UNIT3BACKTOTHEPASTWelcometotheunitTheFourGreatAncientCivilizations

四大文明古國

AncientBabylon.India.China.GreececivilizationarchitectureartreligionliteraturethoughtThesevenwondersoftheworld

PyramidsTheStatueofZeusTheHangingGardensTheTempleofArtemisatEphesus（古希臘阿耳特彌斯寺廟）TheColossusofRhodes

(羅得斯島巨像)TheLighthouseofAlexandria

(法洛斯燈塔)TheMausoleumatHalicarnassusKing(毛索洛斯墓廟

)IfyouhaveaSpaceandTimemachine,whereandwhendoyouwanttogo?BytheriversofBabylon,therewesatdown.Yeah,wewept,whenwerememberedZion.Fortheretheythatcarriedusawayincaptivity,requiringofusasong.Nowhowshallwesingthelord’ssong,inastrangeland.Letthewordsofourmouths,andthemeditationsofourhearts.Beacceptableinthesightheretonight.BytheriversofBabylon,therewesatdown.Yeah,wewept,whenwerememberedZion.ah…ahah…ah.RiversofBabylonWhatdoyouknowaboutthesongandancientBabylon?PictureDescriptionTheStatueofZeusTheHangingGardensTheTajMahal

ThePotalaPalaceGeneralquestionDothesepictureshavesomethingincommon?Ifso,pleasedescribeitwithsomeadjectives,asmanyasyoucan.

magnificentwell-designedancientfamousdistant

…Zeusisthesupreme（至高無上的）godofancientGreeceMythology（神話）.TheStatueofZeus,sculpted（雕刻）byagreatGreekartistinabout435BC,wasoncelocatedonthewesterncoastofGreece.ItwasaseatedfigureofZeus,holdinghiseagle-toppedstaffinhislefthandandthefigureofNike(victory)inhisrighthand.TheStatueofZeusKingNebuchadnezzarⅡofBabylon(605-562BC)builttheHangingGardenstocheeruphiswifewhomissedtheflowersandtreesofherhomeland.Thegardengotitsnamebecauseitwasbuiltentirelyontheroofofthebuilding,whichwassurroundedbytrees.Thisgavetheimpressionthatitwashanginginthesky.TheHangingGardens TheMughalEmperor ShahJahanbuilttheTaj Mahalonthebanksof theriverYamunaasa tomb（墳?zāi)梗ゝorhiswife.Itwasbuiltin22years(1631to1653)by20,000workmen.Thebuildingismadeofwhitemarble（大理石）.Abeautifulgardensurrounds（環(huán)繞）theTajMahal.InfrontofthemainentrancetothebuildingthereisTajMahalinthereflectionfromthewater.

TheTajMahal

PotalaPalaceis locatedon“RedHill”in Lhasa.Itwasoriginally builtinthe640’s,during thereignofKing SongtsanGampo.The13-storypalacestands117metershighandcoversanareaof130,000squaremeters.Itisdividedintotwosections,theRedPalaceandtheWhitePalace.ItwasusedastheresidenceoftheDalaiLamassincethe7thcentury,aswellasthereligiousandpoliticalcentreofoldTibet.ThePotalaPalacePair-work

1.Whatotherancientcivilizationsdoyouknowabout?

2.Haveyoueverbeentoamuseumandseenthingsfromancientcivilizations?Whatdidyouthinkofthethingsyousaw?

3.Doyouthinkitisimportanttoprotectculturalheritage?Why?Howtoprotectit?

Tips

commonpeoplegovernment

.laws.education

.obeythelaws.protecttheenvironment

ReadingLostcivilizations⑴

Unit3BacktothepastTalkabouttwoquestionswithyourpartners.1.CanyounamesomebuildingsthatcouldrepresentancientcivilizationsinChina?2.WhatdoesthetitleLostCivilizationsmean?TheGreatWall,theSummerPalace,theTempleofHeaven,theThirteenTombsoftheMingDynastyandsoon.Itmeansancientbuildings,culturesandcountriesthatnolongerexisted.Wherearetheplacesinthepictures?Whathaveyouknownaboutthem?PompeiiLoulanBackgroundknowledge

PompeiiLocationThesiteofPompeiiwaslocatedinwesternItalyinaregioncalledCampania,neartheBayofNaples.

Vesuvius(volcano)

On24thAugustAD79,thevolcano(Vesuvius)eruptedandlava,ashandrockspouredoutofitontothesurroundingcountryside.

Allthepeopleinthecitywereburiedalive.Loulan:GhostCityLoulanwasastoppingpointontheOldSilkRoad,connectingChinatoEurope.Initslifetime,LoulanwassituatedonthenorthshoreofLopNor(羅布湖)..Loulanwasabandonedinthesixthcenturyandwasgraduallycoveredbysandstorm.Theirmostsignificantfindingwasafemalemummy,the"Loulanbeauty"whosegoodlookswereundiminished1,000yearslater.

streetsinsteppingstonespaintings,bodiesofpeopleburiedalivehouseswithmosaicfloorstreasurecitywalls,palaces,workshops,towersandancientwatersystem1.Whatcountryistheauthorfrom?2.WhatisonemainsimilaritybetweenPompeiiandLoulan?3.WhowasmadedirectorofthePompeiidigin1860?4.WhoisProfessorZhang?Canada.Bothofthembecamelostcivilizationabout2,000yearsago.TheItalianarchaeologistGiuseppeFiorelli.Anarchaeologistfromthelocalculturalinstitute.AReadthediaryentriesquicklyandanswerthesequestions.Fast-readingDateArrangements15thJuly16thJuly17thJuly24thJuly25thJulyInItalywenttoalectureaboutPompeiisawtheancientcityofPompeii,betovisitthemuseuminNaplesarrivedinLoulanknewsomeinformationfromanArchaeologistProfessorZhangReading

C1

Howwelldidyouunderstandthedetailsinthediary?Readitagaincarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.WhathappenedtoPompeiiinAugustAD79?2.Howwastheburiedcitydiscovered?MountVesuviuseruptedandlava,ashandrockspouredoutofitontothesurroundingcountryside.AllthepeopleinPompeiiwereburiedalive,andsowasthecity.Itwasdiscoveredinthe18thcenturywhenafarmerfoundsomestonewithwritingonit.Peoplestartedtodigintheareafortreasure,whichcausedmuchdamage.Soin1860,theItalianarchaeologistGiuseppeFiorelliwasmadedirectorofthePompeiidig.Careful-reading3.WhatwerethesteppingstonesalongtheroadinPompeiiusedfor?4.WhywasLoulananimportantcityabout2,000yearsago?5.HowdomanypeoplethinkLoulandisappeared?6.Accordingtothelastsentence,howdidtheauthorfeelaboutthelossofLoulan?Withthestones,peopledidnothavetostepinthemudinthestreetsonrainydays.BecauseitwasastoppingpointonthefamousSilkRoadbetweentheEastandtheWestItwasgraduallycoveredoverbysandstormsfromAD200toAD500.Shefeltthatitwasapity! 1Ifeelluckytohavewonaplaceonthistrip. (line2)2ThismorningwewenttoalectureaboutPompeii. (line7)3Unfortunately,allthepeoplewereburiedalive,andsowasthecity! (lines11-12)4Howamazing!(lines14-15) C2

Thewritersofdiariesoftenrecordfeelingsoropinions(emotions)aswellaswhattheyhavedone(actions).Dothesentencesbelowexpressemotions(E)oractions(A)?E/AE/AE/AE/ACareful-readingPeoplestartedtodigintheareafortreasure. (lines16-17)WhenIwalkedaroundthecity,Isawstreetsjustastheyhadbeen.(line19)Iamsoexcitedtobehere! (line35)8Svenfoundtheremainsofbuildingburiedunderthesand.(line39) E/AE/AE/AE/AD1Matchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.1.representing(line2)2.tookover(line8)3.erupted(line9)4.unfortunately(line11)5.Houses(line26)6.Wealthy(line32)7.Ruins(line42)8.Enormous(line44)A.(ofavolcano)threwoutlavaandashB.ActingorspeakingforagroupC.Sadly,unluckilyD.richE.PartsofabuildingthatremainafterithasbeenbadlydamagedordestroyedF.hugeG.TookcontrolofH.ProvidesspaceforBHACGDEFCareful-reading1thecity(line7)

2which(line17)

3there(line24)4it(line32)5that(line44)D2

Findthefollowingwordsinthetextanddecidewhattheyreferto.PompeiithefactthatpeoplestartedtodigintheareafortreasurenearPompeiiLoulanthefactthatthedesertwasonceagreenlandwithenormoustreesCareful-readingTask2Usethefollowingwordstocompletethispassage.Pompeiicivilizationstreasurecommercialarchaeologistvolcanosandruinserupted