Ihavealittlegift

whichispreparedforsomeoneinourclass.Sheisagirl

whohasapairofsmilingeyesandlonghair.Sheisagirl

whosehandwritingwonthefirstprizeinthecompetition.Sheoftengoestotheoffice

whereIworktoaskabouttheassignments.Shehelpsmealotwithmywork,andthatisthereason

whyIwanttoexpressmythanksandbestwishestoher.

TheAttributiveClauseReview定語從句復(fù)習(xí)

定語從句定語從句基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)定語從句拓展練習(xí)（assignment）1.定語從句定義

2.定語從句構(gòu)成

3.定語從句關(guān)系詞定語從句重難考點(diǎn)突破關(guān)系代詞v.s.關(guān)系副詞定語從句和其他句型as引導(dǎo)的非限定從whose引導(dǎo)的定從抽象地點(diǎn)名詞作先行詞way作先行詞區(qū)分that&which定從&強(qiáng)調(diào)句型定從&并列句that引導(dǎo)的定從&同從when引導(dǎo)的定從&時(shí)間狀從where引導(dǎo)的定從&地點(diǎn)狀從Sheisagirlwhohasapairofsmilingeyesandlonghair.hasapairofsmilingeyesandlonghair.從句girl關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的詞

who（先行詞一般是名詞或代詞）定語從句的要素：從句，先行詞，關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞）關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系副詞：指人指物who(主語、賓語)，whom(賓語)，that(主語、賓語),whose(定語)that(主語、賓語),which(主語、賓語)whose(定語)where(地點(diǎn)狀語)when(時(shí)間狀語)why(原因狀語)關(guān)系詞的功能1、引導(dǎo)定語從句2、指代先行詞3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)某成分關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系副詞：指人指物who(主語、賓語)，whom(賓語)，that(主語、賓語),whose(定語)that(主語、賓語),which(主語、賓語)whose(定語)where(地點(diǎn)狀語)when(時(shí)間狀語)why(原因狀語)關(guān)系詞的功能1、引導(dǎo)定語從句2、指代先行詞3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)某成分考點(diǎn)一：關(guān)系代詞or關(guān)系副詞5.Thereason

____

shegavefornotbeingpresentwasthattheheavysnowpreventedhercoming.6.Thereason____shewasnotpresentwasthattheheavysnowpreventedhercoming.whywhich/that考點(diǎn)一：關(guān)系代詞or關(guān)系副詞1.Wevisitedafactory_________makestoysforchildren.2.Wevisitedafactory______thetoysaremadeforchildren.3.I’llneverforgettheday_______wefirstmet.4.I’llneverforgettheday___________Ispentwithyou.which/thatwherewhich/thatwhen如何選用定從的關(guān)系詞

1.首先分清主句和定語從句2.確定定語從句的先行詞3.回歸，補(bǔ)缺，定成分--把先行詞帶回到定語從句中去，看其在從句中做什么成分（主語，賓語，定語或狀語）4.若先行詞在從句中做主語、賓語或定語則選擇關(guān)系代詞,若在從句中做狀語，則選擇關(guān)系副詞。Lookout!Don’tgetclosetothehouse

roofisbeingrepaired.TheteacherhadatalkwithTom,

majorproblemispoorstudyhabits.

Lookout!Don’tgetclosetothehouse,the

roofof______isbeingrepaired.TheteacherhadatalkwithTom,themajorproblemof______ispoorstudyhabits.whose引導(dǎo)定從當(dāng)先行詞與從句中某個(gè)名詞有從屬關(guān)系，表示“……的”，關(guān)系詞選whosewhose在從句中作定語后跟名詞，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物whose+n.

=

the+n.+ofwhich/whomwhichwhomwhosewhose考點(diǎn)一：關(guān)系代詞or關(guān)系副詞--先行詞是抽象的地點(diǎn)名詞當(dāng)situation,point,case,activity,scene,atmosphere,condition,stage及period,festival,occasion等抽象的地點(diǎn)名詞作先行詞時(shí)，要注意具體情況具體分析：先行詞在從句中作主語、賓語和表語時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)從句；先行詞在從句中作狀語時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)從句，表示在某種特定的情形下。先行詞是抽象的地點(diǎn)名詞Ihadreachedapointinmycareer

Ishouldmakeadecision.Therearecases__________theword“water”isusedasanadverb.Whataresomesituations_______bodylanguageistheonlyformofcommunication?Areyoufacingasituation____________looksimpossibletofix?wherewherewherewhich/that考點(diǎn)一：關(guān)系代詞or關(guān)系副詞--先行詞是way1.Theway___________hetolduswasquitesimple.他告訴我們的這個(gè)方式很簡單。(把從句補(bǔ)充完整：hetoldustheway，可以看出theway在從句中作told的賓語。)2.Theway__________________heexplainedthesentencewassimple.他解釋這句話的方式很簡單。(把從句補(bǔ)充完整：heexplainedthesentenceintheway，theway在從句中作狀語。)先行詞是way先行詞way在從句中作狀語時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用inwhich,that或者省略；先行詞way在從句中作主語或賓語時(shí)，用that/which引導(dǎo)（作賓語時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞也可以省略）。(that/which)

(that/inwhich/不填)考點(diǎn)二：先行詞指物，使用thatorwhich?Theonlything_____iswrongwiththisiswhatafriendofminesaidtometheotherday.Thisistheveryman

Iwanttosee.ThisisthemostimpressiveTVplay

Ihaveeverwatched.TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies

liveintheGiantPandaRange.Thisisthefirstletter

I’vewritteninEnglish.Weweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthings

werememberedinourschool.考點(diǎn)二：先行詞指物，使用thatorwhich?A.關(guān)系代詞用that不用which的情形：最不序正是人物考點(diǎn)二：不定代詞：

先行詞是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代詞或由不定代詞any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all等修飾時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語從句用that不用which。Parachutting跳傘ismoreexcitingthananythingelse

Ihavedonebefore.Pleasesendusanyinformation____youhaveaboutthesubject.Thereisnothingintheworld______canfrightenhim.A.關(guān)系代詞用that不用which的情形：最不序正是人物It'splot,______depictsoneofthecharactersbeingpunishedaftertheirleaderwasdissatisfiedwiththeirwork,hasresonated(共鳴)withawideaudience.April,14isthedateon_____severalprominentauthorsdied.3.Thepersonto_______thisletterwasaddresseddiedthreeyearsago.考點(diǎn)二：先行詞指物，使用thatorwhich?B.關(guān)系代詞用which不用that：指物時(shí)，介詞后；逗號(hào)后(非限)(1)關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中緊跟介詞作賓語（介詞提前）。

Therearemanytrees

__________theycanhavearest.

Thisisthering__________shespent1000dollars.2、只用which不用that的情況在非限制性定語從句中。

Football,

______isaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.Hefailedintheexam,______madehermotherangry.underwhichonwhichwhichwhich二、“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”即“介詞＋whom

/

which”1、介詞的選用至少要考慮以下的兩個(gè)因素：A.與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系1）Iwillneverforgettheday________Ijoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgetthedays____________Iworkedintheschool.3)Iwillneverforgettheyear__________mysonwenttocollege.onwhichduringwhichinwhichB.與謂語動(dòng)詞的搭配習(xí)慣1）Haveyoufoundthebook_________Ipaid29USdollars?2)Haveyoufoundthebook__________Ispent29USdollars?3)Haveyoufoundthebook___________welearntalot?4)Haveyoufoundthebook___________sheoftentalks?forwhichonwhichfromwhichaboutwhich考點(diǎn)三：定從&其他句型1.區(qū)別定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句Itisforthisreason________SpanishisthemainofficiallanguageofPeru.(

句)Itwasthehouse______hewasborn.(

句)

①定語從句中關(guān)系詞作成分，充當(dāng)主語/賓語/表語/狀語；②強(qiáng)調(diào)句中it無意義，that/who不是引導(dǎo)詞；③去掉itis/was和that/who后，如果句子成分完整，句子能夠講得通則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，講不通則不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。2.定語從句與并列句的區(qū)別89ofthescheduled110performanceswillbegiveninpublicinmajortheatersintheMexicancityoftheGuannajutao,therestof

willbebroadcastonline.89ofthescheduled110performanceswillbegiveninpublicinmajortheatersintheMexicancityoftheGuannajutao,andtherestof

willbebroadcastonline.看前后句之間是否有and，but等并列連詞或分號(hào)等的存在，若有則為并列句；如果只有逗號(hào)，內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面某一名詞的補(bǔ)充說明，則為非限制性定語從句。3.that引導(dǎo)的定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.(that在從句中_________,______從句)Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody.(that在從句中__________,

從句)1.that做的成分不同定語從句的關(guān)系詞that充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語，有時(shí)可省略，that還?？梢杂脀hich來代替。同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that不充當(dāng)任何成分，但一般不可省，也不能用which來代替。2.定從和同從作用不同定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系,即限定它前面的名詞范圍,或補(bǔ)充一些情況。同位語從句與前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系,即說明它前面名詞的內(nèi)容,且該名詞通常為抽象名詞idea,

fact,

hope,news,doubt,truth,information,suggestion,question,belief,conclusion等。4.when引導(dǎo)的定從&時(shí)間狀語從句的區(qū)別Thedocumentisthefifthofitskindsince2000,whenChinapublisheditsfirstwhitepaperonspaceactivities.VitaminDisproduced

when

sunlighttouchesourskin.when引導(dǎo)的定從跟在表示時(shí)間的先行詞后，，when可譯為“當(dāng)時(shí)”、“那時(shí)”（從句表過去時(shí)）；“到時(shí)”、“屆時(shí)”（從句表將來時(shí)）。地點(diǎn)狀從中的when前邊沒有表示時(shí)間的名詞，時(shí)間狀從的位置靈活，可以置于主句之后,也可以置于主句之前(此時(shí)用逗號(hào)來分隔主從句),通常都是譯成“當(dāng)......時(shí)候”5.where引導(dǎo)的定從&地點(diǎn)狀語從句的區(qū)別Acaféandasupermarkethavebeenaddedwheretherewasaparkingarea.Acaféandasupermarkethavebeenaddedintheplace

wheretherewasaparkingarea.Ricegrowswellwherethereisenoughwater.Helefttheplacewherehelivedformanyyears.where引導(dǎo)的定從跟在表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞后時(shí)間狀從中的where前邊沒有表示地點(diǎn)的名詞as引導(dǎo)的非限定從asweallknow/asisknowntoall眾所周知ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述asisexpected/hoped/supposed正如所預(yù)期的asisoftenthecase通常如此asoftenhappens

正如常發(fā)生的那樣aswecansee如我們所見aswehaveexpected正如我們預(yù)料的那樣asismentionedabove正如上面提到的常用as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句指代：引導(dǎo)的從句只能指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，位置:主句之前、之中或之后;意義:正如功能:連接上下文，表達(dá)說話人的觀點(diǎn)看法，并指出主句內(nèi)容的根據(jù)或出處等。分隔式定語從句限制性定語從句Shehasfoundthenecklace（that）shelosttwoweeksago.非限制性定語從句

The

house,

which

I

bought

has

a

lovely

garden.?分隔式定語從句要判斷定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，就要看引導(dǎo)詞在從句中的作用及先行詞的詞義，因而必須準(zhǔn)確判定先行詞。在語言的實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，很多時(shí)候從句前有不止一個(gè)名詞或代詞，此時(shí)要判定先行詞就要準(zhǔn)確理解題意，依據(jù)題意判定先行詞。1.

定語從句中插入一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)(Ithink,Isuppose,Iguess,Iimagine等)ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassion

forChina,which

heremembers

startedasearlyashischildhood.2.先行詞與從句之間插入一個(gè)介詞短語等狀語“Therewasonceatown

intheheartofAmerica,where

alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithissurroundings,”herfablebegins,borrowingsomefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.

3.在先行詞與從句之間插入一個(gè)定語

Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudy

publishedin2014

that/which

showedamerefiveto10minuteadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.4.先行詞與定語從句被主句的謂語等成分分隔開來

Aftertheflooding,people

weresufferinginthatarea,who

urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.

Thesematerialsaresaidtohavearestorativeeffectbyre-balancingone’snaturalenergy,or“Qi”,______runsthroughseriesofinvisiblemeridians(經(jīng)脈)throughoutthebody.Heaskedaboutthefactoriesandworkers_________hehadvisited.The11thAsianGames,at

Chinawon183goldmedals,washeldintheautumnof1990.Iwilltellhimall_____youtoldmeattheball/dancingpartyHelentmealotofmoney,without______Icouldn’tbuytheTVset.Pactice:區(qū)分that&whichPracticeIcreatedaworldofmyown_______Icouldenjoymyselftothefull.PlantsaregrowninsideBioPods生物艙,

theyfloatintheairandthenutrient-richmistissprayedovertheroots.Thefifthgrader,_____startedtakingphotographsattheageofthree,

livesinBand

enjoyscapturingeverydaycitycreaturesthatareoftenoverlooked.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivors_________homeshadbeendestroyed.Thehousethewindowof______weredamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity________sightmattersmorethanhearing.PracticeItisforthisreason_______SpanishisthemainofficiallanguageofPeru.Thenewsthatyouheardistrue.(that在從句中_________,______從句)HerecomesthenewsthatsometouristsfromAmericawillcometoourvillage.(that在從句中_________,______從句)Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers________shehadwipedherhands.4.關(guān)系詞w