SectionⅣGrammar&Writing省略句一、簡單句中的省略1．在口語中的省略—Howisyourmothertoday?——你媽媽今天怎么樣？—Muchbetter.——好多了。Anythingwrong？有什么問題嗎？2．在祈使句中的省略Openthedoor,please.請開門。3．在感嘆句中的省略Whataboy！多好的男孩子??！Howtheyareworking！他們工作得多起勁??！4．某些名詞的省略名詞所有格修飾的名詞若表示店鋪、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明確指出過的事物時經常被省略。Imethimatthedoctor’s.我在醫(yī)生那里見過他。5．動詞不定式的省略(1)為避免重復，常省略上文已提到的動詞原形，只保留不定式符號to。這類動詞(短語)有：expect,forget,hope,intend,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish,wouldlike,like和love等。Sheaskedmetodancewithher,butIdidn’twantto.她要我和她跳舞，但是我不想跳?！猈illyougowithme？——你愿意和我去嗎？—Well,I’dliketo.——嗯，我愿意。(2)在haveto,need,oughtto,begoingto,usedto等后省略動詞。Ireallydidn’twanttogotherewithhim,butIhadto.我確實不想和他去那兒，可是我不得不去。(3)在某些形容詞delighted,glad,happy,pleased等后面時省略to后面的動詞?！猈illyoujoininourdiscussion?——你愿意加入我們的討論嗎？—I’llbegladto.——我愿意。(4)若不定式中帶有be,have等時，通常保留它們。—Areyouateacher？——你是一位老師嗎？—No,butIusedtobe.——不是，但我過去是。二、并列句中的省略1．在并列句中的后面的分句中與前面相同的部分常被省略。Shewaspoorbuthonest.她貧窮但是誠實。2．有時并列句的省略部分出現(xiàn)在前面的分句中，看完最后一個分句才能掌握全句的完整意義。MarycanandoughttospeakEnglish.瑪麗會也應該說英語。Bobworks,andPeterlivesinLondon.鮑勃(在倫敦)工作，彼得住在倫敦。三、復合句中的省略1．主句的省略(1)主句的省略多見于句首，多用于口語中。Pityyoucouldn’te.可惜你不能來。(2)在對話中，答句省去整個主句，只用從句。—ShallIgotoplay？——我可以去玩嗎？—Ifyoulike.——如果你想來的話(就來玩吧)。2．賓語從句中的省略在以I’mafraid,Ithink,Ibelieve,Ihope,Iguess,Iexpect,Isuppose,Iimagine等開頭的答句中，后面接so與not,用于代替名詞性從句，以避免重復前面所說的內容。—Doyoubelieveourteamwillwin?——你相信我們隊會贏嗎？—Iguessso./Iguessnot./Idon’tguessso.——我想會。/我想不會?！猈illwebelate？——我們會晚嗎？—I’mafraidso/not.——恐怕是這樣/不會?！狣oyouthinkitwillrain？——你認為會下雨嗎？—Ihopeso/not.——我希望如此/不要。Ihopeso.的否定式只能用Ihopenot.不可用Idon’thopeso.。3．狀語從句中的省略(1)在某些狀語從句中，如果從句的主語是it,其后的be動詞及其主語可一起省略。這種結構通常為：if(itis)possible,when(itis)necessary等。Pleasetrytofinishyourhomeworkbyyourselfifpossible.如有可能請盡量自己完成你的家庭作業(yè)。We’llhavetheoldhousepulleddownwhennecessary.當有必要的時候我們將拆除這所舊房子。(2)在虛擬語氣結構中，當謂語含有were,had,should等時，連詞if可省略，但were,had和should需要放在句首。WereIyou,Iwoulddomoreexercise.如果我是你，我就做更多的運動。(3)以as,than引導的比較狀語從句可以全部或部分省略。Hegotupearlyasusual.他像往常那樣起得早。Hestudiesashardasyou.他學習和你一樣努力。eq\a\vs4\al()對接高考____________(have)thegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogether，AIDS-relateddeathswouldnothavefallensincetheirhighestin2005.如果政府和科學家不共同努力，與艾滋病相關的死亡就不會從2005年的最高點下降。Had解析：這是一個省略了從屬連詞if的虛擬語氣句，使用了倒裝句式。根據(jù)主句的wouldnothavefallen可知，這里是表示過去的虛擬語氣，所以用had。(4)如果狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致，并且從句的謂語部分有be動詞，則可以將從句中的主語及be動詞一起省略。引導這類狀語從句的連詞有：when,while,though,if和unless。Unlessinvited,Iwillnotgo.除非邀請我去，否則我不去。4．定語從句中的省略在限制性定語從句中可以省略作賓語的關系代詞that,which,whom；在thesame...as和such...as引導的定語從句中，可以省略與主句相同的部分；先行詞是theway,在后面的定語從句中，可以省略that或inwhich。HeisoneofthemenIcantrust.他是我所能信任的人之一。Wewilldothesameworkasthey.我們將做和他們一樣的工作。Idon’tlikethewayyouspeaktoyourmother.我不喜歡你和你媽媽說話的方式。四、慣用的省略結構及固定短語中某些介詞的省略1．How/Whatabout＋名詞/代詞/動名詞？Whataboutsomemoremilk？再來些牛奶怎么樣？Whatabouthim？他怎么樣？Howaboutgoingoutforawalk?出去散散步怎么樣？2．Whynot＋省略to的動詞不定式？Whynotgoatonce？為什么不馬上就走呢？3．固定短語中介詞的省略havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困難bebusy(in)doingsth.忙于做某事eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)句型轉換eq\a\vs4\al(1.)Hewon’tetoJane’spartyunlessheisinvited.→Hewon’tetoJane’sparty________________________．答案：unlessinvitedeq\a\vs4\al(2.)Whentheywerefirstintroducedtothemarket，theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.→____________________________tothemarket，theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.答案：Whenfirstintroducedeq\a\vs4\al(3.)I’mlookingforwardasmuchtoherreturnassheherselfislookingforwardtoseeingme.→I’mlookingforwardasmuchtoherreturnassheherself________________________．答案：toseeingmeeq\a\vs4\al(4.)Whocanyouturntointimeofdanger，ifyoudonotturntous?→Whocanyouturntointimeofdanger,____________？答案：ifnotuseq\a\vs4\al(5.)—Didyouvisitthemuseumlastweek?—No，wecouldhavevisiteditlastweek,butwespenttoomuchtimeshopping.→—Didyouvisitthemuseumlastweek?—No,__________________________，butwespenttoomuchtimeshopping.答案：wecouldhaveeq\a\vs4\al(6.)Shehurriedlylefttheroomasifshewasangry.→Shehurriedlylefttheroom______________________．答案：asifangryeq\a\vs4\al(7.)Ifitispossible，Iwillhelpyouwithyourwork.→______________，Iwillhelpyouwithyourwork.答案：Ifpossibleeq\a\vs4\al(8.)Therewillbeonlyafewknowingit，ifthereareanyknowingit.→Therewillbeonlyafewknowingit,____________．答案：ifanyeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)語法與寫作eq\a\vs4\al(1.)我要去老師辦公室。I’mgoingto________________________．答案：theteacher’seq\a\vs4\al(2.)——你愿意來參加聚會嗎？——愿意?！猈ouldyouliketoetotheparty?—(Yes,)I’d____________．答案：liketo3.eq\a\vs4\al()——她還沒有完成家庭作業(yè)?！蓿緛響撏瓿傻??！猄hehasn’tfinishedherhomework.—Well,she________________．答案：oughttohaveeq\a\vs4\al(4.)她不能來，但是我想知道為什么。Shecan’te,butIwonder____________．答案：whyeq\a\vs4\al(5.)橫穿大街的時候要小心汽車。Lookoutforcars____________________thestreet.答案：whencrossingeq\a\vs4\al(6.)我比他更愛你。Iloveyoubetterthan____________．答案：heeq\a\vs4\al(7.)你和我一樣恨他。Youhatehim____________________．答案：asmuchasIeq\a\vs4\al(8.)除了在那兒坐著他們什么事情也沒干。Theydidnothing____________there.答案：butsiteq\a\vs4\al(9.)我們所能做的就是等待。Allwecandonowis____________．答案：(to)waiteq\a\vs4\al(10.)如果有必要，我會借給你一個。I’lllendyouone__________________．答案：ifnecessary如何介紹人物eq\a\vs4\al()文體感知1．人物介紹包括他人介紹和自我介紹。本單元的寫作項目是介紹人物生平事跡，要用第三人稱來寫。2．介紹人物生平的文章時態(tài)一般使用過去的時態(tài)，如：Heworkedinthefactoryforonlyeightmonths.(他在那個工廠僅僅工作了八個月。)ShegotadoctordegreethreeyearsagoinAmerica.(三年前她在美國取得了博士學位。)3．(1)介紹人物生平事跡的文章要注意句式豐富多變，整合與把握不同類型的句子，盡量避免簡單羅列句子。我們可以在簡單句的基礎上進行整合擴充。如：Sheisashygirl.(她是一位害羞的女孩。)HernameisMary.(她的名字叫瑪麗。)ShestudiesinNo.3MiddleSchool.(她在第三學習。)這三個句子都是簡單句，如果在文章中只是簡單地羅列出來，會給人啰嗦拖沓的感覺，我們可以對句子進行整合，如：SheisashygirlnamedMary,studyinginNo.3MiddleSchool.(她是一位害羞的女孩，名叫瑪麗，在第三學習。)(2)有時為了句式連貫合理，我們也可以把一些簡單句通過加連接詞的方式進行合并整合，如：Sheworkedveryhardinthefactory.Shecouldbeeoneofthemajorleaders.→Sheworkedsohardinthefactorythatshecouldbeeoneofthemajorleaders.(她在這家工廠里工作如此努力，以至于她能成為主要領導之一。)(3)為了句式豐富多變，不給人枯燥乏味的感覺，我們可以多使用一些含有各種從句的復合句。如Hewrotesomesciencefictionnovelsinhisthirties,whichmadehimfamousintheworld.(在三十幾歲時，他寫了幾本科幻小說，這讓他聞名全世界。)(4)另外，英文人物介紹一般要求能用簡潔明了的英語把介紹的情況按邏輯順序一一講明即可，最常采用的是按時間順序和空間順序，有時也會采用倒敘或者插敘的方法進行。eq\a\vs4\al()寫作要求請根據(jù)下面的提示，寫一篇介紹美國著名游泳運動員邁克爾·菲爾普斯的英語短文。姓名：MichaelPhelps出生地：Maryland,theU．S．A．出生年份：1985簡歷：5歲開始游泳，從小就熱愛游泳；15歲入選為美國奧運游泳隊最年輕的選手；2001年，打破200米蝶泳世界紀錄；2008年北京奧運會，勇奪8金，6次破世界紀錄，被載入史冊。2012年8月6日宣布退役，后又復出。截至2016年里約奧運會，菲爾普斯共獲得23塊奧運金牌。成績：多次打破世界紀錄，成為當今泳壇最出色的全能型游泳選手之一。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：蝶泳butterflystrokeeq\a\vs4\al()審題謀篇項目結論體裁記敘文話題介紹人物時態(tài)以一般過去時為主人稱第三人稱eq\a\vs4\al()詞句推敲1．詞匯①打破世界紀錄________________②金牌________________③被認為是________________答案：①breaktheworldrecord②goldmedal③beconsidered(tobe)2．句式①MichaelPhelps于1985年出生于Maryland,theU．S.A．,5歲開始游泳，從小就熱愛游泳。一般表達：MichaelPhelpswasborninMaryland,theU．S.A．in1985andhebeganswimmingattheageoffiveandhelikesswimmingverymuch.(用非謂語動詞改寫句子)高級表達：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________②2008年北京奧運會，他勇奪8金，6次破世界紀錄，被載入史冊。一般表達：Inthe2008BeijingOlympicGames,hebrokesixworldrecordsandwoneightgoldmedals.Bothofthemhavegonedowninhistory.(用定語從句合并句子)高級表達：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：①BorninMaryland,theU．S.A．in1985,MichaelPhelpshashadastrongpassionforswimmingsincehetookitupattheageoffive.②Inthe2008BeijingOlympicGames,hebrokesixworldrecordsandwoneightgoldmedals,bothofwhichhavegonedowninhistory.eq\a\vs4\al()妙筆成篇________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：BorninMaryland,theU．S.A．in1985,MichaelPhelpshashadastrongpassionforswimmingsincehetookitupattheageoffive.Whenhewas15,hebecametheyoungestAmericanOlympicswimmerofalltime.In2001,hebroketheworldrecordinthe200-meterbutterflystroke.Inthe2008BeijingOlympicGames,hebrokesixworldrecordsandwoneightgoldmedals,bothofwhichhavegonedowninhistory.OnAugust6,2012,heannouncedhisretirementfromswimming,laterhecameback.Duringthe32thOlympics,hewon23goldmedals.Hehasbrokenmanyworldrecordsandisconsideredoneofthemostoutstandingall-roundswimmersintheworldswimmingcircles.A卷eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．When____________(cross)theroad，you’dbetterlookatbothsides.答案：crossing2．Thelittlegirlbegantocrywhen____________(ask)bythepolice.答案：asked3．____________(have)Ihadtime，Iwouldhavegoneshoppingwithyou.答案：Had4．____________(be)shehere,shewouldagreewithus.答案：Were5．Bobhasdonehishomework，butTom____________(nothave)．答案：hasn’t6．That’swhyIhelpbrightenpeople’sdays.Ifyou____________(notdo),who’stosaythatanotherpersonwill?答案：don’t7．—Iwillbeawayonabusinesstrip.Couldyoumindlookingaftermycat?—Notatall.Iwouldbehappy____________．答案：to8．Once____________(catch)stealinginasupermarket,youwillbepunished.答案：caught9．—Youlookhappytoday,Mary.—IlikemynewdressandMother____________(do),too.答案：does10．—Howareyougettingonwithyourwork?—Oh,I’msorry.Thingsaren’tgoingsowellas____________(plan)．答案：plannedeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)閱讀理解ThehitmovieNottingHill(《諾丁山》)beginswithafamousscene.HughGrantbumpsintoJuliaRobertsandspillsorangejuicealloverher.Afterthecollision,Grantrepeatedlysays，“I’msosorry.I’msosorry.”HisactionsinthissceneareveryBritish.IfRobertswerefromBritain,thenshewouldprobablyapologizerepeatedlyaswell—evenifthecrashwerenotherfault.Butthisdoesn’thappeninthemovie,asRobertsisfromtheU．S．AreportinTheTelegraphoncesaidthatthreequartersofBritishpeopleapologizewhentheybumpintosomeoneinthestreet—regardlessofwhethertheyareresponsibleornot.Infact,Britonsuse“sorry”inmanysituations.Forexample,iftheymishearsomeone,theysay“Sorry？”Thepersontheyaretalkingtowillalsoapologizebyreplying，“No,Iamsorry！”Thiscangoonforuptofiveminutesastheypeteforwhoisthemostsorry.WhyareBritonssosorry?MarkTyrrell,apsychologywriterintheU．K.,thinksthattheirapologetictendenciesarerootedintheBritishclasssystem.“WesaysorrybecausehistoricallythenewmiddleclassinBritainhadtoapologizefornotbeingtheworkingclass,butalsofornotreallybeingtheupperclass.”Anothertheoryisthattheyapologizetoavoidconflicts.Forexample,iftheybumpintosomeone,hemightgetangry.Toavoidthis,theyinstantlysay“Sorry！”Truemannersareaboutbeingconsiderate,andtoday’sconstantuseofapologizingshowsthatweareperhapsnotasthoughtfulasweoncewere.Theword“sorry”haslostsomeofitsmeaning.Doyouseemypoint?Sorry,itmightjustbeaBritishthing.【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了英國人的道歉文化及其原因：一是因為歷史上英國的新中產階級；二是為了避免沖突。1．WhydoestheauthormentionasceneinthemovieNottingHillatthebeginning?A．TogiveanexampleofBritishmodesty.B．Tointroducedifferentwaysofsayingsorry.C．ToshowwhatkindofmenareconsideredgentlemenintheU．K．D．TodrawourattentiontowhenandhowBritishpeoplesaysorry.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的描述可知，文章開頭用電影舉例，描述了英國人道歉的場景，引出文章的主題——英國的道歉文化。2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsmightMarkTyrrellagreewith?A．Peopleshouldnotapologizeiftheyarenotresponsible.B．AmericanscarelessaboutmannersthanBritishpeopledo.C．ThatBritishpeopleapologizesomuchislinkedtotheclasssystem.D．Britishpeoplecaretoomuchaboutwhichsocialclasstheyarefrom.C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“MarkTyrrell...thinksthattheirapologetictendenciesarerootedintheBritishclasssystem.”可知，MarkTyrrell認為英國人的道歉根源是其階級制度。由此可推斷，C項正確。3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．It’sunnecessaryforBritishpeopletobesopolite.B．TheoveruseofapologizingshowsBritonsaretrulysincere.C．Peopleshouldnotsticktothetraditionaluseoftheword“sorry”．D．Using“sorry”moredoesn’tnecessarilymeanpeoplearemorepolite.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的內容以及最后一段中的“today’sconstantuseofapologizingshowsthatweareperhapsnotasthoughtfulasweoncewere”可知，英國人道歉或是與他們的階級制度有關，或是為了避免沖突，今天的多次道歉也并不意味著人們更有禮貌。4．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Toexplorethebestwayofsayingsorry.B．ToexplainwhyBritonsoverusetheword“sorry”．C．Toshowhowsayingsorryhaschangedovertime.D．TosuggestmanyBritishpeoplelacktraditionalmanners.B解析：寫作意圖題。根據(jù)全文內容可知，本文由電影場景引入主題，介紹了英國的道歉文化，并介紹了英國人道歉的原因及今天道歉的意義，主要目的是介紹英國人過量使用“sorry”這個詞的原因。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完形填空“Paulmusthavebeentryingtocarryhiswastepapertothegarbagecananddroppedafewpieces.”I1，pickingthemup.2laterIfoundmorepieces.Noquietsighingthistime.I3，“Whoisthrowinggarbage？”Noanswer.Instead,Isawmorebitsofpapersilentlyfloating4fromupstairs.Lookingup,Isawmyseven-year-oldson,Paul.“Stopmakingamess.”“It’snotamess.They’re5．”“Sorry,whatdidyousay？”Ihadn’theardhimclearly.Hedidn’tanswerme.Paulhasautism(自閉癥)and6answersaquestion,especiallywhenhe’s7attentivelyonsomethingelse.Herandownthestairs.“Wherearemyotherbutterflies？”heasked,8around.EverytimePaul9fiveormorewordstogether,myheartsaysa10ofthanks.Butlatelyheseemsto11thatthebenefitsofformingpletesentenceswhenmunicatingare12oftheeffort.Butterflies.Ofcourse.Irushedto13themfromthegarbage,14themoffandhandedthemtomyyoungartist.“Wanttoseethem15again？”heaskedwithashysmile.“Ohyes!They’rebeautiful.”Iwhispered.Heranbackupstairstofloathis16downagain.Theyreallydidlooklikebeautifulbutterflies.ThatdayPaul17metolookupat18insteadofdownatgarbage.HowmanyothermasterpiecesdoImissbecauseI’mtoocaughtupinmy19totaketimetoappreciatewhat’srightinfrontofme?Lifeisnotwhathappenstous.It’s20welookatit.Now,Ilookup.1．A．laughed B．sighedC．amazed D．shoutedB解析：laugh“笑”；sigh“嘆了口氣”；amaze“使驚奇”；shout“大喊”。根據(jù)后文的“Noquietsighingthistime.”可知，此處指作者“嘆氣”。句意：我嘆口氣，把掉在地上的幾張廢紙撿起來。故選B項。2．A．Days B．YearsC．Moments D．WeeksC解析：days“數(shù)日”；years“數(shù)年”；moments“片刻”；weeks“數(shù)周”。根據(jù)語境可知一開始只是幾張，作者邊走邊拾，同時發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的廢紙。所以時間應該很短。故選C項。3．A．calledout B．turnedupC．gotin D．addedtoA解析：callout“大聲叫喊”；turnup“出現(xiàn)”；getin“進入”；addto“添加到”。前面說不再靜靜地嘆息，所以這里應該是大聲喊：是誰在扔垃圾？故選A項。4．A．up B．downC．away D．offB解析：up“向上”；down“向下”；away“離開”；off“切斷，走開”。根據(jù)后面“fromupstairs”可知，紙是從樓上飄下來的。下文有“Heranbackupstairstofloathis______downagain.”的提示。故選B項。5．A．planes B．papersC．leaves D．butterfliesD解析：plane“飛機”；paper“紙”；leaf“樹葉”；butterfly“蝴蝶”。根據(jù)下文的“Wherearemyotherbutterflies？”可知，作者七歲的兒子認為是蝴蝶。故選D項。6．A．rarely B．frequentlyC．willingly D．eagerlyA解析：rarely“很少地”；frequently“經常地”；willingly“愿意”；eagerly“渴望地”。根據(jù)上文可知作者的兒子有自閉癥，沒有回答作者的問題，所以他很少回答問題。故選A項。7．A．devoted B．dependedC．focused D．addictedC解析：devote“獻身于”，跟to搭配；depend“依靠”，與on連用；focus“專注”，與on連用；addict“上癮”，與to連用。句意：尤其當Paul專注于別的事情時，他就很少回答問題。故選C項。8．A．showing B．lookingC．playing D．drawingB解析：show...around“領……四處參觀”；lookaround“環(huán)顧四周”；playaround“玩耍，鬼混”；drawaround“圍在四周”。他一邊問一邊四處看。故選B項。9．A．spells B．putsC．pushes D．accumulatesB解析：spell“拼寫”；put“放”；push“推”；accumulate“積累”。每當患有自閉癥的兒子Paul把5個以上的詞放在一起時，“我”很激動。故選B項。10．A．sound B．remarkC．report D．prayerD解析：sound“聲音”；remark“注意，評論”；report“報告”；prayer“祈禱”。孩子能說更多的話，“我”就會發(fā)出感謝的祈禱。故選D項。11．A．refuse B．hearC．mind D．realizeD解析：refuse“拒絕”；hear“聽到”；mind“在意”；realize“認識到”。最近他似乎認識到交流時說完整的句子的好處，所以問出了他的問題：Wherearemyotherbutterflies？故選D項。12．A．worthy B．awareC．fond D．typicalA解析：worthy“值得”；aware“知道”；fond“喜歡”；typical“典型的”。句意：意識到交流時說完整的話有益處，值得努力。故選A項。13．A．hide B．destroyC．rescue D．removeC解析：hide“躲藏”；destroy“毀壞”；rescue“拯救”；remove“移動”?！拔摇迸苓^去把它們從垃圾堆里救出來。故選C項。14．A．tore B．dustedC．cut D．seizedB解析：tear“撕開”；dust“除去灰塵”；cut“切”；seize“抓住”。垃圾里應該很臟，所以應該是去掉灰塵。故選B項。15．A．throw B．flowC．land D．flyD解析：throw“扔”；flow“流動”；land“著陸”；fly“飛”。從后面可知這里Paul在問：還想看它們飛嗎？故選D項。16．A．masterpieces B．schoolworkC．inventions D．imaginationA解析：masterpiece“杰作”；schoolwork“功課”；invention“發(fā)明”；imagination“想象”。既然說很漂亮，所以應該是跑回去再讓它們從樓上飄下來。這里媽媽認為是兒子的杰作。故選A項。17．A．reminded B．forcedC．intended D．permittedA解析：remind“提醒”；force“強迫”；intend“打算”；permit“準許”。根據(jù)孩子的提醒“我”看到，飄著的紙的確看起來像美麗的蝴蝶。那一天，Paul提醒了“我”抬頭看美的東西而不是低頭看垃圾。故選A項。18．A．mistakes B．weaknessesC．beauty D．sceneryC解析：mistake“錯誤”；weakness“弱點”；beauty“美”；scenery“風景”。“我”抬起頭看到了美。后面的“insteadofdownatgarbage”和前面對比，故選C項。19．A．amusement B．houseworkC．munication D．homeworkB解析：amusement“娛樂”；housework“家務”；munication“交流”；homework“作業(yè)”。“我”太忙于家務活而沒有時間去欣賞眼前的東西。根據(jù)前面的敘述說“我”拾起地上的廢紙可知，“我”總是做家務活讓家干凈而沒有考慮其他。故選B項。20．A．when B．whetherC．where D．howD解析：when“當……的時候”；whether“是否”；where“哪里”；how“如何”。生活不是我們發(fā)生了什么，而是我們如何看待它。故選D項。B卷eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解APollution’sseriouseffectsontheenvironmenthavebeemoreobviousinrecentyears.Mostscientistsagreethateffortsarenecessarytoprotectourenvironmentfromfurtherharm.Asweknow，theconstructionindustryconsumesalargequantityofenergyandresourcesandcreatesahugeamountofpollution.Sogreenbuildingsareingreatneed.Theenvironmentalbenefitsofgreenbuildingsincludetheprotectionofecosystemsandbiodiversity(生物多樣性)，improvedairandwaterquality，lesswasteflowingintostreamsandtheprotectionofnaturalresources.Greenbuildingscanalsoresultinloweroperatingcostsbecausetheytypicallyuselessenergyandfewermaterialsandimproveindoorairquality，improvingthehealthofpeoplewholivethere.Theprocessofbuildinggreenhousesincludestechnicalandartisticplanningwithnatureprotectioninmind.Buildingdesignsoftenreflectthesurroundingenvironmentandnaturalresourcesanduserenewablebuildingmaterialssuchasbambooandstraw.Inaddition，recycledresourcesfoundlocallyareusedforgreenbuildings，reducingthecostandairpollutionassociatedwithtransportingmaterialslongdistances.Carefulsiteselectionisimportanttominimize(使減少到最低限度)humaneffectsonthesurroundingenvironment.Forexample，placingastructureinanareathatallowsittotakeadvantageofcoolbreezes(微風)andsunlightcanreduceenergyuseandexpenses.Moreenergyandexpensesareneededforlargerbuildingsaswell，soitisimportanttobuildthesmallones.Greenroofsareanotherfeatureofgreenhousesthatreduceenergyuseandcosts.Theseroofsarepartiallyorpletelycoveredwithplants，whichhelpstokeepheatingandcoolingcostslow，preventwaterrunningoffanddealwithpollutants.Otherfeaturesofgreenbuildingsoftenincludeenergyandwaterprotection，recyclingandwastereduction.Inaddition，renewableenergysourcessuchassolarpower，waterpowerandwindpowerareusedforheatandelectricity，whichgreatlyreducescostsanddecreasestheinfluenceontheenvironment.【解題導語】本文主要介紹了綠色建筑的優(yōu)勢和特色。1．Whatcanweknowaboutgreenbuildings?A．Producingnowaste.B．Onlyusingcleanenergy.C．Beingmadeofnewmaterials.D．Beingenvironmentfriendly.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)對全文的整體理解特別是第三段的內容可推知，綠色建筑整體上是環(huán)保的，故選D。2．Whatisagreenbuildingprobablylikeaccordingtothefifthparagraph?A．Large. B．Small.C．Green. D．Low.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Moreenergyandexpensesareneededforlargerbuildingsaswell，soitisimportanttobuildthesmallones.”可推知，綠色建筑應該傾向于小型建筑，而非高樓大廈，故選B。3．Whatisthepurposeofusinggreenroofs?A．Tofittheenvironment.B．Tokeepwarm.C．Tocollectnaturewater.D．Toreducecosts.D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Greenroofsareanotherfeatureofgreenhousesthatreduceenergyuseandcosts.”可知，綠色屋頂可以降低能源使用和成本，故選D。4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Promotingenergyefficiency.B．Environmentalbenefits.C．Greenbuildings.D．Ecosystemsandbiodiversity.C解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的關鍵詞“greenbuildings”和對全文的整體理解可推知，本文主要講的是綠色建筑，故選C。BI’veneverbeenthekindofpersontosay,“It’sthethoughtthatcounts”whenitestogifts.Thatwasuntilacoupleofweeksago,whenmykidsgavemeapresentthatblew_me_away．Foryearsnow,I’vebeenwantingtosellourhome,theplacewheremyhusbandandIraisedourkids.Buttome,thishouseismuchmorethanjustabuilding.Inthefrontroom,there’sawallthathashundredsofpencillines,markingtheprogressofmychildren’sgrowth.Everygrowthstageismarkedingrey,witheachchild’snameandthedatewhentheyweremeasured.Ofalltheobjectsandallthememories,it’sthisonethinginahomethat’sthehardesttoleavebehind.FriendsIknowhavereturnedhomeafterworkonlytodiscovertheirwallofheightshasbeenfreshlypaintedover.Anewpaintjobwouldn’tnormallybegreetedbytears,buterasingthatevidenceofmotherhoodhurtsmorethanitshould.Ourkidsgrowinsomanyways,butthewallisphysicalevidenceoftheirprogress,rightthereforeveryonetosee.Overtheyears,I’vetalkedabouthowmuchIwouldhateleavingthatwallbehindwhenImoved,eventhoughthelastmarksweremade10yearsagowhenmykidsstoppedgrowing.Sooneday,whileIwasatwork,mychildrendecidedtodosomethingaboutit.TheyhiredJacquieManning,aprofessionalphotographerwhoseworkisaboutcapturing(捕捉)thebeautifulthingsinlife,fromclearlakesandskiestodiamondsandballgowns(晚禮服)．ShecametoourhousewhileIwasatwork,andoverseveralhours,tookphotosofthehundredsofdrawingsandlines,littlegreyfingerprints(指紋),andoldmarks.Somehow,shemanagedtophotographallthoseyearsofmemoriesperfectly.Afterwards,sheputallthephotostogetherintooneimage,transformingthemintoabeautifulhistoryofmyfamily.Threeweekslater,mychildren’swonderfulgiftmadeitswaytome—alife-sizephotoofthepencillinesandfingerprintsthatrepresentsentirelifetimesofloveandgrowth.【解題導語】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了孩子們送給“我”的一件充滿愛意且特別的禮物的事情。5．Theunderlinedphrase“blewmeaway”inParagraph1probablymeans“________”．A．attractedme B．surprisedmeC．acceptedme D．refusedmeB解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的“I’veneverbeenthekindofpersontosay，‘It’sthethoughtthatcounts’...whenmykidsgavemeapresent”及下文的描述可知，“我”以前不相信送禮物的人的心思最重要，但幾個星期前“我”的孩子們送給“我”的禮物讓“我”改變了這樣的想法，所以此處表示使“我”吃驚。6．Whatdoesthehousereallymeantotheauthor?A．Ahouse. B．Abuilding.C．Objects. D．Memories.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Ofalltheobjectsandallthememories，it’sthisonethinginahomethat’sthehardesttoleavebehind.”可知，對作者來說這棟房子意味著回憶。7．Whatsurprisedthefriendstheauthorknowafterwork?A．Findingthewallrepainted.B．Erasingthefingerprints.C．Greetingthembytears.D．Leavingthewallunfinished.A解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“FriendsIknowhavereturnedhomeafterworkonlytodiscovertheirwallofheightshasbeenfreshlypaintedover.”可知，令朋友們吃驚的是房屋的墻面又被重新粉刷了。8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．GiftMadewithLoveB．BuildingsMadebyChildrenC．AVeryWonderfulPaintingD．AFamilyHistoryA解析：標題歸納題。根據(jù)全文內容，尤其是最后一段“Threeweekslater，mychildren’swonderfulgiftmadeitswaytome—alife-sizephotoofthepencillinesandfingerprintsthatrepresentsentirelifetimesofloveandgrowth.”可知，這篇文章主要講述了孩子們送給“我”的一份用愛制成的禮物，故A項作本文標題最佳。CNov.21isWorldHelloDay.Itbeganbackinthe1970saspartofanefforttomaketheworldmorepeaceful.ItwascreatedjustafterthewarbetweenIsraelandEgyptin1973.Thephilosophy(哲學)behinditis：Say“Hello”andstopwar.Itsoundslikeafineidea，butmostofusknowthatsimplysaying“Hello”won’tbringaboutworldpeace.Still，onasmallerrange，thesimpleactofsaying“Hello”tosomeonecanmakealotofdifference.Thismightnotbeobvious.Afterall，it’ssuchacasualthingandrequiressolittleeffort.Youraiseyourheadtosomeoneasyoupassbythemintheschoolcorridor(走廊)，say“Hello”，andthenit’sover.Althoughwemightnotrealizeit，asmallthinglikeagreetingcanmeanalottoaperson.Manypeoplearelonelybecausethey’reshy.Theyfinditdifficulttomunicatewithpeople，eventhoughtheywantto.Itleadstothemfeelingcutoff.Onthisbasis，maybeit’sagoodidea，notjustonNov.21，buteveryday，toremembertosay“Hello”toasmanypeopleaswecan.Thestrangerwhohearsyourgreetingmaysecretlysmileintheirheart.Youmightevenmaketheirday.Greetingotherpeopleistheeasiestwaytobepolite.Politenessisthewayweindividualhumanslinkupwiththerestofthehumanworldoutsideofourcirclesoffamilyandfriends.Politenessisoneoftheaspectsofculturethatmakeusasocietyratherthanjustmanyindividualslivinginthesamespace.NoonesaiditbetterthantheFrenchauthorJosephJoubert：“Politenessistheflowerofhumanity.”A“Hello”toastrangerisasmallthing，andoftenneglected(忽視)，butthroughitwecanmaketheworldbetterforanotherperson.【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了世界問候日的由來及意義的相關信息。9．WhatisWorldHelloDayintendedfor?A．Philosophy. B．Peace.C．Politeness. D．War.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Nov.21isWorldHelloDay.Itbeganbackinthe1970saspartofanefforttomaketheworldmorepeaceful.”可知，世界問候日設立的初衷是為了和平。10．Whathasaneffectonpeoplemost?A．Raisingheadstoothers.B．Doingsomethingcasually.C．Meetingintheschoolcorridor.D．Thesimpleactofsaying“Hello”．D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Still，onasmallerrange，thesimpleactofsaying‘Hello’tosomeonecanmakealotofdifference.”可知，對別人影響最大的是打招呼這種簡單的行為。11．Whydosomepeoplefeellonely?A．Theyareunwillingtomunicatewithothers.B．Theyaretooshytomunicatewithothers.C．Theyareveryfondoflivingalone.D．Theydon’tlikedoingthingsasothersdo.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Manypeoplearelonelybecausethey’reshy...cutoff.”可知，一些人感到孤獨的原因是他們太害羞了，不敢和別人交流。12．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Weshouldneglectasmallthing.B．Saying“Hello”toothersispowerful.C．Theflowersmaketheworldbetter.D．NooneisbetterthanJosephJoubert.B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“A‘Hello’toastrangerisasmallthing，andoftenneglected(忽視)，butthroughitwecanmaketheworldbetterforanotherperson.”可知，向別人打招呼是有影響力的。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)語法填空Atfifteenyearsold,Iwasaconfidentgirl.Oneday，whenIwastryingtogetthebottled(瓶裝的)gastowork,1.____________fireexplodedinmyface.Isufferedtheconsequencesofmy2.____________(careless).Itwasmyneighborswhocametorescue,3.____________(help)toputoffthe