突破高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空之冠詞、介詞和代詞從最近幾年高考題來(lái)看，無(wú)提示詞填空題主要考查四類詞，即冠詞、介詞、代詞和連詞。本講主要涉及冠詞、介詞和代詞填空題?！舅季S導(dǎo)圖】——無(wú)提示詞題宏觀解題2大步驟【熱點(diǎn)考向一】無(wú)提示詞之冠詞【典例】限時(shí)8分鐘，體會(huì)冠詞的用法。1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Themeatshouldbefreshwith____________touchofsweetnessandthesurroundingsouphot,clearanddelicious.2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Notthepandas,eventhough____________languageusedforthemedicaltraininginstructionsisactuallyEnglish.3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Coveringanareaaboutthreetimes____________sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.4.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)____________Brownfamilyliveinanapartmentbuildingoutsidethedayoftheaccident,wasatworkandEricwasathomewithhisfather.5.(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationheldinBeijing，Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.____________friendofhis,WuFan,volunteeredtobehispanionduringthetrip.6.(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay...Tocelebrate____________festival,anumberofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingonThursday.7.(2022·浙江1月卷)Cobb,forherpart,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeakifshecoulddosoremotely;aboutthree－quartersof____________time,theyagreed.8.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Whileyou’reinChina,MountHuangshanis____________musttovisit!9.(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)Ittookusabout3hourstogoall____________wayaroundtheXi’anCityWall.10.(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Dueto____________growingpopularityofenvironmentally－relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypesoftripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.11.(2023·諸暨高三模擬)Theseareallexamplesofsingle－useplasticproducts,whichis____________hottopicbasedonbothenvironmentalandhealthconcerns.12.(2023·南京高三調(diào)研)In1955，Kristiansen’ssonGodtfredlaunchedLEGObricksasasystem,acceptingtheideathatthemoreyouhave,____________morethingsyoucanmake.13.(2023·南京高三學(xué)情調(diào)研)Theancienttaleofromanceisgiven____________newsettingandstillprovidesattractiveviewingforamodernaudience.14.(2023·浙江省名校協(xié)作體高三聯(lián)考)ToprotecttheAsianelephantaswellasotherwildlife,theprefectureexpandedtheareaofitsnaturereserves,whichhasnearlydoubledfrom24，000hectaresin____________1980sto41，466hectaresnow.15.(2023·遼寧六校高三聯(lián)考)Onpublicholidays,theparkbees____________seaofbusypeopleaspartiestakeplace.16.(2023·湖南省五市十校高三聯(lián)考)Drawnbycuriosity,morekidswillbewillingtoobserveandthinkthroughpracticing,whichwilladdtoourrecognitionoftheworldin____________longrun.【圖解技巧】【解題規(guī)則】1.不定冠詞a/an的主要用法(1)在文中第一次提到可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，且表泛指時(shí)，用不定冠詞a/an。(2)在序數(shù)詞前，表示“又一，再一”時(shí)，用不定冠詞a/an。(3)a用于發(fā)音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的名詞前，an用于發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭的名詞前。注意：并不是指以輔音字母或者元音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞。①以輔音字母開(kāi)頭，但是發(fā)元音的單詞有：honour，hour，honest等；②以元音字母開(kāi)頭，但是發(fā)輔音的單詞有：university，useful，useless，united，European，one－way等。2.定冠詞the的主要用法(1)第二次提到名詞時(shí)表特指，用定冠詞the。(2)當(dāng)名詞前后有定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，多數(shù)情況用定冠詞the。注意：表“一個(gè)……的……”時(shí)，用a/an。如aheavyrain。(3)用在序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)前或有only，very，same等修飾的名詞前用定冠詞the。(4)用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在某世紀(jì)幾十年代”，用定冠詞the。(5)用于表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示一家人或夫婦倆。(6)用于世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前。(7)用于被演奏的西洋樂(lè)器前。(8)“the＋形容詞”表示一類人或事物。3.固定短語(yǔ)中的冠詞(1)定冠詞用在固定搭配中alltheway一路上，自始至終makethemost/bestof充分利用inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處onthewhole大體上atthesametime同時(shí)forthetimebeing暫時(shí)onthespot/scene當(dāng)場(chǎng)；在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)onthecontrary相反(2)不定冠詞用在固定搭配中apackof一群anaverageof平均為apopulationof人口是doagooddeed做好事dosbafavour幫某人一個(gè)忙haveahistoryof有……的歷史haveabetterunderstandingof對(duì)……有更好的理解allofasudden突然【熱點(diǎn)考向二】無(wú)提示詞之介詞【典例】限時(shí)8分鐘，體會(huì)介詞的用法。1.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)AndwhodotheyspeakEnglish____________？2.(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)Shewarnsoftheenvironmentaldangersfacingsociety,andsheteachesthatpeoplemusttakeresponsibility____________savingtheirenvironment.3.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)BeijingisacitybridgingtheancientandtheBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutong____________royalpalaces,itishometomorethan3，000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout...4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Giantpandasalsoserve______________anumbrellaspecies(物種),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.5.(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Now,CaohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadflew4，700kilometers____________Xi’antoKashgaronSept20,planningtohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.6.(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially____________theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.7.(2022·北京卷)Helenwaswalkingdownthestreetlate____________theevening,herarmsfilledwithgrocerybags.8.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Apanyrepresentativewrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingover____________plastictopapercupsonallofits1，200dailyflights.9.(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)Itwasbuiltoriginallytoprotectthecity____________theTangdynastyandhasnowbeenpletelyrestored(修復(fù)).10.(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Duetothegrowingpopularityofenvironmentally－relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypes____________tripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.11.(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Ecotourismhasitsoriginwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept____________thelate1980s.12.(2021·浙江1月卷)Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017,averageruralBMIincreased____________2.1inwomenandmen.13.(2023·葫蘆島高三模擬)Theridelastsseveraltravelsfromthesecurityareatotheboardinggate____________aspeedof3.5kilometersperhour.14.(2023·長(zhǎng)沙一中高三二調(diào))Itwasremarkablehowamunitylostsomuchandwasstillabletorecover，andthisleftthedeepestimpression_______________thestudents.15.(2023·武漢外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校高三調(diào)研)Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedinthesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdisease____________theirbodieswiththeirmeals.16.(2023·深圳外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校高三一調(diào))Followinghisrecentrisetofame,Rizeahasbeenaskedbymanycities,includingthecapitalofRomaniatotransformtheiroldtreetrunks____________worksofart.【圖解技巧】【解題規(guī)則】一、根據(jù)句意和介詞用法確定介詞1.表示時(shí)間的in，on和at(1)in表示在某段較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)(如世紀(jì)、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等；(2)on表示在具體的某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上等；(3)at表示某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)、時(shí)刻等。2.表示交通方式的by和on/in(1)by后可直接跟涉及或不涉及交通工具的名詞，名詞前不加冠詞；(2)on/in后跟交通工具時(shí)，名詞前應(yīng)有冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞等修飾語(yǔ)。3.表示“用……”的by，in和with(1)by指“靠……手段，用……方法，憑借……”；(2)in多用于表示語(yǔ)言、材料的名詞前；(3)with多用于表示工具或身體器官的名詞前。4.of表示“……的”“of＋n.”相當(dāng)于該名詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞。5.as表示“作為”6.from表示“自，從”7.despite/inspiteof表示“盡管”二、根據(jù)固定搭配確定介詞1.與動(dòng)詞搭配leave/makeanimpressionon...對(duì)……有影響o...把……轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤璻emindsbofsth提醒某人某事peteforsthwithsb為某事與某人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)datebackto/datefrom追溯至prepare...for...讓……為……做準(zhǔn)備eabout發(fā)生accountfor占……比例putsthintopractice實(shí)施……bearsthinmind記住……2.與形容詞搭配becuriousabout對(duì)……感到好奇beassociatedwith與……有關(guān)berichin在……方面豐富besimilarto與……相似befamousfor因……而著名3.介詞短語(yǔ)byaccident偶然introuble陷入困境，陷入麻煩inhonourof為紀(jì)念inturn依次；轉(zhuǎn)而inreturn作為報(bào)答atrisk處于危險(xiǎn)中onboard在(火車、飛機(jī)、船)上onaverage平均inadvance提前onthecontrary相反【熱點(diǎn)考向三】無(wú)提示詞之代詞【典例】限時(shí)5分鐘，體會(huì)代詞的用法。1.(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive____________atry.2.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25，000peoplewereusing____________everyday.3.(浙江6月卷)ManywesternerswhoetoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap____________canbetoeatout.4.(2023·南寧第一次適應(yīng)性測(cè)試)ShiYan,chiefoftheLiaoningUniversityofTCM,sayshesupportsinternationalstudentstoparticipateinsuchactivities,whichwillhelp____________bineknowledgetogetherwithculture.5.(2023·廣東2月聯(lián)考)Wemustkeepreminding____________thatitiseasiertogetintosomethingthanitistogetoutofit.6.(2023·廣東2月聯(lián)考)Atourfactorythereareafewmachinessimilartothe____________describedinthismagazine.7.(2023·長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)適應(yīng)性考試)Atthatmomentayoungladywhonoticedmybookcameuptomeandintroduced____________.8.(2023·汕頭一模)When____________estosavingenergy,bigchangesstartwithsmallsteps,liketurningoffthelights.9.(2023·武漢部分學(xué)校聯(lián)考)Thequalityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthan____________insomelargerschools.10.(2023·福州質(zhì)檢)EverynewyearintheheartlandofindustrialChinathousandsuponthousandsofmotorcyclistsbravetheweatherandhittheroad,determinedtomake____________home.【圖解技巧】【解題規(guī)則】1.代詞it的用法(1)指代天氣、時(shí)間、距離等。(2)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)句子缺少形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮it。(3)it的常用固定句型：①Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他成分②It＋be＋形容詞＋of/forsbtodosth③Itisnogood/nouse/useless/awasteoftimedoingsth④hate/like/enjoyitwhen...⑤whenitesto...⑥assbputsit⑦makeit2.其他代詞的用法無(wú)提示詞類填空，當(dāng)句中缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般要填it等人稱代詞或指示代詞。(1)如果空格前文出現(xiàn)了單數(shù)名詞，并且空處作主語(yǔ)，可根據(jù)代指的情況用he，she或者it。(2)如果空格前文出現(xiàn)了單數(shù)名詞，并且空處作賓語(yǔ)，可根據(jù)代指的情況用him，her或者it。(3)如果空格前文出現(xiàn)了復(fù)數(shù)名詞，并且空處作主語(yǔ)，填they。(4)如果空格前文出現(xiàn)了復(fù)數(shù)名詞，并且空處作賓語(yǔ)，填them?！倦S堂演練】介詞、冠詞和代詞題集中特訓(xùn)Ⅰ.專項(xiàng)演練解題提示：認(rèn)真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，先判斷哪一類詞，再根據(jù)句意確定填哪個(gè)詞。1.(2023·廣州高三一模)ForLucy,nothingbeatstraveling,whichshedescribed____________herfavoritepartofbeingalive.2.(2023·長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)一模)Studieshaveshownthatstudentswhousehandwritingtotakenotesinclassrememberinformationbetter—improvingtheirscores____________asmuchas44percent.3.(2023·佛山高三一模)Confucius(孔子)was____________extraordinaryeducatorandphilosopher,andfoundedConfucianism.4.(2023·玉林高三一模)“AccusingtheBritish____________havingnosenseofhumorisliketellingRolls－Roycethatitscarsaredown－market.”5.(2023·遼西地區(qū)高三大聯(lián)考)Weusebicyclestodayforrecreation,fitnessandsoon.____________thebicycle,muchoftheworldmightstopworking!6.(2023·南陽(yáng)一模)Iwonderhowrelevantchemistryis____________thesestudents,mostofwhomwillbegoingbacktotheirvillageafterYear8anyway.7.(2023·新鄉(xiāng)一模)Forfearofbeinglaughedat，hehasdecidedtowithdraw____________thepetition.8.(2023·深圳高三一模)Nowweknowthattheyhave____________samefeaturesthatcanalsobefoundinsharksaroundAustraliaandtheSouthSea.9.(2023·廣州高三期中考試)“Itisnotmonfordesignersandengineerstobuild____________newrockettypewithinjustovertwoyears，”saidSongZhengyu,LongMarch－8’schiefdesigner.10.(2023·巴中高三一診考試)AfterIthankedhismotherformorerice,HuanHuanfinallycalledmeoutside____________aprivatechat.11.(2023·福州期末)WhenIstudiedEnglishliteratureatuniversity，Ithought____________besttobuildmyownlibrary.12.(2023·衡水中學(xué)二調(diào))Employing3Dlaserscanningtechnology，theresearchersdigitallyrecordtheshapes，colorsandotherfinedetailsofthegrottoesandlaterreproduce____________byusing3Dprintingtechnology.13.(2023·云南一模)IthaslongbeenadreamfortheLaopeopletoseetheircountrychangefromaland－lockedcountry____________a“l(fā)and－linkedone”，andtheopeningofthenewrailwayisabigsteptowardturningtheirdreamintoreality.14.(2023·重慶一模)ItbeganonJanuary19andfinished____________theearlymorningofJanuary20.15.(2023·珠海二模)Analysisofelementsintherelicsindicatessourcessimilar____________thoseofotherculturesalongtheYangtzeRiver.16.(2023·沈陽(yáng)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)三)ThehistoryofBeijingglasswaredatesbacktotheearlyMingDynasty.____________issaidthatwhenpeoplesmelted(熔煉)bronze,theydiscoveredthatsomewastematerialscouldformbeautifulcolors.17.(2023·臺(tái)州市高三調(diào)研)Youcouldbuysecondhandclothing,too,as____________usefulwaytoextendthelifespan(壽命)ofitemsalreadycreated.18.(2023·浙江高三第一次適應(yīng)性考試)Plus,theycancreateandmaintainimportantwildlifehabitatsrichingrassesandpromote____________growthoftrees,wildflowersandothervariousplants.19.(2023·重慶南開(kāi)中學(xué)高三質(zhì)檢)Inthesurveypartofthestudy,participantswhofrequentlylistenedtomusicduringthedayweremorelikelytoreportpersistentnight－timeearworms,whichthenhad____________negativeeffectonsleepqualitythroughthenight.20.(2023·南京高三調(diào)研)Alwayskeep____________inmindthatameasureofhopewilltakeyouthroughtheunpleasantsituation.Ⅱ.模擬沖關(guān)解題提示：解題時(shí)，請(qǐng)尤其關(guān)注無(wú)提示詞題。(2023·合肥高三一模)ItisfamiliartousChinesethattheyearof2023istheYearoftheRabbit,1.____________remindsusofthe“rabbit”onthemoon,China’sYutu－2lunarrover(月球車).TheYutu－2isnamed2.____________thepetrabbitoftheChinesemoongoddessChang’January3,2019,theroverwasbroughttothefarsideofthemoonbyChina’sChang’e－4lunarwasthefirst－eversoftlandingonthe3.____________(previous)unchartedareaofthelunarsurface.TheChang’e－4lunarprobeconsistsofalanderandtheYutu－2itslaunch,arelaysatellite4.____________(send)intospaceinMay2018tofacilitateearth－moonfar,theroverhascollected5.____________(value)dataonsolarwind,soil,gel－likerocksanddeaddataandimagessentbackbytheYutu－2haveenhancedgeographyknowledgeofthelandingsite,6.____________(deepen)understandingoftheformationandevolutionofthemoon.Ofthemanypicturesofthelunarlandscape7.____________(take)bytheYutu－2,onesquareobjectcausedgreatdebateamongpeopleontheroverfinallyapproachedtheobject,itturnedouttobe8.____________rabbit－shapedaninterestingcoincidence!TheYutu－29.____________(travel)morethan1,400metersonthefarsideofthemoontillwillcontinuetouncovermore10.____________(mystery)ofthemoon.(2023·日照統(tǒng)考一模)ArobothasbeentaughttolaughatjokestomakeitmoreareusingAItotrainrobotsaboutappropriatelaughter,and1.____________(distinguish)betweenchucklesandscreams.Theydescribed2.____________(work)witharobotcalledEricainthehopeofmakingaconversationmorenatural.“Wethinkthatoneoftheimportant3.____________(function)ofconversationalAIissympathy，”saidDrKojiInoue,aprofessor.“Aconversationis,ofcourse,multimodal,notjustrespondingwedecidedthatonewayarobotcanempathize(共情youcannotdowithatext－basedchatbot.”Creatinga“___________(share)laughter”model,theresearchersusedAItohelpdetectlaughteranddecidewhethertolaughandwhatkindoflaughterwouldbe6.____________(good).FourshortdialoguesbetweenrealpeopleandErica7.____________(use)totestthesystem,whichperformedwell.However,theexpertssaidthereismoreworktodotocreate___________(true)naturallaughtersituations.DrInouesaid,“Therobotshouldactuallyhave___________distinctcharacter,anditcanshowthischaracterthroughitsconversationalbehaviors,suchaslaughing,eyegaze,gesturesandspeakingmaywelltakemorethan10to20yearsbeforewecanfinallyhaveacasualchat10.____________arobotlikewewouldwithafriend.”參考答案熱點(diǎn)考向1熱點(diǎn)考向2熱點(diǎn)考向3隨堂演練Ⅱ.eq\x(A)【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了中國(guó)的“玉兔二號(hào)”月球車的探月過(guò)程及其產(chǎn)生的深遠(yuǎn)意義。[考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們中國(guó)人都很熟悉2023年是兔年，這讓我們想起了月球上的“兔子”——中國(guó)的“玉兔二號(hào)”月球車。此處是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞指代前面整句話的內(nèi)容，作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。][考查介詞。句意：“玉兔二號(hào)”以中國(guó)月亮女神嫦娥的寵物兔子命名。固定搭配benamedafter“以……名字命名”，after是介詞。故填after。][考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：這是有史以來(lái)第一次軟著陸月球表面的先前未知的區(qū)域。此處修飾形容詞uncharted，應(yīng)用副詞，作狀語(yǔ)。故填previously。]4.wassent[考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：在它發(fā)射之前，2018年5月，一顆中繼衛(wèi)星被送入太空，以促進(jìn)地月通信。根據(jù)inMay2018可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，send與arelaysatellite是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂