英語(yǔ)15選10練習(xí)題（一）ANepaliteenagerhasdesigneda￡23solarpanelusinghumanhair.MilanKarki,whois18yearsoldandlivesinavillageinruralNepal,usedhumanhairtoreplacesilicon,whichisacommonbut(1)componentofsolarpanels.Byusinghairasa(2),Karkisaidthatsolarpanelscanbeproducedforaround￡23,apricetagthatcouldbe(3)iftheyweremass-produced.Thesolarpanelworksbecausemelanin,thepigment(色素)thatgiveshairitscolor,islight(4)andcanactasanelectricalconductor.Karkiwasinspiredtofollowthis5byaStephenHawkingbook,which(6)howtocreatestaticenergyfromhair.ThedevicethatKarkihas(7)iscapableofproducing9Vor18Wofenergy----plentyto(8)amobilephone.“Halfakiloofhaircanbeboughtforonly16pinNepalandwhereasapackofbatterieswouldcost50pandlastafewnights,”accordingtoTheDailyMail.Milanandhisfourclassmates(9)madethesolarpanelasanexperimentbuttheteensare(10)ithaswideapplicabilityandcommercialviability.Karkihasnowsentoutseveraldevicestootherdistrictsnearhishomefortesting.Hesaid,“FirstIwantedtoprovideelectricityformyhome,thenmyvillage.NowIamthinkingforthewholeworld.”A)routeB)chargeC)importantD)expensiveE)declinedF)replacementG)explainedH)sensitiveI)convincedJ)initiallyK)demonstratedL)simplyM)producedN)halvedO)sensibleDFNHAGKBJI(二)Women’sDaymarkstheroleofwomeninboththepastandthepresent.Itwasstartedto1theimportanceofworkingwomenandbringtheirproblemsto2.However,3thedayisnotaone-dayagenda.Therealchallengeliesinthenaturalflowoffeelings----honoringandcelebratingwomanhoodonaparticularMarch8onlytoforgetitsimportancethenextdayis4.IncountrieslikeSouthAfrica,thepeoplecelebratethenationalWomen’sdayonAugust9everyyearwithavarietyofevents.Women’sDayonAugust9markstheday,in1956,when20,000women5ontheUnionBuildingsinPretoriatoprotestagainstoneofthecornerstonesofapartheid(種族隔離)-----thepassedlaws.ThecountrieswillnowadayscelebratethemonthofAugust,byaceremony6womeninpoliticsanddecision-makingpositions,and7themcertificatesofhonor.InternationalWomen’sDaywascommemoratedintheUnitedStatesduringthe1910sand1920s,butthen8.Itwasrevivedduringthewomen’smovementinthe1960s,butwithoutitssocialistassociations.In1981,theU.S.Congresspasseda9establishingNationalWomen’sHistoryWeek.Sinceitsfounding,theNationalWomen’sHistoryProjecthasrecognizedandcelebratedtherichand10contributionsofwomentothehistoryandcultureoftheUnitedStates.declinedB)celebratingC)paradedD)awardingE)lightF)resolutionG)marchedH)increasinglyI)essentiallyJ)highlightK)disrespectfulL)diminishedM)variedN)promotingO)determinationJEIKGNDAFM（三）Personalityistoalargeextentinherent----AtypeparentsusuallybringaboutAtype1.Buttheenvironmentmustalsohaveaprofoundeffect,sinceifcompetitionisimportanttotheparents,itislikelytobecomeamajorfactorinthelivesoftheirchildren.OneplacewherechildrensoakupAcharacteristicsisschool,whichis,byitsvery2,ahighlycompetitiveinstitution.Toomanyschoolsadoptthewinatallcostsmoralstandardandmeasuretheirsuccessbysportingachievements.The3passionformakingchildrencompeteagainsttheirclassmatesoragainsttheclockproducesatwo-layersystem,inwhichcompetitiveAtypesseeminsomewaybetterthantheirBtypefellows.Beingtookeentowincanhavedangerousconsequences:rememberthatPheidippides,thefirstmarathonrunner,droppeddeadsecondsaftersaying:“Rejoice,weconquer!”Byfartheworstformofcompetitioninschoolsisthedisproportionateemphasisonexaminations.Itisarareschoolthatallowspupilstoconcentrateonthosethingstheydowell.Themeritsofcompetitionbyexaminationaresomewhat4,butcompetitioninthecertainknowledgeoffailureis5harmful.Obviously,itisneitherpracticalnor6thatallAyoungsterschangeintoB’s.Theworldneedstypes,andschoolshaveanimportantdutytotrytofitachild’spersonalitytohispossiblefutureemployment.Itistopmanagement.Ifthepreoccupationofschoolswithacademicworkwas7,moretimemightbespentteachingchildrensurervalues.Perhapsselectionforthecaringprofessions,especiallymedicine,couldbemadelessbygoodgradesinchemistryandmorebysuchconsiderationsas8andsympathy.Itissurelyamistaketochooseourdoctors9fromAtypestock.B’sareimportantandshouldbe10.A)encouragedB)educationC)positivelyD)questionableE)disadvantageousF)lessenedG)exclusivelyH)increasedI)sensitivityJ)specialtyK)offspringL)natureM)desirableN)currentO)possibleKLNDCMFIGA(四)Lowlevelsofliteracyandnumeracyhaveadamagingimpactonalmosteveryaspectofadultlife,accordingtoasurveypublishedyesterday,whichoffersevidenceofadevelopingunderclass.Testsandinterviewswithhundredsofpeopleborninasingleweekin19581illustratedthehandicapofeducationalunderachievement.Theeffectswereseeninunemployment,lowincomes,depressionandsocial2.Thosewholeftschoolat16withpoorbasicskillshadbeenemployedforuptofouryearslessthangoodreadersatthetimetheyreached37.ProfessorJohnBynnerofCityUniversity,who3outtheresearch,saidthattoday’s4peoplewouldfaceevengreaterproblemsbecausethesupplyofmanualjobshad5up.Poorreadersweretwiceaslikelytobeonalow6andfourtimesaslikelytoliveinahouseholdwhereneitherpartnerworked.Womeninthispositionwerefivetimesaslikelytobeclassifiedas7,whilebothsexestendedtofeeltheyhadnocontrolovertheirlives,andtobe8ofothers.Thosewithlowliteracyandnumeracyskillswereseldominvolvedinany9organizationandmuchlesslikelythanotherstohave10inageneralelection.Therehadbeennoimprovementinthelevelofintervieweessincethesamplewassurveyedattheageof21.A)activityB)carriedC)wageD)driedE)keptF)vividlyG)clearlyH)communityI)inactivityJ)respectfulK)unqualifiedL)depressedM)doubtfulN)idleO)votedGIBKDCLMHO(五)Technically,anysubstanceotherthanfoodthataltersourbodilyormentalfunctioningisadrug.Manypeople1believethetermdrugrefersonlytosomesortofmedicineoranillegal2takenbydrugaddicts.Theydon'trealizethatfamiliarsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccoarealsodrugs.Thisiswhythemore3termsubstanceisnowusedbymanyphysiciansandpsychologists.Thephrasesubstanceabuseisoftenusedinsteadofdrugabusetomakeclearthatsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccocanbejustas4misusedasheroinandcocaine.Weliveinasocietyinwhichthemedicinalandsocialuseofsubstances(drugs)ispervasive;anaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobe5,coffeetogetgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.Whendothesesociallyacceptableandapparentlyconstructiveusesofasubstancebecomemisuses?Firstofall,mostsubstancestakeninexcesswillproduce6effectssuchaspoisoningorintenseperceptualdistortions.Repeateduseofasubstancecanalsoleadtophysicaladdictionorsubstancedependence.Dependenceismarkedfirstbyanincreasedtolerance,withmoreandmoreofthesubstancerequiredtoproducethe7effect,andthenbytheappearanceofunpleasantwithdrawalsymptomswhenthesubstanceis8.Drugs(substances)thataffectthecentralnervoussystemandalterperception,mood,andbehaviorareknownaspsychoactivesubstances.Psychoactivesubstancesarecommonlygroupedaccordingtowhethertheyarestimulants,depressants,orhallucinogens(致幻劑).Stimulantsinitiallyspeedupor9thecentralnervoussystem,whereasdepressantsslowitdown.Hallucinogenshavetheirprimaryeffectonperception,distortingandalteringitinavarietyofwaysincludingproducinghallucinations(幻覺).Thesearethesubstancesoftencalledpsychedelic(迷幻藥)(fromtheGreekwordmeaning“mindmanifesting”)becausetheyseemedtoradically10one'sstateofconsciousness.A)destroyB)harmfullyC)mistakenlyD)certainlyE)sociableF)alterG)chemicalH)stimulusI)negativeJ)activateK)neutralL)desiredM)popularN)discontinuedO)disappearedCGKBEILNJF(六)Themajorityofpeople,aboutnineoutoften,areright-handed.Upuntilrecently,peoplewhowereleft-handedwereconsideredtobe1,andoncechildrenshowedthistendencytheywereforcedtousetheirrighthands.Todayleft-handednessisgenerally2,butitisstilla3inaworldwheremostpeopleareright-handed.Forexample,mosttoolsand4arestilldesignedforright-handedpeople.Insports,by5,doingthingswiththelefthandorfoot,isoftenanadvantage.Throwing,kicking,punchingorbattingfromthe“wrong”sidemayresultinthrowingoffmanyopponentswhoaremore6todealingwiththemajorityofplayerswhoareright-handed.Thisiswhy,inmanygamesataprofessionallevel,ahigherproportionofplayersareleft-handedthaninthepopulationasawhole.Theword“right”inmanylanguagesmeans“correct”oris7withlawfulness,whereasthewordassociatedwith“l(fā)eft”,suchas“sinister”,generallyhave8associations.Moreover,amonganumberofprimitivepeoplesthereisacloseassociationbetweendeathandlefthand.Inthepast,inmostWesternsocieties,childrenwereoftenforcedtousetheirrighthands,9towritewith.Insomecasesthelefthandwas10behindthechild’sbacksoitcouldnotbeused.If,inthefuture,theyareallowedtochoose,theywillcertainlybemoreleft-handers,andprobablyfewerpeoplewithminorpsychologicaldisturbancesasaresultofbeingforcedtousetheirrighthands.A)tiedB)abnormalC)comparisonD)contrastE)accustomedF)negativeG)connectedH)minorityI)implementsJ)illegalK)especiallyL)speciallyM)disadvantageN)opposedO)acceptedBOMIDEGFKA（七）PerhapslikemostAmericansyouhavesomeextrapoundsto47.Youmayevenhavetriedafaddietortwo,butfoundyourselfrightbackwhereyoustarted.Thekeytoweightlossisregular48activity.Andsurprisingly,youdon'thavetogiveupeatingormakethegymyoursecondhometoseelong-term,49effects.Youbodyneedsacertainamountofenergytomaintainbasic50suchasbreathing,bloodcirculationanddigestion.Theenergyrequiredtokeepyourorgansfunctioningisreferredtoastherestingorbasalmetabolicrate.Anytimeyouareactive,51energyisrequired.Itisobtainedfromglycogenandfatstoredintheblood,liver,andmuscles.Thekeytolosingweightistodrawonthefatratherthanonthecarbohydratereserves.Whichofthetwoenergysourcesyouusedependsontheintensityand52ofyouractivity.Thehighertheintensity,themoreyourbodywillpullfromthestoredcarbohydrates.Thelowertheintensity,themoreyourbodywill53onfatasitsfuel.Aerobicexerciseismost54forweightloss.Whenyouperformaerobicactivitiesyou55contractlargemusclegroupssuchasyourlegsandarms.Walking,running,rollerblading,swimming,dancing,andjumpingjacksareallformsofaerobicactivity.Surprisingly,ifyouraerobicactivityislowtomoderatelyintenseandoflongduration,youwillburnmorefatthanifyouhad56inashortburstofhigh-intensityexercise.Inshort,abrisk30-minutewalkwillburnfatwhilea100-yardsprintwillburnglycogen.[A]positive[B]additional[C]duration[D]effectivee[E]shed[F]physical[G]food[H]functions[I]participated[J]rely[K]cut[L]repeatedly[M]uses[N]little[O]obviousEFAHBCGDLI(八)Asunflowerisasunflower.Amobilephoneisamobilephone.Butcanyou47thetwotodosomethingforyourlocal48?Itmaywellbepossible.Whenyouhavefinishedwithyourmobilephoneyouwillbeableto49itinthegardenoraplantpotandwaitforittoflower.50,abiodegradable(生物可降解的)mobilephonewasintroducedbyscientists.Itishopedthatthenewtypeofphonewillencourage51torecycle.Scientistshavecomeupwithanewmaterialoverthelastfiveyears.Itlookslikeanyother52andcanbehardorsoft.andabletochangeshape.Overtimeitcanalsobreakdownintothesoilwithoutgivingoutanytoxic53.Britishresearchersusedthenewmaterialtodevelopaphonecoverthatcontainsasunflowerseed.Whenthisnewtypeofcoverturnsintowaste,it54nitrates(硝酸鹽).Thesefeedtheseedandhelptheflowergrow.Engineershavedesignedasmall55windowtoholdtheseed.Theyhavemadesureitonlygrowswhenthephoneisthrownaway."We'veonlyputsunflowerseedsintothecoverssofar.Butweareworkingwithplant56tofindoutwhichflowerswouldperformbest.Maybewecouldputrosesinnexttime,"saidonescientist.[A]Recently[B]consumer[C]chemical[D]environment[E]combine[F]transparent[G]buy[H]companion[I]experts[J]forms[K]bury[L]paper[M]paper[N]plastic[O]UsuallyEOKABNCGFI(九)Inrecentyears,moreandmoreforeignersareinvolvedintheteachingprogramsoftheUnitedStates.Boththeadvantagesandthedisadvantages47usingforeignfacultyinteachingpositionshavetobe48,ofcourse.Itcanbesaidthattheforeignbackgroundthatmakesthefacultymemberfromabroadanassetalso49problemsofadjustment,bothfortheuniversityandfortheindividual.Theforeignresearchscholarusuallyisolateshimselfinthelaboratoryasameansofprotection;50,whatheneedsistobefittedtoahighlyorganizeduniversitysystemquitedifferentfrom51athome.Heisfacedinhisdailyworkwithdifferencesinphilosophy,arrangementsofcoursesandmethodsofteaching.Boththevisitingprofessorandhisstudents52acommongroundineachother’scultures,someconceptofwhatisalreadyinthemindsofAmericanstudentsis53fortheforeignprofessor.Whilehelpinghimtoadapthimselftohisnewenvironment,theuniversitymustalso54certainadjustmentsinordertotakefulladvantageofwhatthenewcomercan55.Itisn’talwaysknownhowtomakecreativeuseofforeignfaculty,especiallyatsmallercolleges.Thisisthoughttobea56wherefurtherstudyiscalledfor.Thefindingsofsuchastudywillbeofvaluetocollegesanduniversitieswithforeignfaculty.A)fieldB)possessC)consideredD)expressE)offerF)createG)requiredH)ofI)emergeJ)makeK)lackL)howeverM)scopeN)causeO)thatHCFLOKGJEA(十)RockandrollisagenreofpopularmusicthatevolvedintheUnitedStatesinthelate1940sandearly1950s.Its47liemainlyinblues,rhythmandblues,country,folk,gospel,andjazz.Thestylesubsequentlyspreadtotherestoftheworldanddevelopedfurther,leadingultimatelyto48rockmusic.Theterm“rockandroll”nowcoversatleasttwodifferentmeanings,bothincommonusage.TheAmericanHeritageDictionaryandtheMerriam-WebsterDictionaryboth49rockandrollassynonymouswithrockmusic.50,/doc/2b17268271.htmldefinesthetermasreferringspecificallytothemusicofthe1950s.Classicrockandrollis51playedwithoneortwoelectricguitars,astringbassoranelectricbassguitar,andadrumkit.Inthe52rockandrollstylesofthelate1940s,eitherthepianoorsaxophonewasoftentheleadinstrument,buttheseweregenerally53orsupplementedbytheguitarinthemiddletolate1950s.Themassivepopularityandeventualworldwideviewofrockandrollgaveita54socialimpact.Farbeyondsimplyamusicalstyle,rockandroll,asseeninmoviesandinthenewmediumoftelevision,55lifestyles,fashion,attitudes,andlanguage.Itwentontospawnvarioussub-genres,oftenwithouttheinitially56backbeat,thatarenowmorecommonlycalledsimply“rockmusic”or“rock”.A)defineI)followedB)characteristicJ)modernC)uniqueK)explanationD)rootsL)ConverselyE)usuallyM)replacedF)BasicallyN)prepareG)earliestO)seldoH)influencedDJALEGMCHB(十一)TheAmericanpatentsystem,providedforintheConstitution,wasdesignedtoencouragethecreationanduseofnewtechnology.Aninventorwoulddescribetheinvention,bothinwritingandwithdrawings,and__47__thedescriptionwithamodeltoagovernmentofficial.Iftheinventionwasjudgedtobe___48__andbeneficial,theofficialwouldgivetheinventorapatent.Thepatentmeantthatfor14yearstheinventorownedthenewinvention.Inventorscould___49__theirideastomanufacturersorjustusethemthemselves.Thegovernmentwouldnot___50__anyotherpatentforthesameidea,andtheinventorcould___51__anyoneofusingthepatentedideawith-outpayingtheownerofthepatentfor___52__touseit.Ausefulpatentmeantthattheinventorcouldmakealotofmoney.Inexchangeforthisgover-nmentalprotection,thegovernmentpublishedthepatent__53___,whichhadtoprovideenoughinformationsothatotherpeoplecouldunderstandtheinvention—thusaddingtothegeneral__54_technologicalknowledge.Andattheendofthe14years,anyonecouldusetheinventionfor__55__.Theideabehindthepatentsystemwastwofold:itwouldincreasetheamountoftechnology,byprovidingawayforpeopletomakemoneyoutofnewideas,anditwouldmakenewtechnologywidelyavailable,bypublicizingideasthatmight___56__bekeptastradesecrets.A)licenseI)specificationsB)howeverJ)yieldC)accuseK)issueD)submitL)chargeE)convenientM)availableF)permissionN)otherwiseG)enableO)originalH)freeDOAKCFIMHN(十二)Apioneeringstudyintotheeffectsofamother’sfatintakeduringpregnancyonherchild’shealthwhenheorshegrowsupisbeinglaunchedattheUniversityofSouthampton.Theresearchwillinvestigatewhetherthetypeandamountoffatamothereatsduringpregnancy11theriskofheartdisease,12highbloodpressure,inherchildwhenheorshereachesadulthood.Althoughthelinkbetweenhighfatdietsandhighbloodpressureiswellknown,therehasbeen13researchintotheconnectionbetweenawoman’sdietandherchild’sriskofhypertension(高血壓).Thestudy,whichis14bytheBritishHeartFoundation,isledbyDrGrahamBurdge,BritishHeartFoundationProfessorofCardiovascularScience.Theawardofthis15grantispartofa￡3.5millionboostforheartresearchintheUKbytheBritishHeartFoundation.Thecharity’sspecialgrantsaremadetofundresearchintothecauses,prevention,16andtreatmentofheartdisease,theUK’sbiggestkiller.DrBurdgesays,“Thetypeandamountoffatinourdiethas17duringthepast50years.Pregnantwomen18thesamedietastherestofus,butweknowverylittleaboutthe19ofthesechangesindietary(飲食的)fatonthedevelopmentandfuturehealthoftheirchildren.Wehopethatthe20ofthisstudywillhelptodeveloprecommendationsforpregnantwomenabouthowmuchfattheyshouldeatandwhattypesoffattheyshouldavoid.”A)fundedI)consumeB)diagnosisJ)coveringC)includingK)influencesD)foundedL)notoriousE)changedM)effectsF)enoughN)affectsG)findingsO)prestigiousH)limitedKCHAOBEIMG(十三)Itseemsyoualwaysforget—yourreadingglasseswhenyouarerushingtowork,yourcoatwhenyouaregoingtothecleaners,yourcreditcardwhenyouareshopping...Suchabsent-mindednessmaybe47toyou;nowBritishandGermanscientistsaredevelopingmemoryglassesthatrecordeverythingthe48sees.Theglassescanplaybackmemorieslatertohelpthewearerrememberthingstheyhaveforgottensuchaswheretheylefttheirkeys.Andtheglassesalso49theuserto"label"itemssothatinformationcanbeusedlateron.Thewearercouldwalkaroundanofficeorafactoryidentifyingcertain50bypointingatthem.Objectsindicatedarethengivena51labelonascreeninsidetheglassesthattheuserthenfillsin.Itcouldbeusedin52plantsbymechanicslookingtoidentifymachinepartsorbyelectricianswiringa53device.Aspokesmanfortheprojectsaid:"Acarmechanicfor54couldfindataglancewhereapartonacertaincarmodelissothatitcanbeidentifiedandrepaired.Forthemotoristthesystemcould55accidentblackspotsordangersontheroad."Inothercasestheglassescouldbewornbypeoplegoingonaguidedtour,56pointsofinterestorbypeoplelookingatpanoramaswhereallthesitescouldbeidentified.[A]allow[B]instance[C]blank[D]industrial[E]frustrating[F]items[G]indicating[H]highlight[I]user[J]complicated[K]white[L]annoying[M]successful[N]article[O]simpleEIAFADJBHG(十四)Haveyoueverbeenafraidtotalkbackwhenyouweretreated____47___?Haveyoueverboughtsomethingjustbecausethesalesmantalkedyouintoit?Areyouafraidtoasksomeoneforadate.Manypeopleareafraidtoassert(表現(xiàn))themselves.Dr.Albertithinksit'sbecausetheirself-respectislow."Ourwhole____48___isdesignedtomakepeopledistrustthemselves,"saysAlberti."There'salways'____49___'around-aparent,ateacher,aboss-who'knowsbetter'.Thesesuperiorsoftengainwhentheychip(削弱)awayatyourself-image."ButAlbertiandotherscientistsaredoingsomethingtohelppeople____50___themselves.They____51___"assertivenesstraining"courses-Atforshort.IntheATcoursespeoplelearnthattheyhavearighttobethemselves.Theylearntospeakoutandfeelgoodaboutdoingso.Theylearntobemore____52___withouthurtingotherpeople.Inoneway.learningtospeakoutisto____53___fear.Agrouptakingacoursewillhelpthetimidpersontolosehisfear.ButATusesanevenstronger____54___-theneedtoshare.Thetimidpersonspeaksoutinthegroupbecausehewantstotellhowhefeels.Whetherornotyouspeakupforyourselfdependsonyourself-image.Ifsomeoneyoufaceismore"important"thanyou,youmayfeellessofaperson.Youstartto____55___yourowngoodsense.Yougobytheotherperson's____56___.But,whyshouldyou?ATsaysyoucangettofeelgoodaboutyourself.Andonceyoudo,youcanlearntospeakout.[A]doubt[I]peace[B]active[J]demand[C]system[K]ask[D]offer[L]superior[E]unfairly[M]overcome[F]unfortunately[N]confidence[G]motive[O]roar[H]imageECLHOBMGAJ(十五)Americansareproudoftheirvarietyandindividualty,yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform.Whyareuniformsso__1__intheUnitedStates?Amongtheargumentsforuniforms,oneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmore__2__thancivilian（百姓的）clothes.Peoplehavebecomeconditionedto__3__superiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform.Thetelevisionrepairmanwhowearsauniformtendsto__4__moretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithinthe__5__ofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whataneasierwayisthereforanurse,a