Unit1ScienceandScientists

ReadingandThinking

JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”重點(diǎn)詞匯

1.choleran.

2.diarrhoean.

3.dehydrationn.

4.contradictoryadj.

5.germn.

6.pumpn.

7.householdn.

8.rawadj.

9.pureadj.

10.statisticn.[pl.]

11.epidemiologyn.

12.

adj.極為惡劣的;十分嚴(yán)重的;嚴(yán)厲的

13.

adj.懊惱的;沮喪的;失意的

14.

vt.使感染;傳染→

n.感染;傳染

15.

vt.認(rèn)購(股份);定期訂購;定期交納(會(huì)費(fèi))

霍亂

腹瀉脫水相互矛盾的;對(duì)立的;不一致的微生物;細(xì)菌;病菌泵;抽水機(jī);打氣筒一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人未煮的;生的;未經(jīng)處理的;原始的干凈的;純的;純粹的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字;統(tǒng)計(jì)資料;統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)流行病學(xué)severefrustrated

infectinfectionsubscribe

課前誦背，掃清障礙16.

n.證據(jù);證明;檢驗(yàn)

17.

adj.數(shù)量多的;多種多樣的

18.

vt.&vi.懷疑;疑有;不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑對(duì)象

19.

vt.把……歸咎于;責(zé)怪;指責(zé)n.責(zé)備;指責(zé)、20.

n.把手;拉手;柄vt.處理;搬動(dòng);操縱(車輛、動(dòng)物、工具等)

21.

n.介入;出面;干涉

22.

n.聯(lián)系;紐帶vt.把……連接起來;相關(guān)聯(lián)

23.

adj.大量的;價(jià)值巨大的;重大的

24.

n.減少;降低;減少量vt.&vi.(使大小、數(shù)量等)減少;減小;降低

25.

vt.使改觀;使改變形態(tài)vi.改變;轉(zhuǎn)變

26.

n.顯微鏡

proofmultiplesuspectblamehandleinterventionlinksubstantial

decreasetransformmicroscope課前誦背，掃清障礙課前誦背，掃清障礙1.最令人害怕的疾病之一2.一場(chǎng)爆發(fā)襲擊了歐洲3.死于…4.變得沮喪5.晉升為一名出名的醫(yī)生6.照顧，照料7.生子8.渴望摧毀霍亂9.徹底地10.細(xì)菌感染11.同意；贊同12.在兩條特別的街上13.需要證據(jù)14.下定決心做…1.oneofthemostfeareddiseases2.anoutbreakhitEurope3.diefrom4.becomefrustrated5.risetobecameafamousdoctor6.attendto7.givebirth8.desiretodestroycholera9.onceandforall10.aninfectionfromgerms11.subscribeto12.intwoparticularstreets13.needproof14.bedeterminedto重點(diǎn)短語Focus

onlanguage15.在地圖上標(biāo)記確切的地方16.靠近水泵數(shù)量眾多的死亡17.（對(duì)…）負(fù)有責(zé)任；應(yīng)受責(zé)備18.把……到19.攜帶霍亂細(xì)菌20.把把手移除21.疾病在感染途中被中斷22.其他情況下的23.被未經(jīng)處理的廢棄物感染/污染24.不懈的努力25.見證了巨大的下降26.多虧了；由于27.改變了科學(xué)家研究疾病的方式15.markonamaptheexactplaces16.multipledeathsnearthewaterpump17.betoblame18.haditdelivered19.carrycholeragerm20.hadthehandleremoved21.thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks22.othercasesof23.beinfected/pollutedbyrawwaste24.tirelessefforts25.sawasubstantialdecrease26.thanksto27.transformthewayscientistsstudydiseasesPost-reading“Toraisenewquestions,newpossibilities,toregardoldproblemsfromanewangle,requirescreativeimaginationandmarksrealadvanceinscience.”-

AlbertEinstein”“提出新的問題，發(fā)現(xiàn)新的問題，從新的角度審視已存在的問題，這些需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造性的想象力，并標(biāo)志著科學(xué)的真正進(jìn)步?！?阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦”Leadin

Areyoufamiliarwiththesesituations?MaskupGetvaccinatedSelf-isolationPositivemeasuresaretakentofightagainstCovid-19.④Besidescoronavirus,whatotherkindsofepidemics（流行?。ヾoyoukonw?bird-flu（禽流感）malaria[m??leri?]（瘧疾）plague[ple?ɡ]（鼠疫）Ebola[??b??l?](埃博拉)①②③WhoHelpedDefeatMalaria?/?k?l?r?/choleran.霍亂diarrhoea/?da???r??/n.腹瀉dehydration/?di?ha??dre??n/n.脫水infection/?n?fek??n/n.感染;傳染waterpump水泵Itbeginsinthestomachandaseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatetreatment.ReadingJohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”PredictionJohnSnow

Defeats“KingCholera”Who?How?What?Accordingtothetitle,thestoryisgoingtotellusinformationabout...Thetextismainlyabout____________and_______hedefeatedkingcholera.howJohnSnowscientificresearch?Activity1:ReadthewholetextquicklyandmatchthemainideaPara.1Para.2Para.4Para.5JohnSnowdesiredtodestroycholera.JohnSnowdecidedtoprovethesecondtheory.Snowbeganhisstudybymarkingonthemap.Truthoftheinfectionofcholera.Snow'scontributions.Para.3Fastreading

DrawaconclusionCollectdataAskaquestion

Findaproblem

Analyzetheresults

Findsupportingevidence

ThinkofamethodStagesofScientificResearchDoyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch?Howmanystagesareneededtosetoutascientificresearch?CarefulReadingPara.1Research

background2.Whywasthediseasecalled“”KingCholera?Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.expert/experienced/knowledgeabledeadlyuncontrollable“King”1.WhoisJohnSnow?Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.1.Whatarethetwotheories?WhichtheorydidJohnSnowthinkwasreasonable?2.WhatdidJohnSnowinvestigatewhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854?Para.2Findaproblem→AskaquestionWhatdoestheredstarsstandfor?multipledeathshappenedhere.Whatdoesthegreenstarsstandfor?Nodeathhappenedhere.Why?CLUE:freebeerfrompublichouseSuspectthatthewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.Butheneededproofs!1.WhatmethoddidSnowuse?2.Whatdidhefindonthemap?Whatdidhedotodealwithit?AmapofBroadStreetPara.3Para.3Analyzetheresults→Findsupportingevidence Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9Cambridge8Street)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.…multipleHowevernodeathsthewaterpumpwastoblamePara.3Drawaconclusion Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.announcePumpwatercarriedthecholeragerms.Remove

thehandleofthepumpThediseasewasstoppedSnowhadthe_______ofthepumpremoved.EItwasbelievedthatcholerawascausedby_______orgermsin_____________.ASnow_________________theplaceswherepeoplewho_____hadlived.BbadairfoodorwatermarkedondiedThepumpwatercarried____________.DcholeragermshandleamapManydeathsoccurrednearthe__________inBroadStreet.Somepeople_______drunkthewaterfromthepump,andlived.AwomanandherdaughterdiedinanotherpartofLondonafter____________

______________.CwaterpumphadnotfromthepumpdrinkingwaterReadfromPara.2-3againandcompletethechartbelow.conclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesconclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesWhywasJohnSnowcalledthefatherofmodernepidemiology(流行病學(xué)）?ReadPara.4-5andcompletethefollowingtasks.1.WhatdidSnowfindlater?SnowprovedthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeenaffectedbywaste.Moreover,Snowshowtherewasalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwa