povertypoverty貧窮-英語課presentation用poverty貧窮-英語課presentation用poverty貧窮-英語課presentation用poverty貧窮-英語課presentation用1.definition2.problems3.solutions1.Thedefinitionofpoverty1.1Absolutepoverty1.2relativepoverty1.3Thesociologyofpoverty2.1healthproblem2.2education2.3housing2.4violence3.povertyreductionstrategiespoverty貧窮-英語課presentation用1.Thedefinitionofpoverty——thestateofonewholacksausualorsociallyacceptableamountofmoneyormaterialpossessions——povertyistheofgettingchoicesandopportunities,aviolationofhumandignity.Itmeanslackofbasiccapacitytoparticipateeffectivelyinsociety.Itmeansnothavingenoughtofeedandclotheafamily,nothavingaschoolorclinictogoto,nothavingthelandonwhichtogrowone’sfoodorajobtoearnone’sliving,nothavingaccesstocredit.Itmeansinsecurity,powerlessnessandexclusionofindividuals,householdsandcommunities.Itmeanssusceptibilitytoviolence,anditoftenimplieslivinginfragileenvironments,withoutaccesstocleanwaterorsanitation.poverty貧窮-英語課presentation用1.1AbsolutepovertyAbsolutepovertyreferstothedeprivationofbasichumanneeds,whichcommonlyincludesfood,water,sanitation（環(huán)境衛(wèi)生）,clothing,shelter,healthcareandeducation.poverty貧窮-英語課presentation用standard：thedollaradaypovertylineextremepoverty:liveonlessthan$1.25perdaymoderatepoverty:lessthan$2or$5aday(Eachnationhasitsownpovertyline.)WorldBankdatashowsthatthepercentageofthepopulationlivinginhouseholdswithconsumption（消費(fèi)）orincomeperpersonbelowthepovertylinehasdecreasedineachregionoftheworldsince19901.1Absolutepovertypoverty貧窮-英語課presentation用1.1Absolutepovertypoverty貧窮-英語課presentation用Relativepovertyviewspovertyassociallydefinedanddependentonsocialcontext,hencerelativepovertyisameasureofincomeinequality.Usually,relativepovertyismeasuredasthepercentageofpopulationwithincomelessthansomefixedproportionofmedian（中值）income.individualscanbesaidtobeinpovertywhentheylacktheresourcestoobtainthetypesofdiet,participateintheactivitiesandhavethelivingconditionswhicharecustomary,orareatleastwidelyencouragedorapproved,inthesocietiestowhichtheybelong——PeterTownsend1.2relativepovertypoverty貧窮-英語課presentation用1.3Thesociologyofpovertyfocus：nature,causes,consequencesofpovertywhypovertyvariesacrosscountries,acrossurbanandruralplaces,andovertime.whysomeindividualsarepoor,scrutinizingthecharacteristicsthatdifferentiatethepoorfromnonpoorpovertyistheresultofthestructuresandinstitutionsofsociety,poverty貧窮-英語課presentation用2.problemshealtheducationhousingviolence……poverty貧窮-英語課presentation用2.1healthproblemOnethirdofdeathsintheworldareduetopoverty-relatedcausesstarvationmalnutritionInfectiousdiseasehavedisability↓lowerlifeexpectancyASomaliboyreceivingtreatmentformalnutritionatahealthfacility.poverty貧窮-英語課presentation用2.2educationeducationalsystemunsafeenvironmentlowresourcesharmfulfamilyspendinghabitshomeactivities,preferences,mannerisms(舉止習(xí)慣)illnessesPosterofProjecthopepoverty貧窮-英語課presentation用2.3housingPovertyincreasestheriskofhomelessnessSlum-dwellers(貧民窟居民)streetchildrenpoverty貧窮-英語課presentation用2.4violencehumantraffickingprostitution(賣淫)Inonesurvey,67%ofchildrenfromdisadvantagedinnercitiessaidtheyhadwitnessedaseriousassault（襲擊）,and33%reportedwitnessingahomicide(殺人).51%offifthgradersfromNewOrleans(medianincomeforahousehold:$27,133)havebeenfoundtobevictimsofviolence,comparedto32%inWashington,DC(meanincomeforahousehold:$40,127)poverty貧窮-英語課presentation用3.povertyreductionstrategiescategorizedbasedon:whethertheymakemoreofthebasichumanneedsavailablewhethertheyincreasethedisposableincomeneededtopurchasethoseneeds.Somestrategiescanbothbringaccesstovariousbasicneeds,poverty貧窮-英語課presentation用3.povertyreductionstrategiesIncreasingthesupplyofbasicneedsFoodandothergoodsAgriculturaltechnologiesindustrialproductionHealthcareandeducationHealthcaresystem

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