwell-intentionedmanagersastray.5

Theproblemisthatthedisciplineofbusinessethicshasyettoprovidemuchconcretehelptomanagersineitheroftheseareas,andevenbusinessethicistssenseit.Onecan’thelpbutnoticehowoftenarticlesinthefieldlamentalackofdirectionorpoorfitwiththerealethicalproblemsofrealmanagers.“BusinessEthics:WhereAreWeGoing?”asksonetitle.“IsThereNoSuchThingasBusinessEthics?”wondersanother.Mypersonalfavoriteputsitwryly,“BusinessEthics:LikeNailingJellytoaWall.”6

Whatisthematterwithbusinessethics?Andmoreimportant,whatcanbedonetomakeitright?Thetextsreviewedhereshedlightonbothquestions.Theypointtothegulfthatexistsbetweenacademicbusinessethicsandprofessionalmanagementandsuggestthatbusinessethiciststhemselvesmaybelargelyresponsibleforthisgap.7

Fartoomanybusinessethicistshaveoccupiedararifiedmoralhighground,removedfromtherealconcernsandrealworldproblemsofthevastmajorityofmanagers.Theyhavebeentoopreoccupiedwithabsolutistnotionsofwhatitmeansformanagerstobeethical,withoverlygeneralcriticismsofcapitalismasaneconomicsystem,withdenseandabstracttheorizing,andwithprescriptionsthatapplyonlyremotelytomanagerialpractice.Suchtrendsareallthemoredisappointingincontrasttothesuccessthatethicistsinotherprofessions—medicine,law,andgovernment—havehadinprovidingrealandwelcomeassistancetotheirpractitioners.8

Doesthismeanthatmanagerscansafelydismisstheenterpriseofbusinessethics?No.Inthepastyearortwo,anumberofprominentbusinessethicistshavebeentakingstockoftheirfieldfromwithin.Muchlikemanagerstryingtoreengineertheircompanies’businessprocesses,theyhavecalledforfundamentalchangesinthewaytheenterpriseofbusinessethicsisconducted.Andtheyareofferingsomepromisingnewapproachesofvaluetobothacademicbusinessethicistsandprofessionalmanagers.9

Whatfollows,then,isaguidetobusinessethicsforperplexedmanagers:whyitseemssoirrelevanttotheirproblemsandhowitcanbemademoreusefulinthefuture.WhyShouldManagersBeEthical?10

Tounderstandthegapbetweenbusinessethicsandtheconcernsofmostmanagers,itpaystorecallhowmanagersandmanagementacademicsthoughtaboutbusinessethicsbeforeitbecameaformaldiscipline.Indeed,muchoftheresearchandwritingincontemporarybusinessethicscanbeunderstoodasadisgruntledreactiontothewayethicalissuesusuallywereaddressedatbusinessschools—inparticular,tothetraditionalanswerstothefundamentalquestion:Whyshouldmanagersbeethical?11

StartingwellbeforeWorldWarIIandculminatinginthe1960sand1970s,thedominantapproachtothemoraldimensionofbusinesswasaperspectivethatcametobeknownascorporatesocialresponsibility.Largelyreactingtoneoclassicaleconomics,whichholdsthatthesoleresponsibilityofbusinessistomaximizeitsimmediatebottomlinesubjecttoonlythemostminimalconstraintsofthelaw,advocatesofcorporatesocialresponsibilityarguedthatethicalmanagementrequiresmorethanmerelyfollowingthedictatesofthelaworsignalsofthemarket,thetwoinstitutionsthatotherwiseguidebusinessbehavior.Rather,ethicalmanagementisaprocessofanticipatingboththelawandthemarket—andforsoundbusinessreasons.Q3:Whyshouldmanagersbeethical?12

Forexample,whenmanagersvoluntarilyundertakesociallyresponsibleactionsbeyondthebarelegalminimumrequired(inenvironmentalprotection,say,oranti-discriminationpolicy),theytendtoforestallpunitivesocialregulation.AscorporatescholarE.MerrickDodd,Jr.statedina1932HarvardLawReviewarticle,thepurposeofethicalmanagementis“tocatchanynewspirit”andembodyitinvoluntarystandards“withoutwaitingforlegalcompulsion.”O(jiān)rasBerkeleyprofessorEdwinEpsteinmorerecentlyandsuccinctlyputit,“beingethicalheadsoffthelaw.”dedicate/'ded?ke?t/v.togivealotofyourtimeandefforttoaparticularactivityorpurposebecauseyouthinkitisimportant把…奉獻(xiàn)給；致力于…（CET-6;TEM-8）eg.他畢生致力于幫助窮人?！狧ededicatedhislifetohelpingthepoor.suspect/'s?spekt/v.tobesuspiciousaboutsth.;tonottruststh.懷疑；感覺有問題；不信任（CET-4;TEM-4）eg.她主動要幫忙，我懷疑她的動機。—Isuspectedhermotivesinofferingtohelp.hostile/'h?sta?l/adj.veryunfriendlyoraggressiveandreadytoargueorfight敵意的；敵對的（CET-4/6;TEM-4）eg.演講人遭到了聽眾喝倒彩?！猅hespeakergotahostilereceptionfromtheaudience.

assistance/?'s?st?ns/n.helporsupport幫助；援助；支持（CET-4;TEM-4）eg.盡管他大聲喊叫，卻沒有人來幫助他?！狣espitehiscries,noonecametohisassistance.

competitive/k?m'pet?t?v/adj.usedtodescribeasituationinwhichpeopleororganizationscompeteagainsteachother競爭的（CET-6;TEM-8）eg.畢業(yè)生不得不在競爭激烈的市場上奮力爭取找到工作?！狦raduateshavetofightforjobsinahighlycompetitivemarket.concrete/'k??kri?t/adj.basedonfacts,notonideasorguesses確實的，具體的（CET-4;TEM-4）eg.具體地思考比抽象地思考更容易?！狪tiseasiertothinkinconcretetermsratherthanintheabstract.perspective/p?’spekt?v/n.aparticularattitudetowardssomething;awayofthinkingaboutsomething態(tài)度；視角；觀點；思考方法(TEM-4;TEM-8;CET-4)eg.他在國外的經(jīng)歷使他以更廣闊的視角看待這個問題?！狧isexperienceabroadprovidesawiderperspectiveontheproblem.constraint/k?n’stre?nt/n.athingthatlimitsorrestrictssomething,oryourfreedomtodosomething限制；限定；約束(TEM-8;CET-6)eg.這項決定將使所有的學(xué)校受到各種嚴(yán)格的限制?！猅hisdecisionwillimposeseriousconstraintsonallschools.anticipate/?n’t?s?pe?t/v.toseewhatmighthappeninthefutureandtakeactiontoprepareforit預(yù)見；預(yù)計(TEM-4;TEM-8;CET-4)eg.我們需要一個能夠預(yù)見和應(yīng)對時尚行業(yè)變化的人?！猈eneedsomeonewhocananticipateandrespondtochangesinthefashionindustry.voluntary/’v?l?ntri/adj.donewillingly,notbecauseyouareforced自愿的；志愿的；主動的；自告奮勇的(TEM-4;CET-4)eg.聽這門課純粹是自愿的?！狝ttendanceonthecourseispurelyvoluntary.StructureofTextAIntroductionAcuriousirony:Themoreentrenchedthedisciplinebecomesinbusinessschools,themorebewildering

itappearstomanagers.

howmanagersandmanagementacademicsthoughtaboutbusinessethicscorporatesocialresponsibilityethicalmanagementisaprocessofanticipatingboththelawandthemarketidentifyingethicalcoursesofactionBuildingethicsintoorganizationsWhyShouldManagersBeEthical?navigatingthosesituationswheretherightcourseisclearExercises第十單元32.Paraphrase:Replacetheexpressionsofthebold.(1)Theypointtothegulfthatexistsbetweenacademicbusinessethicsandprofessionalmanagementandsuggestthatbusinessethiciststhemselvesmaybelargelyresponsibleforthisgap.belargelyresponsiblefor:beaccountablefor;beliableforTheypointedoutthegapbetweenacademicbusinessethicsandprofessionalmanagement,andbelievedthatbusinessethiciststhemselvesmightbeaccountableforthegap.2.Paraphrase:Replacetheexpressionsofthebold.(2)Suchtrendsareallthemoredisappointingincontrasttothesuccessthatethicistsinotherprofessions.incontrastto:incomparisonto;comparedwithComparedwithethicistsinotherprofessions,thistrendisevenmoredisappointing.2.Paraphrase:Replacetheexpressionsofthebold.(3)Anumberofprominentbusinessethicistshavebeentakingstockoftheirfieldfromwithin.(4)Theyhavebeentoopreoccupiedwithabsolutistnotionsofwhatitmeansformanagerstobeethical.anumberof:many;alotof;lotsofManyfamousbusinessethicistshaveevaluatedtheirfieldsinternally.bepreoccupiedwith:befocusedon;beconcentratedonTheyaretoofocusedontheconceptofabsolutism,thatis,whatmanagers’moralitymeans.2.Paraphrase:Replacetheexpressionsofthebold.(5)Fartoomanybusinessethicistshaveoccupiedararifiedmoralhighground,removedfromtherealconcernsandrealworldproblemsofthevastmajorityofmanagers.thevastmajorityof:most;mostofToomanybusinessethicistsoccupyascarcemoralhighland,farawayfromtherealconcernsandproblemsofmostmanagers.3.

Vocabulary:Completethejobintroductionwiththewordsandexpressionsinthebox,andyoucanmakeyourownjobintroductiononthebasisofthewordsandexpressionsinthebox.a.release

b.ensure

c.shippedtod.worksas

e.conduct

f.malfunctiong.incorporatedintoh.responsiblefori.hasacontractwithMary(1)___________aQualityAssuranceEngineeratalargeelectronicscompany.Sheis(2)_______thefinaltestingofhercompany’sserversandispartofateam

d

hwhichdecideswhennewproductswillbe(3)_______distributorsforsale.

Mary’scompany(4)_______anothercompanywhichmakesthechipswhichare(5)_______theserversMary’scompanymakes.Thebusinessmodelforthisproductisto(6)_______anewgenerationserverapproximatelyeverysixmonths,meaningMaryhasalimitedtimeframeto(7)_______herQualityControltests.

c

i

a.release

b.ensure

c.shippedtod.worksas

e.conduct

f.malfunctiong.incorporatedintoh.responsiblefori.hasacontractwith

g

a

eBecausethereissuchashortamountoftimebetweenthereleaseofeachnextnewproduct,QualityandAssurancedepartmentcannotperformeverypossibletestontheserversto(8)_______theyaredefectfree.Marywillnotshipaproductifthereisanypossibilitythattheservercould(9)_______andcausephysicalharmtothecustomer.However,shewillshipaproductthathasahigherlikelihoodoffailureresultingindatalossforthecustomer,becausesheknowsthatifshedoesn’t,hercompany’scompetitorwill.

fa.release

b.ensure

c.shippedtod.worksas

e.conduct

f.malfunctiong.incorporatedintoh.responsiblefori.hasacontractwith

b4.Cloze:Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.[A]engage

[B]actively

[C]profit

[D]declared

[E]currently

[F]jeopardize[G]installed[H]regulations[I]unsafe

[J]consuming

[K]quoted

[L]unsteady[M]lagging[N]reports[O]budgetMonicaistheenvironmentalcompliancemanagerforasmallplasticsmanufacturingcompanyinCanada.Sheis(1)_______facedwiththedecisionwhetherornottospendmoneyonnewtechnologythatwillreducethelevelofaparticulartoxininthewastewaterthat?owsouttheback

Eofthefactoryandintoalake.

Thefactory’semissionlevelsarealreadywithinlegallimits.However,Monicaknowsthatenvironmental(2)_______forthisparticulartoxinare(3)_______behindscientificevidence.Infact,ascientistfromtheuniversityhadbeen(4)_______inthenewspaperrecently,sayingthatifemissionlevelsstayedatthislevel,the?shinthelakesandriversintheareamightsoonhavetobedeclared(5)_______forhumanconsumption.

H

M[A]engage

[B]actively

[C]profit

[D]declared

[E]currently

[F]jeopardize[G]installed[H]regulations[I]unsafe

[J]consuming

[K]quoted

[L]unsteady[M]lagging[N]reports[O]budget

D

IFurther,ifcompaniesintheregiondon’t(6)_______insomeself-regulationonthisissue,thereisreasontofearthatthegovernment—backedbypublicopinion—mayforcecompaniestobeginusingthenewtechnology,andmayalsobeginrequiringmonthlyemissionlevelreportswhichwouldbebothexpensiveandtime(7)_______.

AJ[A]engage

[B]actively

[C]profit

[D]declared

[E]currently

[F]jeopardize[G]installed[H]regulations[I]unsafe

[J]consuming

[K]quoted

[L]unsteady[M]lagging[N]reports[O]budgetButthecompany’senvironmentalcompliance(8)_______istight.Askingforthisnewtechnologytobe(9)_______wouldputMonica’sdepartmentover-budget,andcould(10)_______thecompany’sabilitytoshowapro?tthisyear.

OK[A]engage

[B]actively

[C]profit

[D]declared

[E]currently

[F]jeopardize[G]installed[H]regulations[I]unsafe

[J]consuming

[K]quoted

[L]unsteady[M]lagging[N]reports[O]budgetF5.

E-CTranslation:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.（1）Inthiscase,theunethicalandillegalbehaviorofitsmanagersandemployeesdestroyedtheircompany.（2）Bothcompanieshadwidelypublicizedandwell-developedinternalethicsrulesthatweresupposedtoreigninandpreventunethicalbehavior.在這個案例中，公司經(jīng)理和員工的和非法和不道德行為毀掉了他們的公司。這兩家公司都廣為人知，而且內(nèi)部道德規(guī)范都很完善，它們本應(yīng)可以控制并防止不道德行為的發(fā)生。5.

E-CTranslation:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.（3）Whenpushcametoshove,theyprotectedtheirowninterestsandthoseoftheircompaniesinillegalways.在緊要關(guān)頭，他們以非法的方式保護(hù)自己和公司的利益。5.

E-CTranslation:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.（4）Ifacompanydoesnotadheretobusinessethicsandbreaksthelaws,theyusuallyendupbeingfined.（5）Therearemanycompaniesthatpridethemselvesintheircorrectbusinessethics,butinthiscompetitiveworld,theyarebecomingveryfewandfarbetween.如果一家公司不遵守商業(yè)道德，違反法律，他們通常會被罰款。雖然許多公司以自己正確的商業(yè)道德為榮，但在這個競爭激烈的世界里，這樣的公司正變得越來越少。6.

C-ETranslation:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishbasedonthecuewordsinbrackets.(1)醫(yī)學(xué)、法律和政府為其從業(yè)者提供了真正的、受歡迎的幫助。（provide…assistanceto）(2)這并不是說他們對商業(yè)道德的觀念懷有敵意。（behostileto...）(3)美國四分之三以上的大公司都在積極嘗試在其組織中建立商業(yè)道德規(guī)范。（build…into）It’snotthattheyarehostiletotheideaofbusinessethics.Medicine,lawandgovernmentprovidedrealandfavourableassistancetotheirpractitioners.OverthreequartersofUSmajorcompaniesareactivelytryingtobuildbusinessethicsintotheirorganizations.6.

C-ETranslation:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishbasedonthecuewordsinbrackets.(4)當(dāng)代商業(yè)倫理的許多研究和寫作可以通常理解為對倫理問題被處理方式的不滿反應(yīng)。（beunderstoodas....）(5)道德管理不僅僅需要遵循法律的規(guī)定或市場的信號。（morethanmerely）Muchoftheresearchandwritinginthecontemporarybusinessethicscanbegenerallyunderstoodasadissatisfiedreactiontothewayethicalissueswereaddressed.Ethicalmanagementrequiresmorethanmerelyfollowingtheregulationsofthelaworsignalsofthemarket.6.

C-ETranslation:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishbasedonthecuewordsinbrackets.(6)商業(yè)道德準(zhǔn)則尚未為這兩個領(lǐng)域的管理者提供太多具體的幫助。（provide...helpto)Thedisciplineofbusinessethicshasnotprovidedmuchconcretehelptomanagersineitheroftheareasyet.Role-playBusinessmoralitysurvey:Interviewaclassmateaccordingtothefollowingquestionsandmakenoteswhennecessary..1.Tellmeyouropinionaboutbusinessmorality.2.Whatdoyouthinkofthosewhobelievethatmoralityandbusinessaremutuallyexclusive?3.Whatdoyouthinkofthosewhobelievethatmoralityandbusinessreinforceoneanother?4.Giveanexampletosupportyourselfontheaboveviews.5.Whenyoufeelcheatedinbusinessdealings,whatwillyoudoaboutit?Afteryouhaveinterviewedaclassmate,writeaparagraphabouthimorher,andpresentittoyourgroup.IinterviewedLinda.(1)Shethinksthatbusinessmoralityplaysitsownspecialroleinensuringbusinesssuccess,becausemoralityandhonestyisthebasisofsuccessinbusiness.Moralityindealingsmaywincustomers’trustandthereputationmayhelpmakemoreprofits.(2)True,somebusinessmenthinkthequestforprofits(ormoneymaking)standsinoppositiontoeverythingthatismoral,decent,andcharitable.Butshesaidthosecan’tcheattheircustomersforeverandgetawaywithit.(3)SheagreeswiththemandthinksmoralitycreatesafertilesourceofbusinessReferenceKeytoRole-playmotivation,inspirationandinnovation.Personally,astrongsenseofmoralitynotonlypromotesabusinesscareerbutalsoprovidesanadvantageinthequesttobuildathrivingenterprise.(4)Anexample:Haierisapositiveexample,whichemphasizesthequalityofproductsinthehouseholdelectricalapplianceindustry.Nowithasbeenamultinationalenterprise.ThechiefexecutiveofficerofHaiersmashedrefrigeratorswhichwerebelowstandard,inordertoensurethequalityofitsproducts.Fromthenon,ReferenceKeytoRole-playpeopleallknewHaierandbuyitsrefrigerators.Haier’ssuccessinbusinessliesinitsgoodcredibility.(5)Shesaidifshewascheatedinbusinessdealings,shewouldneverbuyanythinginthesamecompanyagain.Andshewouldrememberthisseriouslessonandpaymoreattentiontoitinnextbusinessdealings.Shethinksthesamemistakewillbemadeonlyonce.ReferenceKeytoRole-playTextBIsDigitalPiracyUnethical?OrJustIllegal?第十單元4QuestionsonTextB1.

Discusswhetherdigitalpiracyisunethicalorillegal?Summarizesomereasonsforit.2.

Howisdigitalpiracygoingnow?Whataboutyourcountry?QuestionsonTextB3.

WhatdoyouthinkofNapster,aplatformthatwouldallowpeopletomoreeasilylocateanddownloaddigitalmusicfiles?

4.

Ifyouhadachoice,wouldyouchoosetogotothemovietheatreordownloaddigitalmoviefilesforfree?Why?5.

Discussthemeansbywhichtheaveragepeoplecanusetocombattheharmfuleffectsofdigitalpiracy?QuestionsonTextB1.Discusswhetherdigitalpiracyisunethicalorillegal?Summarizesomereasonsforit.Digitalpiracyisnotonlyunethicalbutalsoillegal.Itwasclearthatcopyrightlawsarebeingviolated.CopyingasongfromaCDtoanMP3isacriminaloffense,whichcanbepunishablebyuptosixyearsinprisoninsomecountries.Thosewhostealsdigitalmedianotonlyweakenpropertyrightsofmusiciansandwriters,theyalsoweakentheirownpersonalrightstoownproperty.QuestionsonTextB2.

Howisdigitalpiracygoingnow?Whataboutyourcountry?

YearsafterNapster,musiciansarestillvictimsofdigitalpiracy,butnowitiscompaniesthatmakethetheftpossible.Companiesdevelopingsoftware,entertainment,intellectualproperty,orwithname-brandrecognitionallstandtolosefrompiracy.

Chinahastakensomestepstocombatpiracyandcounterfeiting,althoughthereremainsmuchmoretobedoneinactionsvs.issuingstatements.TherecentcreationoftheStateIntellectualPropertyOffices,isonesmallstep.ChinaonlyjoinedtheWTOin2001.UntilrecentlythecountrywasQuestionsonTextB2.

Howisdigitalpiracygoingnow?Whataboutyourcountry?inadiscretionaryperiodwhichtheyhavejustgottenoutof.Thisperiodgavethemsomeleewayintermsofwhichoftheorganization’srulesthecountryhadtoadhereto.Nowthattheprobationaryperiodhasended,thecountryistryingtodemonstrateanefforttowardscompliance.UniversitiesareendeavoringtowardsIPlawandthereissomeeffortbytheNationalCopyrightAdministrationtoclosedownunlawfulwebsitesandservers.QuestionsonTextB2.

Howisdigitalpiracygoingnow?Whataboutyourcountry?

Chinahasdramaticallyincreaseditspatentfilingsproducingover200,000patentsin2006.Whilesomewouldsaythatthisincreaseofpatentsgivesthemmorereasontoabidebyinternationallaw,itremainstobeseenwhetherthisisproven.QuestionsonTextB3.WhatdoyouthinkofNapster,aplatformthatwouldallowpeopletomoreeasilylocateanddownloaddigitalmusicfiles?

Personally,IthinkNapsteriswonderful!Wheneversomeonetellsmetolistentothissongorthat,IjustgotoNapster.ButIalsodobuyCDs.Idon’thavetimetodownload20songstomakeacompleteCD,soIjustgooutandbuyitfor$15.ButthethingwithNapsteristhatithasalotofraremusiconthenetworkthatIcan’tfindatanylocalmusicstores,andIwillmissthat!QuestionsonTextB3.WhatdoyouthinkofNapster,aplatformthatwouldallowpeopletomoreeasilylocateanddownloaddigitalmusicfiles?

Iheartheyaregoingtochargeafee,andIwillpayitbecauseitwillbefairtoeveryone,therewillbenolosers.IsaykeepNapsteropen,butchargeasmallmonthlyfeeoflike$5.Itisn’tthatmuch,andifyoudon’tgivetherecordlabelsanymoney,wewon’thaveanymoregoodmusictoenjoy!

Personally,Idobelieveit’swrong.It’swrongbecausesuchprogramscontributetowidespreadpiracyQuestionsonTextB4.Ifyouhadachoice,wouldyouchoosetogotothemovietheatreordownloaddigitalmoviefilesforfree?Why?

IfIhadachoice,Iwouldchoosetogotothemovietheatre.Televisionisnotsuperiortothemovietheater.IntermsofaudiencethetheaterwinssincetheTVaudiencemightbeyourselfonlyorwithacoupleofyourfriends.Whileinthetheateryouhavealargegroupofpeople,whichaddstothesoundeffectsandtheexcitementtothemovie,andmakesitworththemoneyyouarespending.AlsointhetheateryoucanenjoythemoviesmuchbetterwithyourfriendsthanonTVbecauseyouhavethegiantscreeninfrontofyou.Thegeneralatmosphereinthetheatreiswhatmakesitsospecialandenjoyablethantelevision,becauseyouhavetheaudiencewhoaresharingthesameexcitement.QuestionsonTextB4.Ifyouhadachoice,wouldyouchoosetogotothemovietheatreordownloaddigitalmoviefilesforfree?Why?

IfIhadachoice,IwouldchoosetowatchamovieathomewhetherIdownloaditforfreeorpayforit.WatchingamovieonTVcanbesoenjoyableinthecomfortofyourownhousedressedupwithsoftclotheswhilewatchingthemovie.Thegreatthingaboutwatchingthemovieathomeisthatyoucanpausethemovieifsomeoneisdisturbingyou,alsoifyouwanttograbasnack,gotothebathroomordecidedtowatchitlater.WhilethemoviesinthecinemaarenotmuchcontrolledastheonesthatareavailableonTV.QuestionsonTextB5.Discussthemeansbywhichtheaveragepeoplecanusetocombattheharmfuleffectsofdigitalpiracy?Piracyhasnegativeeffectsontheuserparticipatinginthetheft.Piratedsoftware,musicandmoviesareoftenofinferiorquality.Additionally,theuseofpiratedinformationisfrequentlyusedasawaytospreadcomputerviruses.Illicitsoftwarecanbeeasilymodifiedtocontainharmfulcomputercode.Downloadingandusingthepiratedsoftwarecanresultinthecorruptionorlossofdataonyourcomputer,identitytheft,personalliabilityforcriminalactivity,andevenfinanciallossduetolawsuitsorfraud.QuestionsonTextB5.Discussthemeansbywhichtheaveragepeoplecanusetocombattheharmfuleffectsofdigitalpiracy?