SectionⅢWordpower,Task&Projecteq\a\vs4\al([基礎詞匯])1．handfuln． 少量的人或物；一把(的量)2．splitvi.&vt. 分割，(使)分開；撕開，割破3．a(chǎn)nnualadj. 每年的，一年一次的4．portn. 港口；(計算機)端口5．punctualadj. 準時的，守時的6．a(chǎn)risevi. 出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生7．crashn．&vi.&vt. 撞車；碰撞；倒閉；崩潰8．finevt. 處以罰金9．violatevt. 違犯，違反；侵犯10．turningn. 拐彎處，轉彎處11．braken. 剎車，車閘vt. 用車閘減速，剎車eq\a\vs4\al([拓展詞匯])12．enquiryn．詢問，咨詢；調(diào)查，查究，探究→enquirevt.詢問，打聽13．receptionistn.接待員→receptionn．接待處；反應；接待→receptiveadj.愿意傾聽的，樂于接受的14．reservationn.預訂，預約；保留意見→reservevt.預訂，預約；保留15．departuren.離開，出發(fā)；背離，違反→departv．離開16．a(chǎn)ggressiveadj.好斗的，挑釁的，富于攻擊性的→aggressionn．進攻；侵犯；侵略→aggressvi.攻擊；侵犯17．drunkadj.喝醉的n.醉漢，酒鬼→drinkv．喝；飲n.飲料；喝酒→drinkern．飲者；酒徒18．loadn．負荷，負載；大量，許多vt.裝載，裝上，裝入→unloadvt.卸下；卸貨；擺脫……之負擔1．putthrough 給某人接通()；使經(jīng)歷2．decideon/upon 決定，選定3．putoff 推遲，推延；使反感4．turnup 出現(xiàn)，到來；調(diào)高(音量等)5．fillin 填寫(表格)；消磨(時間)6．a(chǎn)handfulof 少數(shù)的，少量的7．splitup 分組，分解；分離8．inadvance 提前9．speedup (使)加速10．underrepair 在修理中11．inadditionto 除……之外，還12．a(chǎn)risefrom 起因于，由……引起13．resultin 導致(某種結果)1．too...to...太……而不能Manycyclistsfailtopayattentiontothecarsthatsurroundthem,andoftenridetooclosetocarstoallowthemspaceandtimetostop.許多騎自行車的人不注意周圍的車輛，而且經(jīng)常騎得與車輛太近，以至于車輛沒有足夠的空間和時間剎車。2．that引導同位語從句Somecyclistsmaketheassumptionthattrafficlawsdonotapplytothem,butthisisnottrue.有些騎自行車的人認為交通規(guī)則不適用于他們，但是這是不對的。3．make＋it＋adj.＋(forsb.)todosth.Carryingmorethanalightloadonyourbicyclemakesitmoredifficulttocontrol．負重過量會使你的自行車更難控制。Scanthetextandchoosethebestanswer.1．Whodecidedtodoaprojectontransport?A．ZhaoNing. B．LiNing.C．ZhaoMing. D．LinQing.2．WhatistheroadthatgoesthroughatunnelcalledintheUSA?A．Alightrailway. B．Arailway.C．Anunderpass. D．Amotorway.3．WhataremainroadsoftencalledintheUSA?A．Highroads. B．Mainstreets.C．Highways. D．Mainways.4．Whatisitcalledifyouhavetopaytousearoad?A．Ajunction. B．Anintersection.C．Apath. D．Atollroad.答案：1－4.ACCDTrafficAccidentsandRoadSafetyThenumberofroadaccidentsandthedeathsarisingfrom①thoseaccidents②hasincreasedoverthepastyear③.Thisnoticeisaimedat④increasingpeople’sknowledgeoftheproblem.Wemustallbeawareof⑤thepotentialcausesoftrafficaccidentsandacttopreventthem.Thisistrueof⑥everyoneasaccidentsaffectdriversofvehiclesaswellas⑦cyclists⑧andpedestrians⑨.Weallhavearesponsibilityto⑩preventaccidents.Belowaresomeofthemajorcausesofroadaccidentsinconnectionwith?vehiclessuchascars,minibuses?andlorries，andwhatdriversshoulddotopreventthem．?①arise[?'raIz]vi.出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生arisefrom起因于，由……引起②現(xiàn)在分詞短語用作thedeaths的后置定語。③overthepastyear在過去的一年里，常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。④beaimedat目的是，目標是⑤beawareof意識到，認識到⑥betrueof符合，適用于⑦aswellas也，又⑧cyclist['saIklIst]n.騎自行車的人⑨pedestrian[p?'destrI?n]n.行人，步行者adj.行人(使用)的⑩havearesponsibilitytodosth.有責任做某事?inconnectionwith與……有關?minibus['mInIb?s]n.中巴，小型公共汽車?本句為完全倒裝句。eq\a\vs4\al()交通事故與道路安全在過去的一年里，道路交通事故及由此造成的死亡人數(shù)均有所增長。此通告旨在提高人們對這一問題的認識。我們都必須意識到造成交通事故的潛在原因，并采取措施防止事故發(fā)生。這對每個人都尤為重要，因為事故不只是影響到騎自行車的人和行人，而且還影響到機動車駕駛員，我們大家都有責任預防事故的發(fā)生。以下是機動車如小汽車、小型巴士和貨車引起道路交通事故的一些主要原因，以及司機為防止事故應采取的措施。·Driversnotpayingattention—Thisisthemostmoncauseofaccidents.Whendriversdonotpayattentiontosurroundingtraffic,theyarenotreadywhenanotherdriverdoessomethingwrong?，liketurningwithoutsignallingorgivingwrongsignals?.·Driversgettingannoyed?inatrafficjam—Manydriversareaggressive?andpushinto?otherlanes?oftrafficorpassothercars.Thesearebothverydangerousbecausetheycanresultincrashes?.·Driversspeakingonmobilephones—Recentlythenumberofpeoplefinedforspeakingontheirmobilephoneswhiledrivinghasincreasedby30percent.Speakingonthephonerequiresapersontoconcentrateandtakesadriver’sattentionfromtheroad.?dosomethingwrong做錯事?givewrongsignals發(fā)出錯誤信號?getannoyed感到苦惱；失去耐心?aggressive[?'ɡresIv]adj.好斗的，挑釁的，富于攻擊性的?pushinto推進，推動?lane[leIn]n.車道；小路；小巷?crash[kr??]n.&vi.&vt.撞車；碰撞；倒閉；崩潰fine[faIn]vt.處以罰金過去分詞短語finedforspeaking...作后置定語，修飾people，people與fine之間是被動關系。whiledriving補充完整為whiletheyaredriving。eq\a\vs4\al()·司機注意力不集中——這是事故最常見的原因。當司機不注意周圍的交通狀況，而另一個司機出了差錯(如未打信號燈就突然轉向、發(fā)出錯誤信號等)時他們?nèi)狈蕚洹！に緳C在交通堵塞時沒有耐心——許多司機好逞強，他們搶道或超車。這兩種情況都非常危險，因為它們很容易導致撞車。·司機駕駛時用打——最近因駕駛時用打而被罰款的司機人數(shù)增長了30%。使用通話需要集中注意力，這樣就分散了司機對路面情況的注意力。·Drinkinganddriving—Ifyoudriveafteryouhaveconsumedalcoholicdrinksoraredrunk,youareviolatingthelawandriskingyourownlifeaswellasthelivesofothers.Ifyouarewithsomeonewhohasbeendrinkingalcohol，evenifitisjustacoupleofbeers,donotallowthemtodrive.·Driversspeeding—Speedkills.Thisisafactthatiseasilyignored，butdrivingtoofastthroughcitystreetsisverydangerous.Ourcitystreetsarealwayscrowdedwithpeople,carsandbicycles.Drivershavetotaketheresponsibilitytowatchoutforpeoplecrossingtheroad，especiallyseniorcitizenswhomaynotbeabletowalkveryfastandyoungchildrenwhomaynotlookbeforesteppingintotheroad.Driversshouldbecarefulnearschoolsinparticular,becausetherearelikelytobemanychildren.Onthenextpagearesomeofthechiefcausesofroadaccidentsrelatedtocyclistsandpedestrians，andwhattheyshoulddotopreventaccidents.drunk[dr??k]adj.喝醉的n．醉漢，酒鬼violate['vaI?leIt]vt.違犯，違反；侵犯violatethelaw違法riskone’slife冒生命危險riskdoingsth.冒險做某事beer[bI?(r)]n.啤酒；一杯(或一罐)啤酒becrowdedwith擠滿taketheresponsibilitytodosth.承擔責任做某事watchoutfor戒備，提防，密切注意stepinto走進第一個who引導定語從句，修飾citizens；第二個who也引導定語從句，修飾children。inparticular特別，尤其belikelytodo可能做(be)relatedto與……有關eq\a\vs4\al()·酒后駕駛——如果你酒后或醉酒后開車，你就是違犯法律并拿自己和別人的生命開玩笑。如果你和喝了酒的人在一起，即使他們只喝了幾杯啤酒，也不要允許他們開車。·超速駕駛——超速是致命的。這是一個容易被忽視的事實，但在城市街道上車速過快是非常危險的。我們的城市街道總是擠滿了行人、小汽車和自行車。司機們有責任留意過馬路的人們，尤其是那些行動緩慢的老人和過馬路時不注意觀察兩邊的兒童。司機們在附近尤其要小心，因為那里可能有許多兒童。下頁講的是與騎自行車的人和行人相關的道路交通事故的一些主要原因，以及他們?yōu)榉乐故鹿蕬扇〉拇胧！yclistsnotpayingattention—Manycyclistsfailtopayattentiontothecarsthatsurroundthem，andoftenridetooclosetocarstoallowthemspaceandtimetostop.Somecyclistsmaketheassumptionthattrafficlawsdonotapplytothem，butthisisnottrue.Cyclistsshouldalwayssignalatturningsandstayonthecorrectsideoftheroad.·Ridingbicyclesonthepavement—Sometimesbicyclesareallowedonthepavement,butcyclingonthepavementcanbedangeroustopedestrians.Whenonthepavement，cyclistsshouldwalknexttotheirbicyclestoavoidcausinganyaccidents.·Cyclistscarryingapassenger—Carryingmorethanalightloadonyourbicyclemakesitmoredifficulttocontrol.Thislackofcontrolisaninvitationtoaccidents.·Bicycleswithoutlights—Itisremendedtohavealightonyourbicycleatnight.Checkyourlightregularlytomakesureitworks,asmanyaccidentsarecausedatnightbecauseabicyclecannotbeseen.failtodosth.未能做某事too...to...太……而不能……maketheassumptionthat...做出……的假設applyto適合，適用于turning['tз?nI?]n.拐彎處，轉彎處atturnings在轉彎處avoiddoingsth.避免做某事load[l??d]n.負荷，負載；大量，許多vt.裝載，裝上，裝入lackof缺少，缺乏invitation此處意為“招致，誘發(fā)”。Itisremendedtodo...“被建議做……”。it是形式主語，真正主語是動詞不定式短語。remend當“建議”講時，其后從句用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞用shoulddo，should可以省略。asmanyaccidents...是as引導的原因狀語從句。eq\a\vs4\al()·騎自行車的人注意力不集中——許多騎自行車的人不注意周圍的車輛，而且經(jīng)常騎得與車輛太近，以至于車輛沒有足夠的空間和時間剎車。有些騎自行車的人認為交通規(guī)則不適用于他們，但是這是不對的。騎自行車的人每當轉彎時都應該示意，并且只能在規(guī)定的道路一側騎車。·在人行道上騎自行車——有時候自行車是允許在人行道上騎的，但在人行道上騎自行車對行人來說是很危險的。在人行道上時，騎自行車的人應推著車子走，以免造成事故?！をT自行車帶人——負重過量會使你的自行車更難控制。而缺乏控制就會誘發(fā)事故?！ぷ孕熊嚐o燈——夜間騎自行車建議你在自行車上裝個燈。定期檢查燈是否完好，因為許多事故是由于夜間自行車未被看見而造成的?！icyclesinneedofrepair—Anothercauseofaccidentsisthatbicyclesarenotkeptingoodcondition.Oftenbrakesdonotworkproperlyortyresaresooldthatthebicyclecannotstopintime.·Pedestrianscrossingtheroadinthewrongway—Roadsafetyisimportantforpedestrianstoo.Theyshouldremembertobecautious，andlookbothwaysandlistenforcarsthattheymightnotbeabletosee.Pedestriansshouldalwayscrosstheroadonacrossing,andshouldneverrunacrosstheroad.Parentsandteachershavearesponsibilitytoteachchildrenhowtocrosstheroadsafely.·Ignoringtrafficlights—Trafficlightsaretheretoguidetrafficinareasonableway.Pedestrians，cyclistsanddriversshouldallobeytrafficlights，stoppingwhenthelightisredandwaitingforittoturngreentogo.Itisuptoallofusroaduserstomakesurethatweavoidaccidentsbypayingattentiontoroadsafety．inneedof需要ingoodcondition狀況良好keep...ingoodcondition使……保持良好狀況brake[breIk]n.剎車，車閘vt.用車閘減速，剎車tyre['taI?(r)]n.輪胎intime及時ontime按時thattheymightnotbeabletosee是that引導的定語從句，修飾cars。crossing['kr?sI?]n.人行橫道；十字路口，交叉點；穿越runacross跑著穿過；偶遇ignorev．忽視，不理睬inareasonableway以合情合理的方式Itisuptosb.todosth.由某人負責做某事；thatweavoidaccidents...是that引導的賓語從句，作makesure的賓語。eq\a\vs4\al()·自行車需要修理——事故的另一個原因是自行車的車況不好。經(jīng)常發(fā)生剎車不靈或車胎老化以致不能及時剎車的情況?！ば腥藖y穿馬路——道路安全對行人也很重要。行人應記住要小心，向左右兩邊看，要注意聽，以免有車而沒有注意到。行人應總是在十字路口過馬路，永遠都不要橫穿馬路。父母和老師有責任教孩子們怎樣安全過馬路?！ず鲆暯煌簟煌糁笓]交通有序進行。行人、騎自行車的人和司機們都應遵守交通信號燈，遇紅燈要停，等它變綠時才能走。我們要注意道路安全，從而確保避免事故，這一切都取決于我們道路使用者。fillin填寫(表格、空格等)eq\a\vs4\al(,,,,,)(教材P57)...butyouwillhavetofillinaformandthenwewilldecideonthebestwaytoorganizethevisit.……不過你們必須先填一個表格，然后我們來確定一下組織你們參觀的最好方式。eq\a\vs4\al()fillup(with) 填補；淤積；裝滿fillout 膨脹，擴張fill...with... 用……裝滿befilledwith＝befullof 充滿 ①Ifyouwanttoapplyforthejob,pleasefillintheform.如果你想申請這份工作，請?zhí)顚戇@張表格。②Fillinyouraddressatthebottomoftheapplicationform.把你的地址填寫在申請表下端。③Hehasfilledupthetankwithgas.他已經(jīng)給油箱裝滿了汽油。④Themomentmyauntgainedherdiplomaafterfouryearsofhardwork,shewasfilled_with_joy.我阿姨苦讀四年之后獲得了文憑，那一刻她欣喜萬分。⑤Uponherreturnhome,Alicewasfilledwithjoyatthenews.愛麗絲一回到家就對這個消息興奮不已。decideon/upon就某事作出決定(教材P57)...butyouwillhavetofillinaformandthenwewilldecideonthebestwaytoorganizethevisit.……不過你們必須先填一個表格，然后我們來確定一下組織你們參觀的最好方式。eq\a\vs4\al()表示“決定做某事”的詞組：decidetodosth. 下決心做某事decidesb.todosth. 使某人決定做某事decideforoneself 自己決定makeadecision 下決心，做決定reachadecision 作出決定determinetodosth. 決定做某事bedeterminedtodosth. 決定做某事makeupone’smindtodosth. 下定決心做某事①Decideonanewcourseandmakeonedecisionatatime.決定一門新課程，一次做一個決定。②Whateverwedecidetodo(do)intheschoolmustbegoodforthestudentsfirst.不管我們在里決定要做什么事情，都必須首先有益于學生。③Thatdecidedmetoleave(leave)myjob.那件事使我決定離職。④Whenthetimecametomakethefinaldecision(decide)foracourse,Idecidedtoapply(apply)fortheonethatreflectedmyinterest.最后決定課程的時候到了，我決定申請能反映我興趣的課程。[巧學活用]——完成句子(1)為了更多地了解中國文化，Jack已經(jīng)決定把中國民間音樂作為選修課。TolearnmoreaboutChineseculture,Jackhasdecidedtotake_Chinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.(2)做任何決定之前，必須學會尊重自己的情感與理智。Youmustlearntoconsultyourfeelingsandyourreasonbeforeyoureachanydecision．splitvi.&vt.劈開，切開；(使)分裂；(使)分開；斷絕關系(教材P57)Wecouldsplitupintogroups,andeatdifferenttimes.我們可以分成幾組，在不同的時間來。eq\a\vs4\al()splitup(intosth.) 斷絕關系；分組，分解；分手splitaway 分離，分裂出去splitinto (使)分成①Thematterhassplitthepartydownthemiddle.此事件導致該黨分成兩大派。②Iwanttosplitthisclassintotwoonesasithasbeetoolarge.這個班太大了，我想要把它分為兩班。③Finally,fishwithdeepsorrow,sunkunderwater,andthatwasthebirdsadsplitawayfromthewaters.最后，這條魚帶著深深的嘆息，沉入水底，而那只鳥也悲傷的飛離了那片水域。④Didthetwoofyousplitupinthewoods?你們倆是在樹林里分開的嗎？⑤Ithinkthearticlewouldbeeasiertoreadifyousplititupintosections.我認為你如果把這篇文章分成若干段落，就比較容易讀了。putthrough給……接通()；使經(jīng)歷(苦難、考驗)；完成，使成功(教材P57)OK,Iwillputyouthroughtothereceptionistandshecantakedownyourdetails.好吧，我給你接通接待員，她可以記下你的詳細情況。eq\a\vs4\al()putaside 忽視，不理睬；忘記；存儲，保留putaway 將……收起；積蓄，攢錢putdown 寫下，記下；鎮(zhèn)壓；放下putforward 提前；撥快；提議putoff 推遲puton 穿(戴)上；上演putup 蓋起，搭起，建起；張貼，留宿putupwith 容忍，忍受putout 生產(chǎn)；伸出；出版；撲滅①Couldyouputmethroughtothemanager，please?請幫我找經(jīng)理接一下，好嗎？②Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,whentheweathermaybebetter.我們將把公園的野餐推遲到下個星期，那時天氣可能會更好。③Pleaseputthesetoolsawayafteryoufinishthework.干完活后請把這些工具收起來。④Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.今日事今日畢。⑤Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.經(jīng)理提出了一條建議，我們應該有個助手。有太多的工作要做。reservationn．(房間、座位等的)預訂；保留(教材P59)TherearemanyflightstoDalian,andthecityhasgoodairconnectionswithmostlargecitiesinChina,butyouneedtomakereservationsinadvance.有許多航班飛往大連，大連與中國的大多數(shù)大城市有良好的空中聯(lián)系，但是你需要提前預訂機票。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)makeareservation 預訂withoutreservation 毫無保留(2)reservev. 儲備；保留；預訂n. 儲備inreserve 備用(3)reservedadj. 保留的，預訂的bereservedfor 為……預留的①Ifyouwanttobuythisnewphone,youshouldmakeareservationinadvance.如果你想買這部新，你應該提前預訂。②Wecondemntheiractionswithoutreservation．我們毫無保留地譴責他們的行為。③Keepsomemoneyinreserve,justincase.存一些錢備用，以防萬一。④Aseparateroomisreservedforsmokers.有一間獨立房間是留給吸煙者用的。Thesetablesarereservedforthechildrenandthereservedseatsbythewindowarealsotakenup,soI’llhavetomakeareservationforyounextweek.[巧學活用]——一句多譯提前預定一張桌子是個好主意。(1)Itisagoodideatoreserveatableinadvance.(reservev．)(2)Itisagoodideatomakeareservationforatableinadvance.(reservationn．)speedup(使)加速(教材P59)Newsflash：AnewservicehasjustopenedbetweenBeijingandDalianandthishasspeededuptravelbetweenthetwocities.新聞快訊：在北京和大連之間剛剛開通了一項新的服務，這加快了兩個城市之間的旅行。eq\a\vs4\al()atthe/aspeedof 以……的速度withallthespeed 全速pickupspeed 加速reducespeed/slowdown 減速athigh/low/full/topspeed 以高/低/全/最高速①Plentyoffreshairandexercisewillspeeduphisrecovery.充足的新鮮空氣和體育鍛煉將加速他的康復。②Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience,especiallyifyouaretravellingathighspeed.突然停止會是一次可怕的經(jīng)歷，尤其是如果你正以高速運行的時候。③Howdidtheaccidenteaboutsincehedroveatthe/aspeedofsixtymilesperhour？既然他以每小時60英里的速度開車，那么事故是怎樣發(fā)生的呢？punctualadj.準時的，守時的(教材P59)Sometimestheslowferriesarenotverypunctualandtheremaybelongdelays.有時候較慢的渡船不是很準時，可能會耽擱很長時間。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)bepunctualtotheminute 一分不差bepunctualfor... 在……方面很守時(2)punctualityn. 準時，守時(3)punctuallyadv. 準時地，準點地①Eventhoughtheconferencehallisnearhisapartment,hehastohurryalittleifhewantstobepunctual.盡管會議大廳就在他的公寓附近，但是如果他想準時的話還得抓緊時間。②IhavetogonowbecauseImustbepunctualforclass.我現(xiàn)在不得不走了，因為我得準時去上課。③Maryarrivedpunctually(punctual)atteno’clock.瑪麗十點鐘準時到達。④Punctuality(punctual)isvital,somethingthatesfromadeeprespectforothers’time.守時非常重要，是來自對他人時間深深地尊重。arisevi.(問題等)出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生；起源于(教材P62)Thenumberofroadaccidentsandthedeathsarisingfromthoseaccidentshasincreasedoverthepastyear.在過去的一年里，道路交通事故及由此造成的死亡人數(shù)均有所增長。eq\a\vs4\al()arisefrom/outof 起因于①Apletelynewsituationislikelytoarisewhenthenewlawesintoeffect.當這條新法律生效時，很可能會出現(xiàn)一個全新的形勢。②WhenIarose(arise)fromthechair,TomandMarywereindeepconversation.當我從椅子上站起來時，湯姆和瑪麗談興正濃。③Itcan’tbetoocarefulwhiledriving，becauseaccidentsoftenarisefrom/outofcarelessness.開車時越仔細越好，因為事故往往是由疏忽大意而引起的。violatevt.違反；違犯；侵犯(教材P62)Ifyoudriveafteryouhaveconsumedalcoholicdrinksoraredrunk,youareviolatingthelawandriskingyourownlifeaswellasthelivesofothers.如果你酒后或醉酒后開車，你就是違犯法律并拿自己和別人的生命開玩笑。eq\a\vs4\al()violatesb.’sprivacy 侵犯某人的隱私violatethepeace 擾亂寧靜①Thesoundofgunsviolatedthepeaceofthecountryside.炮聲擾亂了鄉(xiāng)村的寧靜。②Theywenttoprisonbecausetheyviolated(violate)thelaw.他們觸犯了法律，因此坐了牢。③Thesemenwereviolating(violate)herfamily’sprivacy.這些人侵犯了她家人的隱私。loadn．負荷；負擔；工作量v．裝載；裝貨(教材P63)Carryingmorethanalightloadonyourbicyclemakesitmoredifficulttocontrol.負重過量會使你的自行車更難控制。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)aloadof＝loadsof 大量的，許多(修飾不可數(shù) 名詞或者可數(shù)名詞復數(shù))takealoadoffsb.’smind 消除某人的思想負擔(2)load...with... 裝載；把……裝進……loado/onto... 把某物裝入(到)……(3)unloadvt.&vi. (從車上)卸貨overloadvt.&n. 超載upload/downloadvt. 上傳/①Theoldmancarrieshisload,walkingslowly.老人慢慢地挑著擔子前行。②Lifeislikeabusloadedwithpassengers,eachmantohisdestination.生活就像一輛載滿乘客的公共汽車，每人都有他的目的地。③HearingthegoodnewsItookaloadoffmymind.聽了這個好消息我如釋重負。④Sheloadedfilmintothecamera.她把膠卷裝到照相機里。[巧學活用]——完成句子近年來學生的負擔是一個熱門話題，但父母的負擔卻很少有人關注，尤其是來自自己子女的關懷。Theburdenofstudentshasbeenahottopicforyears,buttheloadofparentshasreceivedlittleattention,especiallyfromtheirownchildren.(教材P55)Forexample,whentravellingbylandwecanusetrains,cars,coaches,busesandbicycles...例如，當我們陸路旅行時，我們可以用火車、轎車、長途公共汽車、公交車和自行車……eq\a\vs4\al()when引導時間狀語從句，省略了主語weare。在復合句中，有些表示時間、地點、條件、方式或讓步等的狀語從句中，如果從句中的主語和主句的主語一致，而且從句的主謂結構為“主語＋be”或者“it/there＋be”時，則可省略從句的主謂結構，構成省略句。①Whenwalkingdownthestreet,IcameacrossDavid,whomIhadn’tseenforyears.當我沿著街道散步時，遇到了多年未見的戴維。②Although(hewas)afarmer,nowheisafamousdirector.雖然他曾是個農(nóng)民，但現(xiàn)在是位著名的導演了。③Whencrossing(cross)thestreet,youshouldlookatbothsides.當過馬路的時候，你應該向兩邊看看。④Whileenjoying(enjoy)themeal,sometalentedstudentsgaveawonderfulfolkdanceperformance,makingtheelderlyveryhappy.吃飯時，一些有天賦的學生表演了完美的民間舞蹈，使老人非常高興。(教材P62)Belowaresomeofthemajorcausesofroadaccidentsinconnectionwithvehiclessuchascars,minibusesandlorries,andwhatdriversshoulddotopreventthem.以下是機動車如小汽車、小型巴士和貨車引起道路交通事故的一些主要原因，以及司機為防止事故應采取的措施。eq\a\vs4\al()本句使用了完全倒裝結構。主語是名詞，將表語below提到句首，故采用完全倒裝。完全倒裝的幾種情況：(1)here,there，now,then等副詞放在句首的時候(謂語動詞通常用be，e，go)。(2)表示運動方向的副詞放在句首的時候(謂語動詞通常用表示運動的動詞)。(3)表示地點的介詞短語放在句首的時候。(4)為了保持句子的平衡或者上下文的銜接緊密，有時候可以將狀語或者表語放在句首。(5)有時候為了強調(diào)，可以將謂語動詞部分的現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞或者不定式放在句首。①Downjumpedthenaughtyboy.那個調(diào)皮的男孩跳了下來。②Amongtheguestsisthemanyouarelookingfor.你找的人在客人中。③Theregoesthebell.鈴響了。④Standingbesidethetableisaseven-year-oldboy.站在桌旁的是一個七歲的男孩。應用中要注意以下幾點：(1)該句式中謂語動詞的數(shù)與后面的主語保持一致。(2)該句式常用于非限制性定語從句中。(3)該句式常用于地點狀語從句中，注意where引導詞的選用。⑤Onthewallhangsabeautifulpicture.墻上掛著一幅美麗的畫。⑥Wesoongottoasmallcottage,infrontofwhichsatalittleboy.我們很快到達了一家小農(nóng)舍，房前坐著一個小男孩。⑦Wetooksomephotoswherestoodthefamoustower.我們在那座名塔處拍了些照片。[巧學活用]——句式升級Theyarrivedatanoldchurch.Abigcrowdofpeoplestoodinfrontoftheoldchurch.Theyarrivedatanoldchurch,infrontofwhichstoodabigcrowdofpeople．(定語從句，并用倒裝句)(教材P62)Ifyouarewithsomeonewhohasbeendrinkingalcohol,evenifitisjustacoupleofbeers，donotallowthemtodrive.如果你和喝了酒的人在一起，即使他們只喝了幾杯啤酒，也不要允許他們開車。eq\a\vs4\al()evenif相當于eventhough，引導讓步狀語從句，意為“即使”。從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。與if相關的短語還有：asif 似乎，好像ifonly 要是……就好了onlyif 只有whatif 如果……該怎么辦 ①Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen,eventhoughhe’sinhisnineties.即使是九十多歲了，我爺爺仍然時不時地打打網(wǎng)球。②Eveniftheyarepletelydifferentfromeachotherincharacter,theyarestillgoodfriends.即使他們在性格方面完全不同，他們?nèi)耘f是好朋友。③Itoldhimhewouldsucceedonlyifhetriedhard.我告訴他，只有努力才能成功。④Ifonlyhewereherenow.要是他現(xiàn)在在這兒就好了。⑤Whatifweinvitedthemtoehereforaplayinstead?如果換作我們邀請他們來這里參加戲劇會怎樣？[學生用書P79]eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)品句填詞1．I’vemadea____________(預訂)foryouonthemorningflight.答案：reservation2．Theyhopedthiswouldleadtothe____________(離開)ofallforeignforcesfromthecountry.答案：departure3．Sheisalways____________(守時)buttodayshewaslate.答案：punctual4．Theteenagerbecamemore____________(好斗的)afterthequarrelwithhisparents.答案：aggressive5．Thecountry____________(違反)theinternationalagreement.答案：violated6．Acrisishas____________(出現(xiàn))intheForeignOffice.答案：arisen7．Themother____________(切成)theappleintohalvesandhandedthemtotheirchildren.答案：split8．Peoplewere____________(裝載)bagsofriceontothetruck.答案：loadingeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單句改錯1．Asifitwilltakemesixweeks,Iamdeterminedtofinishthejob.____________________答案：As→Even2．Fillintheblankswithprepositionswhereisnecessary.____________________答案：去掉is或is前加it3．Shehasfinishedtheworkearlierthanexpect.____________________答案：expect→expected4．Awayrunthedefeatedarmy,leavingmanywoundedsoldiers.____________________答案：run→ran5．Theyarrivedatahouse,infrontofwhichsittinganoldman.____________________答案：sitting→sateq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完成句子1．如果你服藥的時候按照包裝上的說明服用，我認為這種藥會很快起作用的。Followtheinstructionsonthepacket____________thedrugandthedrug,Ithink，willworksoon.答案：whentaking2．我想明天下午我能修好你的車，如果不那樣的話，你得等到星期五。IthinkIcanfixyourcartomorrowafternoon.____________，you’llhavetowaittillFriday.答案：If(itis)not(fixed)3．在英格蘭一所大學的講堂里坐著一位教授。InalecturehallofauniversityinEngland____________．答案：sitsaprofessor4．即使計算是對的，科學家們從來不能肯定他們把所有的可能性都包含了。____________thecalculationisright,scientistscanneverbesurethattheyhaveincludedallpossibilities.答案：Evenif/though5．門開了，她走了進來。Thedooropenedand________________________．答案：inshecameeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)課文語篇改錯Thenumberofroadaccidentsandthedeathsarisenfromthoseaccidentshasbeenincreasedgreatlyoverthepastyear.Thisnoticeisaimedatincreasingpeopleknowledgeoftheproblem.Wemustallbeawarethepotentialcausesoftrafficaccidentsandacttopreventingthem.Thisistrueofeveryoneasaccidentsaffectdriversofvehiclesaswellascyclistsandpedestrians.Weallhadaresponsibilitytopreventaccidents.Driversshouldpayattentiontosurroundingtraffic,butgetreadywhenanotherdriverdoessomethingwrongly.Neverspeakonthephonewhiledrivingontheroad.Beside,don’tdriveafterdrinkinganddon’tallowanyonedrunktodrive.Lastbutnotleast,driversshouldbecarefulnearschoolsbecausethereareliketobemanychildren.答案：Thenumberofroadaccidentsandthedeathseq\f(arisen,arising)fromthoseaccidentshaseq\o(eq\a\vs4\al(been),\s\up0(＼))increasedgreatlyoverthepastyear.Thisnoticeisaimedatincreasingeq\f(people,people’s)knowledgeoftheproblem.Wemustallbeawareofthepotentialcausesoftrafficaccidentsandacttoeq\f(preventing,prevent)them.Thisistrueofeveryoneasaccidentsaffectdriversofvehiclesaswellascyclistsandpedestrians.Wealleq\f(had,have)aresponsibilitytopreventaccidents.Driversshouldpayattentiontosurroundingtraffic,eq\f(but,and)getreadywhenanotherdriverdoessomethingeq\f(wrongly,wrong).Neverspeakonthephonewhiledrivingontheroad.eq\f(Beside,Besides)，don’tdriveafterdrinkinganddon’tallowanyonedrunktodrive.Lastbutnotleast,driversshouldbecarefulnearschoolsbecausethereareeq\f(like,likely)tobemanychildren.A卷[學生用書P145(單獨成冊)]eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．Once____________(begin),itmustbedonewell.答案：begun2．Iwanttomakea____________(reserve)forasingleroom.答案：reservation3．Heheldoffhis____________(depart)untilhissistercame.答案：departure4．Thereisnoproblem____________metobepunctualforworkthoughIhavetotravelthatfar.答案：for5．Unexpecteddifficulties____________(arise)inthecourseoftheirexperiment.答案：arose6．Theshipisloaded____________militaryequipment.答案：with7．Weareputting____________aneducationrevolutioninBritaintoday.答案：through8．Johnwasan____________(aggress)salesmanwhodidhisjobquitewell.答案：aggressive9．Don’tdecide____________importantmatterstooquickly.答案：on/upon10．Theircarspeeded____________whenitreachedthecountry.答案：upeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)閱讀理解ABelieveitornot,opticalillusion(錯覺)cancuthighwaycrashes.Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Butstripes,calledchevrons(人字形),paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyare,andthusdriversslowdown.NowtheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD．C.isplanningtorepeatJapan’ssuccess.Startingnextyear,thefoundationwillpaintchevronsandotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatternsreducehighwaycrashes.Excessive(toogreat)speedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofallfataltrafficaccidents,accordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidents,thefoundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedhazards(danger)arethegreatestcurves(曲線),exitslopes,trafficcircles,andbridges.Somestudiessuggestthatstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitially(最初)cuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.However,trafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbeeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars.Chevrons,scientistssay,notonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspeedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents.【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文，作者通過這篇文章主要向我們講述的是一種新型的可以控制汽車速度的方式。1．Thepassagemainlydiscusses________．A．a(chǎn)newwayofhighwayspeedcontrolB．a(chǎn)newpatternforpaintinghighwaysC．a(chǎn)newwayoftrainingdriversD．a(chǎn)newtypeofopticalillusionA解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文，我們可以知道，在高速公路上畫各種線是為了讓司機覺得車速過快，從而達到控制車速的目的，文章講述的是一種新型的可以控制公路速度的方式；故選A。2．Onroadspaintedwithchevrons,driverstendtofeelthat________．A．theyshouldavoidspeed-relatedhazardsB．theyaredrivinginthewronglaneC．theyshouldslowdowntheirspeedD．theyareingneartothespeedlimitC解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyare”道路上畫的人字形標志讓司機覺得他們的駕駛速度比他們真實的更快，因此司機慢下來，可知司機會減速；故選C。3．Theadvantageofchevronsoverstraight，horizontalbarsisthattheformer________．A．cankeepdriversawakeB．cancutroadaccidentsinhalfC．willlookmoreattractiveD．willhavealongereffectondriversD解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspeedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents.”可知，人字形線比直線、水平線對控制車速有更長久的影響；故選D。4．TheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyplansto________．A．tryouttheJapanesemethodincertainareasB．changetheroadsignsacrossthecountryC．replacestraight，horizontalbarswithchevronsD．repeattheJapaneseroadpatternsA解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“NowtheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD．C.isplanningtorepeatJapan’ssuccess.”現(xiàn)在在華盛頓特區(qū)的美國汽車協(xié)會為了交通安全正在計劃效仿日本的成功的例子，可知美國要學習日本的方式；故選A。BCitiesarelikelytobeaffectedbyoverheating,thankstosomethingcalledtheurbanheatislandeffect.Citiestendtobeshortoftrees,whichprovideshade,andtheyarecoveredwithblackpavement,whichabsorbsheatfromthesun.Thinkofhowitfeelstowearadarkshirtversusawhiteshirtonasunnyday.Ablackshirtabsorbslight,heatingyouup.Butawhiteshirtreflectslight,keepingyoucool.Theaveragetemperatureinacityofamillionormorepeoplecanbemorethan5degreesFhotterthansurroundingareas.Thatextra5degreescanturnahotdayfromunfortabletodeadly.Astemperaturesrise,citieswillbeanespeciallydangerousplacetoliveduringaheatwave.Toprotectpublichealth,cityofficialsaregoingtomakethecitycooler.Aspartofthatef