單元整合提升Ⅰ.重點單詞1．enthusiasmn．熱情；熱忱→enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的→enthusiasticallyadv.熱情地①對(做)某事感興趣，對(做)某事熱心be/becomeenthusiasticabout(doing)sth.②熱心的支持者anenthusiasticsupporter③熱烈歡迎anenthusiasticwelcome④(非常)熱情地with(great)enthusiasm⑤充滿熱情fullofenthusiasm⑥Simonisenthusiasticaboutscience(熱心于科學)anddreamsofbecomingascientistallthetime.2．aboardadv.&prep.上(船、飛機、公共汽車等)①上船/飛機/火車/公共汽車goaboard②在飛機/船上aboardtheplane/ship③歡迎乘坐！Welcomeaboard?、苷埓蠹疑洗?火車/公共汽車！Allaboard?、莩鰢鴊oabroad⑥國內外athomeandabroad3．assignvt.分派；布置；分配→assignmentn．(分派的)工作，任務①給某人分派某任務assignsth.tosb./assignsb.sth.②指派某人擔任某工作/職務assignsb.to/assth.③她已被派去擔任新職務了。Shehasbeenassignedtoanewjob.④Neverwillthejournalistforgethisfirstassignment(assign)attheofficeofapopularEnglishnewspaper.4．envyn．&vt.羨慕；妒忌①某人羨慕/妒忌的對象theenvyofsb.②出于嫉妒outofenvy③羨慕，妒忌withenvy④羨慕某人某事envysb.sth.⑤因……羨慕某人envysb.forsth.5．sinkvi.(sankorsunk，sunk)沉沒；下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉沒①沉到……的底部sinktothebottomof②落到……后面sinkbehind③落日thesinkingsun④(一屁股)坐在椅子上sinkintoachair⑤沉落sinkdown⑥陷入貧困中sinkintopoverty6．abandonvt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄→abandonedadj.被遺棄的，被拋棄的①放棄做某事abandondoingsth.②沉溺于……abandononeselfto...③Thegamehadtobeabandoned(abandon)duetobadweather.④Heownedafarm,whichlookedalmostabandoned(abandon)．⑤Somemiddleschoolstudentsabandonthemselvestocomputers(沉溺于電腦)，whichmakestheirparentsworried.7．resolvevi.&vt.決定；決心；解決(問題或困難)n．決心；堅定的信念→resolutionn．決議；解決；堅定①通過一項決議pass/adopt/carryaresolution②決心做某事makearesolutiontodosth.③新年計劃NewYear'sresolutions④他決定不告訴她真相。Heresolvednottotellherthetruth.8．furnituren．家具←furnishvt.為……配備家具；提供→furnishedadj.配備家具的①一件家具apiece/anitemoffurniture②配備著……befurnishedwith...③配備齊全的房間afullyfurnishedroom④向某人/某物提供……furnishsb./sth.withsth.9．unfortunateadj.不幸的；遺憾的→unfortunatelyadv.不幸地；遺憾地←fortunatelyadv.幸運地←fortunateadj.幸運的①對某人來說不幸的是(作狀語)unfortunatelyforsb.②做某事很不幸beunfortunatetodosth.③很遺憾……Itisunfortunate(that)．..④幸運地做某事befortunatetodosth.⑤做某事很幸運be/feelfortunateindoingsth.⑥(對某人來說)……是幸運的。Itisfortunate(forsb.)that...⑦海風極其有益，所以應當推薦那些住在海邊的幸運兒沿著海濱散步。Theseabreezesarehighlybeneficial,soawalkalongtheseashoreisrecommendabletothosewhoaresofortunateastolivebythesea.10．advertisevt.&vi.公布；宣傳；做廣告→advertisementn．廣告→advertisingn．廣告活動；廣告業(yè)①為某事做廣告advertisesth.②登廣告求……advertisefor...③登廣告招聘某人做某事advertiseforsb.todosth.④Ishalladvertiseforsomeonetogo(go)withme.⑤Putanadvertisement(advertise)inthelocalpapertosellyourcar.11．commitv．犯(罪或錯等)；承諾；保證→commitmentn．承諾；保證；奉獻①對……作出承諾makeacommitmentto...②犯錯commitanerror③如果你想投身新聞行業(yè)，你一定會成為一名成功的記者。Ifyouaretobecommittedtothejournalismfield,youareboundtobecomeasuccessfuljournalist.Ⅱ.重點短語1．turnsb.down拒絕(某人)①出現(xiàn)；到場；開大；調高音量turnup②轉身turnaround/round③證明是；結果是turnout④轉向；求助于；查閱turnto⑤我害怕我老板會拒絕我。Iamafraidourbosswillturnmedown.2．setoff出發(fā)；引起；動身；使爆炸①開始；著手(做……)setabout(doing...)②把……放置一旁；不理會；留出setaside③動身；出發(fā)；著手；開始(做……)setout(todo...)④創(chuàng)造；建立；創(chuàng)辦setup⑤她一收到母親的來信就馬上動身回家。Shewillsetoffforhomeatonceassoonasshehearsfromhermother.3．keepup堅持；維持；持續(xù)；沿襲①跟上；不落后keepupwith②保持優(yōu)異成績，繼續(xù)干下去keepitup③遵守；信守keeptosth.④避開；遠離keepawayfrom⑤勿踩；勿踏keepoff⑥我并非所有的變化都能跟得上。Ican'tkeepupwithallthechanges.4．holdon稍等；挺住；堅持住；(打電話)別掛斷①抓緊；不放開；保留；堅持holdonto②阻擋；阻攔；隱瞞；控制holdback③(在困境中)堅持；伸出；提供holdout④舉起；延遲；阻礙holdup⑤等一會兒，我得化妝一下。Holdonforaminute.I'vejustgottoputonmymake-up.5．afterall畢竟；終究①最重要的是；首先aboveall②整體說來；總而言之allinall③全部；合計inall④首先firstofall⑤畢竟，鍛煉15分鐘比不鍛煉好。Afterall,15minutesofexerciseisbetterthannothing.6．giveoff放出(熱、光、氣味或氣體)①屈服；交上givein②放棄；停止；中止；投降giveup③分發(fā)；公布；耗盡；發(fā)出giveout④贈送；分發(fā)；放棄(機會)；泄露(秘密)giveaway⑤要是塑料和橡膠被焚，就會放出有毒的氣體。Ifplasticandrubberareburnt,they'llgiveoffpoisonousgases.7．payback償還；報復；報答①買……；為……付出代價payfor...②付錢買某物paymoneyforsth.③付清；取得成功payoff④(不情愿地)付清欠款payup⑤她知道他們家無法償還任何債務。Sheknowsthatthefamilywouldnotbeabletopaybackanydebt.Ⅲ.重點句式1．全部倒裝①BelowaresomeofBlackborow'sdiaryentries.以下是布萊克博羅的一些日記。句式仿寫②Thencameanotherquestion.然后又一個問題提出來了。③Herecomesourheadmaster.我們的校長來了。2．too...to...結構①...thevoyagewastoodangerousanddifficultforallofustomakeitinoursmallboats.……這次航行太危險了，很難讓我們所有人都坐上小船。句式仿寫②Themathsproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout.這道數學題太難我解不出來。③Sometimestheoilmaybetoothicktopouratall.有時，油可能稠得一點也倒不出來。3．Whatif...?省略句①Whatiftheyweredelayed?如果他們被耽擱了會怎么樣呢？句式仿寫②WhatiftherewasnowateronEarth?如果地球上沒有水怎么辦？③Whatifthetrainislate?火車要是晚點會怎么樣呢？4．虛擬條件句①Ifitweren'tforseaanimals,wewouldallstarve.如果不是海洋動物，我們都會餓死。句式仿寫②Ifitwerenotfortheleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappylifetoday.要是沒有黨的領導，今天我們就不會過上幸福的生活。③Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wewouldnothaveachievedsomuchinourwork.要不是你的幫助，我們就不會在工作中取得這么多成績。5．“keep＋賓語＋賓補”結構①Ourdisciplineandteamspiritkeptusoptimisticandhelpedusdealwithourfearsinapositiveandsuccessfulway.我們的紀律和團隊精神使我們保持樂觀，幫助我們以積極和成功的方式處理恐懼。句式仿寫②Pleasekeepthedoorandwindowopen.請把門窗開著。③Ikeptherwaitingfor2hours.我讓她等了兩個小時。時文閱讀世界最長客運列車誕生(原文選自、)語篇解讀：據報道，瑞士雷蒂亞鐵路公司開發(fā)出了一列由100節(jié)車廂組成、長約兩千米的超長火車。經吉尼斯世界紀錄認證，這是全球最長的窄軌客運列車。這列火車從海拔1749米的普雷達出發(fā)，一路開到貝爾金，完成了其首次的正式旅程。長長的紅色列車與沿途風景相得益彰，吸引了不少火車迷和觀光客乘車體驗。HighintheSwissAlps,StMoritzmadeitsnameasaplaceforpushingtheboundariesofwintersports.Recently,theregioncontinueditslongtraditionofexpandingthelimitsofwhatispossiblewithaworldrecordattempt—notonsnoworice,butonrails.Tomarkthe175thanniversaryofSwitzerland'sfirstrailway,arailwaycompanycreatedtheworld'slongestpassengertrain—100cars,2,990tonnesandalmosttwokilometerslong.Formedof25newelectrictrains,therecord-breaking1,906-metertraintookalmostanhourtocoveraround25kilometersovertheimpressiveUNESCOWorldHeritageAlbulaLine,whichisfamousforitsendlessswoopingcurvesandsteepinclines(斜坡)．Themountainrailwaysareregardedasgreatfeatsofengineering.The62-kilometerlinebetweenThusisandStMoritz,aworld-renownedmasterpieceofcivilengineering,tookjustfiveyearstobuilddespiterequiring55bridgesand39tunnels.UnlikemostSwissandEuropeanrailways,whichusethestandardgauge(標準軌距)betweentherailsof1.435meters,therails,knownasRhaetischeBahnrails,arejustonemeterapart.“Inordertocompletethetrain'sjourneysuccessfully,everythinghastobeperfect.Weneedtobe100%synchronized(同步的),everysecond.Everyonehastokeeptheirspeedandothersystemsundercontrolatalltimes，”leaddriverAndreasKramersaid.“WeneedtoknowtheAlbulaLineverywell,everychangeofgradient,andeveryincline.”ThemountainousSwisslandscapehasencouragedcreativetransportationsolutionsforgenerations,resultinginoneofthemosttrain-reliantnationsintheworld.Onaverage,Swisscitizenstravelabout2,450kilometersbytrainannually—anestimatedquarteroftheirtotaltransportationsystem.In2021,SwissFederalRailwaysoperated11,260trainscarrying880,000passengersand185,000tonnesofgoodsperdayona3,265kilometer-longnetworkwith804stations.Therefore,thesuccessfulrecordattemptwillbegreatforthelocalareaandforthecountryasawhole.1．Whatistheworld'slongestpassengertraincreatedfor?AA．Celebratingthe175thyearofSwissfirstrailway.B．Satisfyingpeople'sincreasingdemandfortransportation.C．EncouragingpeopletopayattentiontoSwisswintersports.D．AttractingmorevisitorstoappreciatethebeautyofStMoritz.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“feats”inParagraph2probabl