課時(shí)分層作業(yè)（三十一）

I.閱讀理解

A

（2021?湖北H-4交聯(lián)考）

TunaTossing

ThissportbeganinSouthAustraliainafishingcommunitycalledPortLincoln.

Itwasinspiredbythelocalfishermenwhousedtotossfishontotheirtrucks.The

winneristhepersonwhothrowsa9kgfishinalongestdistance.

HotDogEatingContest

Competitiveeatinghasbecomepopularinthepastyearsanditsparticipantstry

toeatasmanyhotdogsastheycanintenminutes.ThesportbeganintheU.S.city

fairsandhasgainedrecognitionduetoNathan'sHotDogEatingContest,held

annuallyonthe4thofJuly.Thesporthasturnedintoahugeindustryandisnow

popularintheU.S.,Canada,andJapan.

WifeCarrying

ThisgamehasitsoriginsinFinlandandit'sasportinwhichmalecompetitors

racewhilecarryingafemaleteammate.Theobjectiveisforthemaletocarrythe

femalethroughaspecialtrackinthefastesttime.TheWifeCarryingWorld

ChampionshiphasteamscompetingfromAustralia,Germany,Britain,Estonia,

Ireland,andtheUnitedStates.Thewifemustbeover17yearsoldandprizesinclude

winningthewife，sweightbeer.

PanjatPinang

IndependenceDayinIndonesiaisonAugust17th.Thisdayiscelebratedby

variouscompetitions.PanjatPinangisthemostdifficultone.Inthecompetition,men

inteamsareaskedtoclimbansmooth,oiledpalmtrunk.Atthetopofthetrunkthere

areprizes一fromtowels,clothesandsomethinglikethattomountainbicyclesand

cashcertificates.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幾個(gè)有意思的比賽項(xiàng)目。

1.Whichofthefollowingeventspromotesthebusinessdevelopmentgreatly?

A.TunaTossing.

B.HotDogEatingContest.

C.WifeCarrying.

D.PanjatPinang.

B［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HotDogEatingContest部分中的“Thesporthas

turnedintoahugeindustryandisnowpopularintheU.S.,Canada,andJapan.”

可知，HotDogEatingContest極大地促進(jìn)了商業(yè)發(fā)展，故B項(xiàng)正確。］

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutPanjatPinang?

A.Itswinnersmaygetvariousprizes.

B.Itisthehardestamongthefourevents.

C.ItscompetitorsJstrengthmeanseverything.

D.Ithasbecomemorepopularinothercountries.

A［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PanjatPinang部分中的"Atthetopofthe

trunk...mountainbicyclesandcashcertificates.”可知,PanjatPinang活動(dòng)的獲月生

者會得到各式各樣的獎(jiǎng)品，故A項(xiàng)正確。］

3.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

A.TunaTossinghasitsoriginsinafishingcommunityinSouthAmerica.

B.InWifeCaixyinggamethewinnermaywincashasaprize.

C.Nathan'sHotDogEatingContestisheldonthe4thofJulyeveryotheryear.

D.IndependenceDayinIndonesiaiscelebratedbyvariousgameslikeclimbing

trunks.

D［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PanjatPinang部分中的“IndependenceDayin

Indonesia...byvariouscompetitions”,口"meninteamsareaskedtoclimbansmooth,

oiledpalmtrunkv可知，在印度尼西亞獨(dú)立日這天，人們會舉辦包括爬棕桐樹干

在內(nèi)的各種比賽，故D項(xiàng)正確。］

B

（2021?廣東省部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)調(diào)研考試）InacafeinsouthLondon,two

constructionworkersaretalkingcheerfully.Theysometimesbreakintoloudlaughter.

Theyarediscussingsomething,andtheirconversationlooksfunandinteresting.But

Idon，tspeaktheirlanguage.Outofcuriosity,Iinterruptthem.

Withfriendlysmiles,theybothchangeeasilytoEnglish,explainingthattheyare

SouthAfricansandwerespeakingXhosa.InJohannesburg,wheretheyarefrom,most

peoplespeakatleastfivelanguages,saysoneofthem,TheoMorris."Mymother，s

languageisSotho.Myfather，sisZulu.IlearnedXhosaandNdebelefrommyfriends

andneighbors,andEnglishandAfrikaansfromschool.Icanspeakwellallofthe

languagesmentionedabove.IwenttoGermanybeforeIcamehere,soIalsospeaka

littleGerman,“headds.

“Isiteasytolearnsomanylanguages?”“Yes,it，snormal,helaughs.

He'sright.Aroundtheworld,morethanhalfofthepeoplespeakatleasttwo

languages.Manycountrieshavemorethanoneofficiallanguage-SouthAfricahas

11.People,youngorold,areincreasinglyexpectedtospeak,readandwriteinatleast

oneofahandfulof“super“l(fā)anguages,suchasEnglish,Chinese,Hindi,Spanishand

Arabic.

Multilingualism（多語言）hasmanysocial,psychologicalandlifestyle

advantages.Moreover,manyhealthbenefitsfromspeakingmorethanonelanguage

havebeenfound,includingfasterstroke（中風(fēng)）recovery.

Coulditbethatthehumanbrainevolvestobemultilingual一thatthosewho

speakonlyonelanguagearenotrealizingtheirfullpotential?Andinaworldthatis

losinglanguagesfasterthanever_oneeverytwoweeks,halfourlanguageswill

disappearhopelesslybytheendofthecentury.Whatwouldhappeniftherich

diversityoflanguagesdisappearedandmostofusendedupspeakingonlyone?

That，saseriousproblemwearefacing.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。兩名建筑工人的談話引發(fā)了作者對

會講多種語言給人們帶來的好處的思考及對目前世界上語言快速消失的現(xiàn)狀的

憂慮。

4.Whydoestheauthorinterruptthetwoworkers?

A.Tojointhemintheconversation.

B.Tofindoutwhatlanguagethey，respeaking.

C.Tostopthemfromlaughingloudly.

D.Tolearnthelanguagethatisspokenbythem.

B［推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“theirconversationlooksfunand

interesting.ButIdon，tspeaktheirlanguage.Outofcuriosity,Iinterruptthem”可

知，作者覺得那兩名建筑工人的談話似乎很有趣，但因?yàn)樽约翰欢麄兊恼Z言，

所以不知道他們在講什么。出于好奇，作者打斷了他們的談話。再結(jié)合第二段中

的"explainingthattheyare...speakingXhosa”可推知，作者打斷他們是想了解他

們究竟講的是什么語言。故選B。］

5.WhatdoweknowaboutTheoMorris?

A.Hecanspeaksevenlanguages.

B.Hespeaksallofhislanguageswell.

C.Heisfromasingle-languagefamily.

D.Heisconfidentoflearningsuperlanguages.

A［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Mymother，slanguageisSotho.My

father，sisZulu...soIalsospeakalittleGerman”可知,Theo會講他父母各自的

語言，即索托語和祖魯語；他還從朋友和鄰居那里學(xué)會了科薩語和恩德貝勒語，

在學(xué)校學(xué)了英語和南非荷蘭語；他還會講一些德語。由此可知，他能講七種語言。

故選A。］

6.Whichofthefollowingisonefeatureofmultilingualism?

A.Itisculture-specific.

B.Itcandowonders.

C.Itisachallengingtask.

D.Itispreferredbytheyoung.

B［推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，多語言具有許多社會、心理

和生活方式上的優(yōu)勢，此外，會講多種語言對健康有很多好處，包括更快地從中

風(fēng)中恢復(fù)健康。由此可推知，會講多種語言能產(chǎn)生神奇作用。dowonders“創(chuàng)造

奇跡，產(chǎn)生神奇作用”。故選B。］

7.What'stheauthorsattitudetowardsthepresentsituationoflanguages?

A.Objective.B.Optimistic.

C.Doubtful.D.Concerned.

D［觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"halfourlanguageswilldisappear

hopelesslybytheendofthecentury,,44That，saseriousproblemwearefacing.”可次口,

作者對語言快速消失的現(xiàn)狀深感憂慮。故選D。］

C

（2021?湖南省名校大聯(lián)考）AskpeopleintheUKwhatthewords“Sundayroast”

meantothem,andthey511probablytakeyoubacktotheirgrandmothersJdining

rooms一maybewithafewstoriesofuthegreatestpuddings”and“thebestever

steak”.ButnowthetraditionalSundayroastseemstohavebeenleftbackintheold

days.AccordingtoDailyMail,justonein50Britishfamiliessitsdowntothisweekly

mealtogether.

Therearemanyreasonswhytheroastisbecominglesspopular.Inthebusy

modernworld,wherebreakfastisasliceoftoasteatenonthewaytoworkorschool

andlunchisaquicksandwichinfrontofthecomputerscreen,peoplejustdon'tseem

tohavethetimeorpatiencetomakearoast.

AndSundaywasonceadaywhenpeoplecouldeasilygotothekitchentocook.

Nowadays,peopleareoftenoutshoppingoratthecinemauntilit，sfartoolateto

startthinkingaboutheatingtheoven（烤箱）up.

However,arecentarticlefromTheTelegraphwarnedagainstbeingcarriedaway

byourtightschedules：”Itwouldbeashametoletthisfineoldtraditiondisappear.”

TheGuardianfurtherexplainedthattheeatingofthebigmealisonlythehalfof

it.TheSundayroastalsomakesforrelaxedmorningactivitiesinthekitchen,andthe

tablebecomestheperfectplacetosharegoodfoodandchatwithfamilyand

friends."Forbusymomsanddads,evenifyoucanmanagetoturnoffyourmobile

phoneandtheTVonlyonceaweekandturntheSundayroastintoarealfamilyevent,

childrencanhavefuncookingthefoodandclearinguptogether.”

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。周日全家人聚在一起共享烤肉是英國的

一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)飲食習(xí)慣。但是，隨著生活節(jié)奏加快，人們似乎已經(jīng)沒有時(shí)間和耐心做

“周日烤肉”了。有英國媒體指出，吃“周日烤肉”這一傳統(tǒng)不能被拋棄，它對

家庭有益。

8.WhydopeoplepaylessattentiontotheSundayroastnowadays?

A.Theyhaveabusylifestyle.

B?Theyhavenointerestincooking.

C.Theydon，tthinkitworthwhile.

D.Theyarelivinginthemodemsociety.

A［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，在繁忙的現(xiàn)代社會，早餐是在上

班或上學(xué)的路上吃一片吐司，午餐是在電腦屏幕前快速吃一個(gè)三明治，人們似乎

沒有時(shí)間和耐心做烤肉。據(jù)此可知，如今人們很少關(guān)注“周末烤肉”是因?yàn)樯?/p>

太忙碌，故A項(xiàng)正確。］

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Arecentarticle.

B?Thefineoldtradition.

C.Atraditionalkitchen.

D.TheSundaymorningactivity.

B［代詞指代題。根據(jù)第四段中的"Itwouldbeashametoletthisfineold

traditiondisappear.“可知，Theniegraph上最近的一篇報(bào)道指出，讓這一優(yōu)良的

古老傳統(tǒng)消失將是一件令人惋惜的事。再結(jié)合第五段第一句可以推斷，該句中的

it即指代上句中的"thisfineoldtradition^^,故B項(xiàng)正確。］

10.HowdoestheauthorfeeltowardstheSundayroast5sdecline?

A.Sorry.B.Doubtful.

C.Uncertain.D.Positive.

A［觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。通讀全文可知，作者先是提到吃“周日烤肉”這一傳統(tǒng)變

得不太受歡迎了，接著分析了這一現(xiàn)象的原因，然后又提到有英國媒體指出，吃

“周日烤肉”這一傳統(tǒng)不能被拋棄，它對家庭有益。據(jù)此可以推斷，作者對吃“周

末烤肉”這一傳統(tǒng)的衰落感到難過、惋惜。A項(xiàng)意為“難過、惋惜"，故A項(xiàng)

正確。］

11.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Sunday——BestTimeforFamily

B.TheSundayRoastIsDyingOut

C.It，sthePerfectTimeforUS

D.Let'sSitDownTogether

B［標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段第二句"Butnowthetraditional

Sundayroastseemstohavebeenleftbackintheolddays.”為全文的主題句，提出

文章主題——英國吃“周末烤肉”的傳統(tǒng)將近消亡，下文圍繞此主題展開，分析

了這一現(xiàn)象的原因及一些媒體對此現(xiàn)象的看法。故B項(xiàng)最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。］

D

（2021?濰坊市階段性監(jiān)測）Haveyoueverwonderedwhyhairturnsgrayasyou

getolderandwhetherthereissomethingyoucandotopreventgrayingoratleast

slowitdown?Here，salookatwhatcauseshairtoturngrayandsomeofthefactors

thataffectgraying.

Theageatwhichyou'Hgetyourfirstgrayhair（supposingyourhairdoesn，t

simplyfallout）islargelydecidedbygenes.You'11probablygetthatfirststrand（縷）

ofgrayhairaroundthesameagewhenyourparentsandgrandparentsstartedtogo

gray.However,therateatwhichthegrayingprogressesissomewhatunderyourown

control.Smokingisknowntoincreasetherateofgraying.Generallypoor

nutrition,insufficientBvitamins,anemia,anduntreatedthyroidconditionscan

alsospeedtherateofgraying.

Whatcausesyourhair，scolortochange?Thathassomethingtodowiththe

processcontrollingtheproductionofthepaintcalledmelanin（黑色素），thesame

materialthattansyourskininresponsetosunlight.Everyhaircellcontainsmelanin

cellscalledmelanocytes.Themelanocytesproduceeumelanin,whichisblackordark

brown,andpheomelanin,whichisreddish-yellow,andpassthemelanintothecells

whichproducekeratin（角蛋白），thechiefproteininhair.Whenthekeratin-producing

cellsdie,theykeepthecoloringfromthemelanin.Whenyoufirststarttogogray,the

melanocytesarestillpresent,buttheybecomelessactive.Lesspaintiskeptintothe

hairsoitappearslighter.

Asgrayingprogresses,themelanocytesdieoffuntiltherearen，tanycellsleftto

producethecolor.Whilethisisanormalandunavoidablepartoftheagingprocess

anditisnotassociatedwithdiseaseitself,someautoimmunediseasescancause

prematuregraying.However,somepeoplestartgoinggrayintheir20sandare

perfectlyhealthy.

Extremeshockorstresscanalsocauseyourhairtogograyveryquickly,though

notovernight.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了頭發(fā)變白的原因，如自體兔

疫性疾病、心理壓力等。

12.Whatwilldetermineyourfirststrandofgrayhair?

A.Genes.B.Ages.

C.Nutrition.D.Disease.

A［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句"Theageatwhichyou，11getyourfirst

grayhair(supposingyourhairdoesn，tsimplyfallout)islargelydecidedbygenes.”

可知，第一縷白發(fā)的出現(xiàn)時(shí)間很大程度上是由遺傳基因決定的，故A項(xiàng)正確。］

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"tans"inparagraph3probablymean?

A.Avoids.B.Protects.

C.Sunburns.D.Covers.

C［詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的"inresponsetosunlight”并結(jié)合“在陽光下

人的皮膚會變黑”的常識可知，畫線詞意為“曬黑”，故C項(xiàng)正確。］

14.Whatdoweknowaboutmelanininparagraph3?

A.Ithelpsthehairkeepshining.

B.Itcanpreventthehairturninggray.

C.Itismainlymadeofhairprotein.

D.Itmakesthehairlooklighter.

B［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thathassomethingtodowiththeprocess

controllingtheproductionofthepaintcalledmelanin"和“Lesspaintiskeptintothe

hairsoitappearslighter.可知，黑色素有阻止頭發(fā)變白的作用，故B項(xiàng)正確。］

15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A-Theprocessofhairchanges.

B?Thecausesofhairturninggray.

C-Thefactorsofhaircomponents.

D.Relationshipbetweengrayhairandhealth.

B［主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文首段第二句"Here'salookatwhat

causeshairtoturngrayandsomeofthefactorsthataffectgraying.”是全文的主題

句，其后的段落均圍繞頭發(fā)變白的原因展開，故B項(xiàng)正確。］

II.閱讀七選五

(2021?南京市學(xué)情調(diào)研)

Howwillwekeepastronautsentertained?

TheluckyresidentsoftheInternationalSpaceStationtake12-hourshifts,

includingtwoandahalfhoursofgymtimeandsixandahalfhoursoflabwork,

amongotherduties.1Ifthetiming，sright,theycallhometocatchup.They

watchtheirfavoritefootballgames.NASAhassentupplaythingslikeguitars,

keyboards,aswellaschess.

Stayingentertainedisvitalbecausewhenyou，reonlongspaceflights,feeling

boredcanbedangerous.2.Breakingatoolisalotmorewonyingwhenyou5re

tryingtokeepaspaceshiponcourse.Notonlydoesplaytimekeepoperationsmooth,

italsohelpsAmericansrelatetotheirhigh-flyingheroes.

3.Maintaining（維持）aconstantlong-distancesignalwillbetough.But

whenbandwidth（帶寬）allows,HoustoncouldbeamTVseriesforbinge-

watching（瘋狂追劇）.Theagencyisalsolookingintovirtualrealitysospacetravelers

canspendanafternoonatt