./UNIT2RememberingandForgettingIn-ClassReadingSpecialDelivery特種快遞到了機場,我才發(fā)現(xiàn)我兄弟搭乘的航班延誤了一個小時.通常我在機場等候接人時,會把時間消磨在觀看飛機起落上.可那天晚上我頭疼得厲害.我想噴氣發(fā)動機發(fā)出的噪音會使我頭疼更厲害,于是決定在機場內(nèi)逛一會兒.當(dāng)我走過那些店鋪時,碰巧看到陳列在那兒的航空箱包,這使我想起了自己的公文包.我這才意識到公文包沒在身上.我馬上努力回憶會把它遺忘在了哪里.自從離開航空公司票務(wù)柜臺后,我沒有在其他任何地方停留過,所以我推想,我一定是把包留在那里了.我急忙回去取,可是公文包已無影無蹤.起先我確信一定是有人順手把它拿走了,但隨后又想,也有可能看到包的人已把它交給了柜臺,于是便在票務(wù)柜臺排隊等候.輪到我時,我描述了包的特征,并詢問是否有人把它交到了柜臺.那位航空公司代理搖了搖頭.這時我朝他身后的行李輸送帶瞥了一眼,輸送帶正把行李從辦理登機手續(xù)處往下面的裝貨區(qū)傳送.我大聲叫道："我的包在那兒！"然而,當(dāng)代理回頭看時,公文包已傳送到輸送帶的盡頭,突然消失了."你看到你的包了？"代理問我."是的！"我大聲說."它剛穿過那邊那個入口.這下我怎樣才能把它取回來呢？""這不難,"代理回答說."把你的行李領(lǐng)取憑證給我,我想我們能夠在裝機前截住它.""可我沒有行李憑證！"我答道."我沒辦托運！我哪兒都不去.我是來接人的."我平靜了一下情緒,解釋了事情的經(jīng)過,并指出很可能有人把包交到了柜臺,而某位代理把它和其他行李一起辦了托運并放到了傳送帶上.代理告訴我,能找回包的唯一辦法是,填寫一張認(rèn)領(lǐng)單,在上面寫清公文包的外觀特征.等我填完表格,代理打電話到下面的行李區(qū)查詢時,包已被裝上了一架航班,但不知是哪一架.代理記下了我的電話號碼,并保證他們一找到包就給我打電話.盡管我住在蘇城,離機場有一個半小時的車程,他們還是會一找到包就把它送到我家來.我兄弟的航班到了.我們?nèi)×怂南渥雍蟊阕呦蛲＼噲稣椅业能?回家的路上我把公文包的事告訴了他.到了家,我們把行李從車上卸下來.當(dāng)我兄弟從車?yán)锬贸鲆恢还陌鼤r,我真不敢相信自己的眼睛.原以為已丟失的公文包其實根本就沒有被帶進(jìn)機場！它一直躺在后座的地上.我意識到,此時此刻航空公司的人正在飛往丹佛、圣路易斯和芝加哥的航班上逐一檢查核對行李,尋找我的公文包.一想到要打電話告訴他們我已經(jīng)在自己的車?yán)镎业搅税?心里真叫痛苦.我們進(jìn)屋時電話鈴正響著.接電話時,我驚呆了.電話里一位航空公司的工作人員說："我們有好消息告訴你！我們在丹佛找到了你的公文包,十一點前應(yīng)該到這里.午夜后不久便能送到你家."After-classReading遺忘的益處我們在某個時候都曾希望擁有完美的記憶力,想要記住事情的每一個細(xì)節(jié).我們會遺忘在學(xué)校和家里學(xué)到的很多東西,這太糟糕了.如果我們對過去的記憶既不準(zhǔn)確又不完整,我們又怎么能夠做出符合實際的自我評價呢？然而,完美的記憶力并不總像人們想象的那么美好.有這樣一個關(guān)于俄羅斯記者S的故事.他只需看上幾秒鐘便能記住長串的數(shù)字、單詞和許多頁電話號碼簿上的內(nèi)容.甚至在多年以后,他仍能將這些長串的信息倒背如流.他還記得他第一次記這些材料時的情景.S用各種各樣的記憶"竅門"幫助自己記憶.其中的許多竅門涉及在大腦中形成圖像.不過,你不必羨慕他,因為他有一個很嚴(yán)重的問題：不會遺忘.那些大腦中的圖像老是浮現(xiàn)在他眼前,使他分心,無法集中注意力.有時甚至連與人作簡單的交談都成問題,因為對方的話會讓他想起其他東西.事實上,人們把他描述成一個遲鈍的人.最終,S無法勝任自己的工作,只好以"記憶專家"的身份游走于各個地方,向人們展示他的才能,以此來謀生.擁有這種記憶問題的人的例子還有很多.他們來自很多不同國家,說各種不同的語言.或許你仍然認(rèn)為擁有完美的記憶力是一件好事.那么,設(shè)想一下記住一切會是什么情形.每當(dāng)你回憶過去時,你不但會記起你經(jīng)歷中的精華,還會記得毫無價值的瑣事.記憶也許會花上你數(shù)小時,而不是片刻.你頭腦中也許會一片混亂,使你無法把信息組織好.有了完美的記憶力,你也許會記住那些最好能忘記的東西.難道你真想記住每次憤怒的爭吵,每個你所犯的錯誤,以及生命中每個痛苦的瞬間嗎？"記住一切"會對你和家人、朋友的關(guān)系產(chǎn)生什么影響？成功地建立一種親密關(guān)系是否有可能取決于一定程度的遺忘呢？或許只有把那些不愉快的記憶鎖進(jìn)記憶的角落里不再去想它們,才有可能自信和樂觀呢？如果你記住這些,你就能理解為什么完美的記憶力不是我們該擁有的最佳記憶力.就像牢記一樣,某種程度的遺忘有助于我們的正常生活.那么,有益的遺忘和有害的遺忘之間的界線在哪里呢？如果你可以選擇,你會選擇清楚地記住哪些東西,又讓哪些東西從你的記憶中消失呢？這是需要思考的問題.課內(nèi)閱讀練習(xí)答案PartOnePreparation1ExpressionsRelatedtoMemorySTEPONEIfaword,expression,etc.isonthetipofyourtongue,youusuallyknowitbuthavedifficultyrememberingitatthatmoment.〔就在嘴邊的,差一點就能想起的Whenyousaysomeone’sheadislikeasieveorsomeonehasamemorylikeasieve,youmeanthattheyforgetthingsveryeasily.〔記性壞,健忘Ifyourmindgoesblankorhasgoneblank,youaresuddenlynotabletorememberafactorpieceofinformationatatimewhenyouneedit.〔腦子一片空白Ifapieceofinformationgoesinoneearandouttheother,itisheardbuteitherignoredorquicklyforgotten.〔一只耳朵進(jìn)一只耳朵出,當(dāng)作耳邊風(fēng)STEPTWO1B2D3A4C2DoYouHaveaGoodMemory?STEPTWOSampleIgot16inthisquiz.Accordingtotheresults,Ihaveagoodmemory.IcansayI’mextremelygoodatrememberingfactsandfiguresforexams,birthdays,telephonenumbers,etc.,butIhaveapoormemoryforrememberingthingslikewhatIhadfordinner,whatIwaswearing,etc.Ithinkapersoncanrememberwhattheyneedandwanttoremember.Inotherwords,one’spurposeandmotivationmakeitpossibleforthemtorecallfacts.Theymayfinditdifficulttorememberfactsaboutthegeographyofacountrythatdoesn’tinterestthem,butcaneasilyrememberthingsaboutthecountrythey’regoingtovisit.Why?Becausetheyaremotivatedandthishelpsthemtoconcentrate.Increasedconcentration,inturn,makestheinformationeasiertoremember.Tosumup,one’spurposedictateswhattolookforandremember,andthereforedirectstheirattentiontowhattheywanttoknow.STEPTHREESampleYes,Ioncehadaveryembarrassingexperience.Oneday,whenIwaswalkingonthestreet,IsawayoungladynoddingandsmilingatmeandIbegantowonderwhoshewas.Whensheapproached,sheaskedmeaboutmycollegelifeinthepasttwoweeks.ThoughIdidn’tknowwhomIwastalkingto,Itoldhereverything,includingthefactthatIcouldseldomseemyadvisorandhadnoonetoturntoforhelp.Anoddsmilecrossedherfaceandshelookedalittlebitembarrassed.Thenshegavemeaphonenumberalongwithhername.ItwasthenthatIrealizedshewasactuallymyadvisor.Well,Ithinkallofusmayfeelembarrassedwhenweforgetsomeimportantthingssuchasafriend’sbirthdayoranappointment.Ihadsuchanexperienceaboutayearago.Oneofmyfriends,Grace,invitedmetoherhomethefollowingSaturday,andIpromisedIwouldbethereontime.WhenIarrived,IsawsomeofourclassmateswerethereandeachofthemhadbroughtapresentforGrace.Itturnedoutthatthatdaywasherbirthday.Ifeltveryembarrassed,butIthoughtIhadtodosomethingtocoverupmyembarrassment.So,Iwentuptoherandsaid,"Gosh,Grace,youneverseemtoage,soIneverrememberyourbirthday."3HowtoRememberClearly?STEPONEInSpeechBubble1,themanisformingamentalpictureofthethingshewantstobuy.InSpeechBubble2,themanisrepeatingthethingshewantstobuy.InSpeechBubble3,themanistryingtorememberhisshoppinglistbyinventingastory.InSpeechBubble4,themanisformingmeaningfulconnectionsbetweenthethingshewantstobuyandthelettersintheword"CANDY".STEPTWOSampleWhenI’mtryingtomemorizefactsforexams,Ialwaysrepeatthemanumberoftimes.ThemoreIdothis,theeasieritistoremember.Evenso,Ithink,repetition,byitself,isnotenough.Sometimes,IwilltryothermeanstomemorizewhatIamtryingtoremember.Iwillaskquestions,thinkaboutthetopicinrelationtomyownexperience,ordiscussissueswithmyclassmates.SometimesIusethemethodofformingmeaningfulconnectionstorememberEnglishwords.Forexample,whentryingtorememberwhetherIshouldusetheword"principle"or"principal",ItellmyselfthataprincipleisaruleandaprincipalismypalandthenIcanusetheappropriateword.Besides,Ikeepadiarytorecordmymemories.WhenIgotonewplaces,Ibuysouvenirsortakephotographstoremindmeoftheplacesandpeoplethere.Sometimessongshelpmerememberthings,too.Forexample,"YesterdayOnceMore"wasmyfavoritesonginhighschool.Nowthesongalwaysbringsbackpleasantmemoriesofmyhighschoollife.Apartfromthemethodsmentionedinthepicture,Iwillusethemethodof"chunking"tomemorizenumbers.Ifindit’sagoodwaybecausechunkinginvolvesgroupingmaterialstogetherratherthanlearningeachitemseparately.Forexample,whenmyfriendtoldmehistelephonenumberis05718820××××,Igroupedthe12numbersintothreechunks,"0571","8820","××××",itwasfareasiertoremember.PartTwoReading-CenteredActivitiesIn-ClassReadingPost-ReadingReadingComprehension11brother2late3land4takeoff5noise6worse7briefcase8counter9on10loading11get12have13claimform14delivered/sent15airport16unloaded17never18realized19flights20midnight21F2F3F4F5T6F7T8FSampleIwouldsay:"ImustapologizefortheterriblemistakeImadewithmybriefcase.WhenmybrotherandIgothome,tomygreatestsurprise,wefoundmybriefcasewaslyingonthefloorinthebackseatofmycar.SothebriefcaseyoufoundinDenvermustbesomeoneelse’s.I’mterriblysorrytohaveputyoutosomuchtrouble.Thankyouverymuchforwhatyou’vedoneforme."TheairlineworkerswouldhavetofindtherealownerofthebriefcasetheyfoundinDenver.Theyalsohadtoapologizetotheownerforthelatearrivalofthebriefcasethemistakehadcaused.Vocabulary11Bajourneyinaplaneanairplanethattakespeopleonaparticularjourney2Awaitforsb.;greetsb.seesb.accidentally3Aleavethegroundandstartflyingbecomesuccessfulorpopular4Bendorbringsth.toanenddecidethatsth.istrueafterconsideringalltheinformationyouhave5Aanypersonwhonomatterwho6Banopinionorideawhatareyouabletosay7Bexaminesth.tomakesurethatitissafe,correct,ingoodcondition,etc.leavebaggage,etc.readyforshipment8Asayorshowsth.inanindirectwayproposeaplanorideaforsb.todiscussorconsider9AanareaoflandusedforaparticularpurposealargeamountornumberBAcausingphysicalpainBupsettingorunpleasant21off2in3down4for5of6in7off8on9out/in10from31concluded2vanish3delivery4exclaimed5display6whoever7promise8agent9claims10opening41meetherflight2wasdelayedforanhour3watchplaneslandandtakeoff4hurriedback5couldn’tbelievemyeyes6remindedmeof7byanychance8vanishedfromsight9calmdownabit10headformycarintheparkinglot11glancedovertheshoulderofamannearby12happenedto13shortlyaftermidnight14unloadedthecar15deliverittoheraddressTranslationThatsongalwaysremindedherofthenightshespentinChicago.Therehappenedtobeapolicemanonthecorner,soIaskedhimtheway.AllflightstoNewYorktodayare/weredelayedbecauseofthebadweather.Whoeverisresponsiblewillhavetopayforthedamage.WhenIgothomeIfoundmybriefcasemissing.Imusthaveleftitsomewhereinthehotel.Bythetimehehadworked30yearsinthemiddleschool,thenumberofstudentshadincreasedtoover2,000.3FillingOutaClaimFormReportaLostItemPleasefilloutthefollowingform,alongwithadescriptionoftheitem.ForTravelers,Commuters,andLocalTransportationForlocalandcountrywidetravel,fillinrelevantfields.Skiptocontactsectionandcontinueifthisareadoesnotapply.DepartureCityLayover<ifapplicable>ArrivalCityHangzhouBeijingContactInformationNameLiWeiContactphonenumber0571-8572XXXXContacte-mailaddressliwei@ContactaddressDepartmentofInformationScienceandElectronicEngineering,ZhejiangUniversity,310027LostItemInformationItemNameTravelingbagColorDarkblueSizeMedium-sizedBrandLiNingCompletedescriptionandcontentsoflostitemItisadarkblue,medium-sizedwheelednylontravelingbagwithwhiteleathertrim.TherearethreeT-shirts<navyblue,whiteandred>,twopairsofbluejeans,somewhitesocks,abookaboutcomputerprogramming,somecashandacoupleofthingsfordailyuse.LocationInformationLocationwheretheitemwaslastseenItwaslastseenwhenIwasabouttocheckinatthecheck-incounter.DatewhentheitemwaslastseenJuly6.PartThreeFurtherDevelopment我正準(zhǔn)備去沖杯咖啡,突然聽到很響的敲門聲.她上午打掃的房子,下午就被孩子們弄得一團(tuán)糟.他開始是個小職員,后來開了自己的工廠并發(fā)了財.我的朋友們都說,如果我當(dāng)初選擇了教師這一職業(yè),我會成為一名優(yōu)秀的教師.雖然委員會的一些成員并不贊成,