單詞及詞組分組辨析

1.clothes,cloth,clothingclothes統(tǒng)指各種衣服，謂語動詞永遠(yuǎn)是復(fù)數(shù)，cloth

指布，為不可數(shù)名詞clothing服裝的總稱

指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof

2.incident,accident

incident指小事件,accident指不幸的事故Hewaskilledintheaccident.

3.amount,number

amount后接不可數(shù)名詞，number后接可數(shù)名詞anumberofstudents

4.family,house,home

home家，包括住處和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成員。

Myfamilyisahappyone.

5.sound,voice,noise

sound自然界各種各樣的聲音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音Ihatethe

loudnoiseoutside.

6.photo,picture,drawing

photo用照相機(jī)拍攝的照片，picture可指相片，圖片，電影片，drawing

畫的畫

Let'sgoandseeagoodpicture.

7.vocabulary,word

vocabulary詞匯，一個(gè)人擁有的單詞量，word具體的單詞Hehasa

largevocabulary.

8.population,people

population人口，人數(shù)，people具體的人Chinahasalargepopulation.

9.weather,climate

weather一天內(nèi)具體的天氣狀況，climate長期的氣候狀況Theclimate

hereisnotgoodforyou.

10.road,street,path,way

road具體的公路，馬路，street街道，path小路，小徑，way道路，

途徑

takethisroad;inthestreet,Showmethewaytothemuseum.

11.course,subject

course課程（可包括多門科目）,subject科目（具體的學(xué)科）asummer

course

12.custom,habit

custom傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗，習(xí)俗，也可指生活習(xí)慣，后接todo,habit生活習(xí)

慣，習(xí)慣成自然，后接ofdoing.

I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.

13.cause,reason

cause指造成某一事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的直接原因，后接ofsth./doingsth,

reason用來解釋某種現(xiàn)象或

結(jié)果的理由，后接forsth./doingsth.thereasonforbeinglate

14.exercise,exercises,practice

exercise運(yùn)動，鍛煉（不可數(shù)）,exercises練習(xí)（可數(shù)）,practice（反復(fù)做的）

練習(xí)。

Practicemakesperfect.

15.class,lesson

作“課”解時(shí)，兩者可以替換。指課文用lesson.指班級或全體學(xué)生用

class.Lesson6;Class5

16.speech,talk,lecturespeech指在公共場所所做的經(jīng)過準(zhǔn)備的較

正式的演說，talk日常生活中的一般的談話，講話，lecture

學(xué)術(shù)性的演講,講課aseriesoflectureon…

17.officer,official

officer部隊(duì)的軍官,official政府官員anarmyofficer

18.work,job

二者均指工作。work不可數(shù)，job可數(shù)agoodjobo

19.couple,pair

couple主要指人或動物，pair多指由兩部分組成的東西apairof

trousers

20.country,nation,state,land

country側(cè)重指版圖,疆域,nation指人民,國民，民族,state側(cè)重

指政府，政體，land國土，

國家Thewholenationwassadatthenews.

21.cook,cooker

cook廚師，cooker廚具Heisagoodcook.

22.damage,damages

damage不可數(shù)名詞，損害，損失;damages復(fù)數(shù)形式，賠償金$900

damages

23.police,policeman

police警察的總稱，后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞，policeman指某個(gè)具體的警察

Thepolicearequestioning

everyoneinthehouse.

24.problem,question

problem常和困難連系,前面的動詞常為thinkabout,solve,raise,

question常和疑問連系，

多和ask,answer連用。

25.man,aman

man人類，aman一個(gè)男人Manwillconquernature.

26.chick,chicken

二者均可指小雞，chicken還可以當(dāng)雞肉Thechickenisdelicious.

27.telegram,telegraph

當(dāng)電報(bào)解時(shí)，telegram指具體的，telegraph指抽象的atelegram,by

telegraph

28.trip,journey,travel,voyage

travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途,journey指稍長的旅途，voyage

指海上航行athree-daytrip

29.sport,game

sport多指戶外的游戲或娛樂活動，如打球，游泳，打獵，賽馬等;game

指決定勝負(fù)的游戲，通常有一套

規(guī)則Hisfavoritesportisswimming.

30.price,prize

price價(jià)格，prize獎(jiǎng)，獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金winthefirstprizeThepriceishigh/low

31.anumberof,thenumberofanumberof許多，謂語動詞用復(fù)

數(shù)。thenumberof…的數(shù)目，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Thenumberof

studentsisincreasing.

32.infrontof,inthefrontof

infrontof范圍外的前面，inthefrontof范圍內(nèi)的前面Inthefrontof

theroomsitsaboy.

33.oftheday,ofaday

oftheday每一天的，當(dāng)時(shí)的，當(dāng)代的，ofaday暫時(shí)的，不長久的a

famousscientistoftheday

34.threeofus,thethreeofus

threeofus我們（不止三個(gè)）中的三個(gè),thethreeofus我們?nèi)齻€(gè)（就三個(gè)

人）Thethreeofus

---Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.

35.bybus,onthebus

bybus表手段，方式，不用冠詞，onthebus表范圍Theywentthereby

bus.

36.foramoment,forthemoment

foramoment片亥ij,——會兒，forthemoment暫時(shí)，一時(shí)‘Thinkingfora

moment,heagreed.

37.nextyear,thenextyear

nextyear明年，將來時(shí)間狀語，thenextyear第二年，過去將來時(shí)間

狀語

Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.

38.morethanayear,morethanoneyear

morethanayear一年多，morethanoneyear超過一年(兩年或三年等)

39.takeadvice,takethe(one's)advice

takeadvice征求意見，taketheadvice接受忠告Herefusedtotakethe

adviceandfailedagain.

40.takeair,taketheair

takeair傳播，走漏，taketheair到戶外去，散步Wetaketheairevery

day.

41.inaword,inwords

inaword總之，一句話，inwords口頭上Inaword,youareright.

42.inplaceof,intheplaceof

inplaceof代替，intheplaceof在…地方Anewbuildingisbuiltinthe

placeoftheoldone.

43.insecret,inthesecret

insecret秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作狀語;inthesecret知道內(nèi)

情，知道秘密，

一般用作表語Mymotherwasinthesecretfromthebeginning.

44.agirl,onegirl

agirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一個(gè)女孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabig

box?

45.takeachair,takethechair

takeachair相當(dāng)于sitdown坐下,takethechair開始開會

50.inchargeof,inthechargeofinchargeof管理，負(fù)責(zé)照料，in

thechargeof由...照料Heisinchargeofthematter.

Thematterisinthechargeofher.

51.inclass,intheclass

inclass在課上，intheclass在班級里Heisthebeststudentintheclass.

52.onfire,onthefire

onfire著火，onthefire在“＜上Putthefoodonthefire.Thehouseison

fire.

53.outofquestion,outofthequestion

outofquestion毫無疑問的，outofthequestion不可能的

54.asecond,thesecond

asecond又一，再一，thesecond第...Hewonthesecondprize.

55.byday,bytheday

byday白天，bytheday按天計(jì)?算Theworkersarepaidbytheday.

56.thepeople,apeople

thepeople指人，apeople指民族TheChineseisapeace-lovingpeople.

57.it,one

it同——物體，one同類不同——Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.

58.that,this

that指代上文所提到的，this導(dǎo)出下文所要說的Iwasill.That's

why….

59.none,nothing,noone

none強(qiáng)調(diào)有多少，nothing,noone強(qiáng)調(diào)有沒有，nothing指物，noone

指人

--Howmany???/Howmuch????■一None.

60.anyone,anyone

anyone指人,不能接of,anyone指人物均可,可接ofanyoneofyou

61.who,whatwho指姓名或關(guān)系，what指職業(yè)或地位Whatis

yourdad?Heisateacher.

62.what,which

what的選擇基礎(chǔ)是無限制的，which在一定范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇

Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?

63.other,another

other后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)，another后接名詞單數(shù)otherstudents,another

student

64.notalittle,notabit

notalittle非常，notabit一點(diǎn)也不I'mnotabittired.我一點(diǎn)兒也不累。

65.many,much,alotof

many和可數(shù)名詞連用，much和不可數(shù)名詞連用，alotof可數(shù)，不可

數(shù)均可，但不用于否定句

Ihaven'tmanybooks.

66.muchmore…than,manymore…than

muchmore…than后接形容詞或不可數(shù)名詞，manymore…than后

接可數(shù)名詞manymore

people,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful

67.no,not

no=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendnowater=notanywater

68.nomorethan,notmorethan

nomorethan相當(dāng)于only,僅僅，只有，notmorethan至多，不超過

69.majority,most

majority只能修飾可數(shù)名詞，most可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可themajorityof

people

70.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneself

byoneself單獨(dú)的，獨(dú)自的，foroneself為自己，tooneself供自己用

的，ofoneself自行的，

自動的Thedooropenedofitself.

71.atall,afterall

atall根本,全然,afterall到底，畢竟Afterallheisachild.

72.tall,high

tall常指人或動物,high常指物體Heistall.

73.fast,quickly

fast側(cè)重于指人或物體具有運(yùn)動速度快的特點(diǎn)，quickly側(cè)重指某事完

成或發(fā)生的快

runfast,answerthequestionquickly

74.high,highly

high具體的高，highly抽象的高,高度的thinkhighlyof

75.healthy,healthful

healthy健康的，健壯的，healthful有益于健康的healthfulexercise

76.sleeping,asleep,sleepysleeping正在睡覺，asleep睡著,熟睡,

只能做表語，sleepy困的，有睡意的

asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.I'msleepy.

77.gold,golden

gold指真金制品,golden指金色的，但金魚用goldfish,agoldring

78.most,mostly

most用于表感受的肯定句中，相當(dāng)于very,當(dāng)大部分，大多數(shù)解時(shí)是

形容詞或名詞，

mostly大部分,是副J詞mostpeople,thepeoplearemostly???

79.just,very

just表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是副詞，作狀語，very表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是形容詞，用作定語the

veryman,justtheman

80.wide,broad

wide側(cè)重于一邊到另一邊的距離，broad側(cè)重于幅面的寬廣broad

shoulders

81.real,true

real真的，真實(shí)的，指的是事實(shí)上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真

正的，指的是事實(shí)和實(shí)際情況相符合

realgold,atruestory

82.respectful,respectable

respectful尊敬，有禮貌，respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的berespectful

totheaged

83.outwards,outward

二者均可用作副詞，表示向外，外面，outward還可用作形容詞an

outwardvoyage

84.pleasant,pleased,pleasing

pleasant常用作定語，pleased,pleasing常用作表語，pleased主語常為

人，

pleasing主語常為物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.

85.understanding,understandable

understanding明白事理的，能體諒的，understandable可理解的，能

夠懂的

anunderstandinggirl,anunderstandablemistake

86.close,closely

close接近，靠近，closely緊緊地，緊密地closelyconnected,standclose

87.ill,sick

ill做表語，sick定，表均可asickboy

88.good,well

good形容詞,well副詞，但指身體狀況是形容詞Heiswellagain.

89.quiet,silent,still

quiet安靜的，可以發(fā)出小的聲音，silent不發(fā)出聲音，但可以動，still完

全不動，完全無聲響

Hestandtherestill.他站在那兒，一動不動，也不說話。

90.hard,hardly

hard努力，hardly幾乎不workhard,Icanhardlybelieveit.

91.able,capableable與不定式todo連用，capable與of連用

Heiscapableofdoing…

92.almost,nearly

二者均為"幾乎,差不多"和否定詞連用用almostalmostnobody

93.late,lately

late遲，晚，lately最近，近來Ihaven'tseenhimlately.

94.living,alive,live,lively

living,alive,live均為活著的，living定表均可,alive定表均可,定語后

置,live只能做

定語，lively意為活波的allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive

95.excited,exciting

excited使人興奮的，exciting令人興奮的I'mexcited.Thenewsis

exciting.

96.deep,deeply

deep具體的深,deeply抽象的深，深深地deeplymoved,digdeep

97.aloud,loud

aloud出聲地，loud大聲地readaloud(出聲地讀)

98.worth,worthy

二者均為值得，worth后接doing,worthy后接tobedonel26.care

about,carefor

careabout關(guān)心，計(jì)較，在乎，一般多用于否定句中;carefor關(guān)心，照料,

喜歡，愿意

Hedoesn'tcareabouthisclothes.Idon'tcareformovies.

99catchacold,haveacold

catchacold不能和表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語連用，而haveacold可以

Shehashadacoldforaweek.

100.changefor,changeinto

changefor調(diào)換成，changeinto變成

Changetheshirtforabiggerone.Waterchangesintoice.

101.continue,last

二者均為持續(xù)，continue主動，被動均可，last只能用主動

Thewarcontinued/lastedfiveyears.Thestoryistobecontinued.

102.feed,raise

feed喂養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)活，飼養(yǎng)(togivefoodto),raise飼養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育(causetogrow,

bringupchildren)

raisethefamily

103.goforadoctor,gotoadoctor

goforadoctor去請醫(yī)生，gotoadoctor去看病

104.notice,observe,catchsightof

notice注意到,observe觀察，仔細(xì)地看，catchsightof突然看到

observethestars

105.insiston,stickto

insiston堅(jiān)持要求，后常接doing,stickto堅(jiān)持,后常接sth.,stickto

theplan

106.look,seem,appearlook指從外表上看，seem指內(nèi)心的判斷，

appear指給人以表面的印象appearwise,

looklikehisfather

107.gather,collect

gather把分散的東西集中到一起，collect指精心地、有選擇地進(jìn)行收

集collectstamps

108.meantodo,meandoing

meantodo打算，想要做某事，meandoing意思是，意味著

BythisImeangivingthestudentsmorepractice.

109.diefrom,dieof

diefrom表示死于（槍）傷，虛弱，過度勞累，飲食過度等，dieof表示

死于疾病，饑餓，

寒冷，年老,憂愁，失戀等精神因素dieofhungerandcold

110.payfor,payback,payoff

payfor為…付錢，payback還錢，但不一定還清，payoff還清payfor

thebook,payoffthedebt

111.divide,separate

divide把一個(gè)整體分成幾部分，separate把連在一起的個(gè)體分開

dividetheapple,separatethehouses

112.arrive,get,reach

arrive不及物動詞,后接in（大地點(diǎn)），at（小地點(diǎn)）,get不及物動詞后

接to,reach及物動詞