美國(guó)貨幣的發(fā)展英語(yǔ)閱讀理解In

the

earliest

stages

of

man’s

development

he

had

no

more

need

of

money

than

animals

have.

He

was

content

with

very

simple

forms

of

shelter,

made

his

own

rough

tools

and

weapons

and

could

provide

food

and

clothing

for

himself

and

his

family

from

natural

materials

around

him.

As

he

became

more

civilized,

however,

he

began

to

want

better

shelter,

more

efficient

tools

and

weapons,

and

more

comfortable

and

more

lasting

clothing

than

could

be

provided

by

his

own

neighborhood

or

by

the

work

of

his

own

unskilled

hands.

For

these

things

he

had

to

turn

to

the

skilled

people

such

as

smiths,

leather

workers

or

carpenters.

It

was

then

that

the

question

of

payment

arose.At

first

he

got

what

he

wanted

by

a

simple

process

of

exchange.

The

smith

who

had

not

the

time

to

look

after

land

or

cattle

was

glad

to

take

meat

or

grain

from

the

farmer

in

exchange

for

an

axe

or

a

plough.

But

as

more

and

more

goods

which

had

no

fixed

exchange

value

came

on

the

market,

exchange

became

too

complicated

to

be

satisfactory.

Another

problem

arose

when

those

who

made

things

wanted

to

get

stocks

of

wood

or

leather,

or

iron,

but

had

nothing

to

offer

in

exchange

until

their

finished

goods

were

ready.Thus

the

difficulties

of

exchange

led

by

degrees

to

the

invention

of

money.

In

some

countries

easily

handled

things

like

seeds

or

shells

were

given

a

certain

value

and

the

farmer,

instead

of

paying

the

smith

for

a

new

axe

by

giving

him

some

meat

or

grain,

gave

him

so

many

shells.

If

the

smith

had

any

shells

left

when

he

had

bought

his

food,

he

could

get

stocks

of

the

raw

materials

of

his

trade.

In

some

countries

quite

large

things

such

as

cows

or

camels

or

even

big

flat

stones

were

used

for

trade.

Later,

pieces

of

metal,

bearing

values

according

to

the

rarity

of

the

metal

and

the

size

of

the

pieces,

or

coins

were

used.

Money

as

we

know

it

had

arrived.練習(xí)1

Exchange

of

goods

became

difficult

because

_____.A:

man

became

more

civilizedB:

smiths

began

to

look

after

land

or

cattle

in

their

spare

timeC:

more

and

more

goods

which

had

no

fixed

exchange

values

came

to

the

markerD

farmers

hadn't

enough

grain

or

meat

to

provide

for

skilled

workers2

Money

was

not

used

until

_____.A:

paper

was

inventedB:

people

practiced

a

simple

process

of

exchangeC:

nothing

could

be

offered

in

exchangeD:

the

exchange

of

one

thing

for

another

became

too

complicated3

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