如何撰寫易被雜志接受的SCI醫(yī)學(xué)論文沃登編輯專業(yè)SCI論文服務(wù)品牌|SCI生物醫(yī)學(xué)論文翻譯|潤色|修改|投稿1Scientists,startingasgraduatestudents,aremeasuredprimarilynotbytheirdexterityinlaboratorymanipulations,notbytheirinnateknowledgeofeitherbroadornarrowscientificsubjects,andcertainlynotbytheirwitorcharm;theyaremeasured,andbecomeknown(orremainunknown)bytheirpublications.評價科學(xué)家2SCI論文根本要求新的結(jié)論支持或反對未定論理論的新證據(jù)證據(jù)充分、全面做論文寫論文3Ifatreefallsinaforestandthere'snoonetheretohearit,doesitmakeasound?樹倒下發(fā)出聲音了么？

4下鋪的哥們打呼嚕了么？

55.GraffJ,ZhouYH,ToriaU,etal.Mutationswithinpotential….JVirol2021;82:1185-1194..6.ZhouYH,etal.PositivereactionsonWesternblots….ImmunolCellBiol2007;85:73-78.7.ZhouY,EmersonSU.Heatshockcognateprotein….JClinVirol2006;36:S155.8.ChenZ,MoayeriM,ZhouYH,etal.Efficientneutralization….JInfectDis2006;193:625-633.9.ChenZ,(6)ZhouYH,etal.Chimpanzee….ProcNatlAcadSciUSA2006;103:1882-1887.10.LiYH,(6)ZhouYH,ZhuangH.Detectionof….JVirolMethods2005;130:45-50.11.ZhouYH,PurcellRH,EmersonSU.AtruncatedORF2protein….Vaccine2005;23:3157-3165.12.ZhouYH,etal.AnELISAforputativeneutralizing….Vaccine2004;22:2578-2585.13.ZhouYH.Prevalenceofnon-pneumonic….Lancet2004;363(9423):1825-1826.14.ZhouYH,ChenZ.Istheimmunesystemimpaired…?ClinInfectDis2004;38(6):921-922.15.LiG,ZhaoZ,ChenL,ZhouYH.MildSARS.EmergInfectDis2003;9(9):1182-1183.16.ZhouYH,SugitaniM,EsumiM.Sequencesinthe….ArchVirol2002;147(10):1955-1962.17.ZhouYH,TakekoshiM,etal.Recombinantantibody….AntiviralRes2002;56(1):51-59.18.EsumiM,ZhouYH,etal.Invivoandinvitro….Vaccine2002;20(25-26):3095-3103.19.GotoJ,(8)ZhouYH,etal.PreventionofhepatitisCvirus….HepatolRes2001;19(3):270-283.20.ZhouYH,ShimizuYK,EsumiM.Monoclonalantibodiesto….Virology2000;269(2):276-283.21.ZhouYH,etal.Multiplesequence-reactiveantibodies….Virology1999;256(2):360-370.22.EsumiM,(6)ZhouYH,etal.Experimentalvaccine….ArchVirol1999;144(5):973-980.23.EsumiM,AhmedM,ZhouYH,etal.Murineantibodies….Virology1998;251(1):158-164.SCI雜志發(fā)表論文√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√2.HuYL,ZhouYH.ConcernsonBacilleCalmette-Guerin….Vaccine2021;27(14):1987-1988.3.ZhouYH,WuC,ZhuangH.VaccinationagainsthepatitisB….ChinMedJ2021;122(1):98-102.4.HuYL,…,ZhouYH.Influenceofmaternalantibody….Vaccine2021;26(48):6064-6067.1.ZhangG,(5)ZhouYH.Triptolidepromotes…inrats.JEthnopharmacol2021;125(1):41-46.√6I.Introduction

II.MaterialsandMethodsIII.ResultsIV.Discussion

講解內(nèi)容VI.Title

V.Abstract

VIII.CasereportVII.Review

7I.如何撰寫Introduction

8英文中文研究目的篇幅背景知識理解評價較少較多++±+—++—中英文論文引言異同點如何撰寫Introduction

9如何撰寫Introduction

“TheIntroductionshouldcontainmaterialdirectlyrelevanttothepresentresearchandstateclearlytheaimsofthestudy.Itshouldsupplysufficientbackgroundinformationtoallowreaderstounderstandandevaluatetheresultsoftheinvestigationwithoutreferringtopreviouspublicationsonthetopic.Faircitationofreferences,ratherthananexhaustivereview,isessential.〞。背景知識2.

研究目的引言必須包括：10如何撰寫Introduction背景知識相關(guān)內(nèi)容：扼要、新知識研究側(cè)重點：全面有據(jù)可查其邏輯推理需合理使讀者能夠評價該研究的內(nèi)容11某種新抗生素腎損害人群中的藥物代謝動力學(xué)這種新抗生素在腎功能損害病人中出現(xiàn)副作用(盡可能引用所有相關(guān)參考文獻，證實)－－合理邏輯。如果無副作用這一事實背景－－不合理邏輯。如何撰寫Introduction12直接描述：ThisstudyinvestigatedtheprevalenceofHIVinfectionincommercialplasmadonorsinfivecountieslocatedincentralChina.研究目的：最重要，必須明確如何撰寫IntroductionThisbiologicallypuzzlingfindingpromptedustoquestionourinitialSV40DNAPCRresultsandtoinvestigatepossiblesourcesoffalsepositiveresults,aswellastoobtainsupportingdataonSV40statusattheRNAandproteinlevels.13研究目的“Specificgoalsofthisprotocolwere:(a)totestalotofrecombinanthepatitisEvaccinethathasbeentestedinhumans,(b)tocomparetwodifferentdosesofthevaccineforimmunogenicityandprotectiveefficacy,(c)to

comparetheimmunogenicityandprotectiveefficacyofoneinjectionversustwoinjectionsofvaccine,(d)todetermineifthevaccinecouldprotectagainstallgenotypesofHEVrecognizedatthetimeofthestudy,(e)todetermineifthevaccinecouldprotectagainstinfectionaswellashepatitis,and(f)todeterminetheminimumprotectivetiterofanti-HEV.標(biāo)題式描述：?Vaccine2003;21:2607-2615?如何撰寫Introduction14“….However,severalissuesremaintobeclarified:(1)Doesthecandidatevaccinedescribedabovecontainalltherelevantepitopes,orarethereimportantepitopesintheN-andC-terminalregionsofORF2orinORF3thatarenotincludedinthecandidatevaccine?(2)Areantibodiesdirectedagainsttheseexcludedregionscross-reactiveamongthefourknowngenotypes?(3)IsitpossibletouseHEVpeptidesderivedfromtheseexcludedregionstoidentifyHEVinfectioninvaccinatedindividuals?〞...“Thesequentialserumsamplesobtainedfromthesenon-vaccinatedandvaccinatedmonkeysafterchallengewithHEVwereusedtoanswerthequestionsposedabove.〞問題式描述：?Vaccine2005;23:3157-3165?如何撰寫Introduction研究目的15如何撰寫Introduction引言中不必描述的內(nèi)容教科書不是研究側(cè)重點與論文內(nèi)容無關(guān)其他扼要結(jié)果：視雜志要求而定邏輯順序：以讀者容易理解為原那么16英語時態(tài)－－現(xiàn)在時態(tài)“Peirisetaldemonstratedthatsevereacuterespiratorysyndromeiscausedbyanewlyidentifiedcoronavirus.〞“Peirisetalhavedemonstratedthatsevereacuterespiratorysyndromeiscausedbyanewlyidentifiedcoronavirus.〞如果強調(diào)發(fā)現(xiàn)的時間，那么就只能使用過去時態(tài)，即“In2003,Peirisetaldemonstratedthatsevereacuterespiratorysyndromeiscausedbyanewlyidentifiedcoronavirus.〞，這時就不能再用“In2003,Peirisetalhavedemonstratedthat….〞。用“…iscausedby….〞，而不用“…wascausedby….〞，如何撰寫Introduction17引言實例1：負面例子題目：Combinedtherapywithtranscatheterarterialchemoembolizationandpercutaneousmicrowavecoagulationforsmallhepatocellularcarcinoma續(xù)下頁肝動脈化療栓塞和經(jīng)皮微波凝固聯(lián)合治療小肝癌18

Surgicalresection

[1],transcatheterarterialchemoembolization

(TACE),andpercutaneousethanolinjection

(PEI)

[2-4]areeffectivetherapiesforsmallhepatocellular

carcinoma(HCC).However,forpatientswithpoorliver

functions,hepatectomyisnotthefirsttreatmentchoice.

TACEisnoteffectiveforHCCwithapoorblood

supply

[5],andPEIonlyyieldsincompletenecrosisof

thetumorduetotheunevendistributionofethanol

[6].

引言實例1：負面例子續(xù)下頁引言：19Althoughpercutaneousmicrowavecoagulation

therapy(PMCT)canleadtocompletenecrosisofthe

hepatocarcinomacells,theinducedareaofnecrosis

issmall

[7,8].TACEhastheadvantageofreducingthe

localbloodsupplyofthetumorfoci,resultingin

tissuenecrosisandinflammatoryedema.Therefore,

itcandecreasethecoolingeffectofbloodflowon

theheatingactionofmicrowaves,andenhancethe

coagulationactionofmicrowaves

[9].Inthepresentstudy,

weinvestigatethetherapeuticefficacyofthecombi(n)ed

therapyofTACEandPMCTforthetreatmentofsmall

HCC.引言實例1：負面例子接上頁20實例1缺乏X描述與本研究幾乎無關(guān)的內(nèi)容：Surgicalresection

andpercutaneousethanolinjection

(PEI)順序：X

先描述缺點連貫性：X

TACEisnoteffectiveforHCCwithapoorblood

supply

[5],…,…,TACEhastheadvantageof

….先特點或優(yōu)點，再缺乏全面描述一件事情后，再描述另一件事缺乏邏輯背景拼寫錯誤沒有清楚描述目的21

Surgicalresection

[1],transcatheterarterialchemoembolization

(TACE),andpercutaneousethanolinjection

(PEI)

[2-4]areeffectivetherapiesforsmallhepatocellular

carcinoma(HCC).However,forpatientswithpoorliver

functions,hepatectomyisnotthefirsttreatmentchoice.

TACEisnoteffectiveforHCCwithapoorblood

supply

[5],andPEIonlyyieldsincompletenecrosisof

thetumorduetotheunevendistributionofethanol

[6].

實例1：續(xù)下頁22引言實例2：正面例子續(xù)下頁題目：CombinationTherapywithTranscatheterArterialChemoembolizationandPercutaneousMicrowaveCoagulationTherapyforHepatocellularCarcinoma肝動脈化療栓塞和經(jīng)皮微波凝固聯(lián)合治療肝癌23Percutaneousmicrowavecoagulationtherapy(PMCT)

wasdeveloped

toinducecomplete,local,tissuenecrosisinhepatocellular

carcinoma(HCC)[1–3].

Inpreviousstudies,PMCTdemonstratedthe

feasibilityofefficaciouslytreatingsmallHCCsmeasuring≤2.0cmin

greatestdimension.Patientsinthesestudieshada5-yrsurvival-rate

ofabout70%[4].

However,coagulatedareasinducedbyPMCTaresmall

whenonly1microwaveelectrodeisinsertedintothetumor.Therefore,

producingextensivenecrosisofnotonlythetumorbutalsoof

theneighboringnoncanceroustissuerequiresmultiplemicrowave

electrodeinsertions[4].

續(xù)下頁引言實例2：正面例子24Toreducethenumberofmicrowaveelectrode

insertionsandtotreatlargertumors(>2.0cm),PMCTwasperformed

aftertranscatheterarterialchemoembolization(TACE)ofthe

HCCs.AreductionofthecoolingeffectofPMCTbyfirstusingTACE

todecreasearterialbloodflowinthetumorareawashypothesized.

EnhancedmicrowavethermalcoagulationafterapplicationofTACE

wasalsohypothesizedbecauseTACEwasexpectedtoproduceextensivetissuenecrosis(duetoischemia)andedematouschange(waterretentionduetoinflammation)ofthetumorarea.ThisstudyreportsclinicalresultsofacombinedtherapythatusesPMCTafterTACEfornodularHCCsmeasuring>2.0cmbut≤3.0cmingreatestdimension.接上頁引言實例2：正面例子25實例2優(yōu)點描述內(nèi)容與本研究密切相關(guān)，無無關(guān)內(nèi)容順序：連貫性：先特點或優(yōu)點，再缺乏全面描述一件事情后，再描述另一件事邏輯合理目的明確26引言實例：正面例子(330字左右)題目：晚期肝細胞癌患者外周血肝細胞的檢測肝細胞癌(HCC)是一種常見惡性腫瘤，全球每年約25萬人因該病死亡。未經(jīng)治療的晚期HCC患者平均存活時間小于4個月。小肝癌或無明顯轉(zhuǎn)移患者經(jīng)手術(shù)切除后生存期明顯延長[1,2]，而晚期(TNM分期III期或IV期)患者即使手術(shù)切除或肝移植后復(fù)發(fā)率仍很高[3,4]，原因與肝臟其他部位未發(fā)現(xiàn)的腫瘤、癌細胞侵入肝臟血管以及微轉(zhuǎn)移等有關(guān)[4,5]。癌細胞經(jīng)血播散是腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移的途徑之一，然而，由于檢測方法的局限，很難直接檢測血循環(huán)中的癌細胞。最近，高靈敏的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄聚合酶鏈反響(RT-PCT)能檢測到外周血中的黑色素瘤細胞[6]。27引言實例：正面例子題目：晚期肝細胞癌患者外周血肝細胞的檢測在本研究中，我們利用RT-PCR檢測HCC患者循環(huán)中的癌細胞。人白蛋白基因的mRNA表達是肝細胞特異性標(biāo)志，循環(huán)中任何產(chǎn)生白蛋白mRNA的細胞應(yīng)該來自肝細胞。我們假設(shè)，循環(huán)中的肝細胞很可能來自于肝臟腫瘤，因此，進行了本研究以驗證這一假設(shè)。28II.如何撰寫MaterialsandMethods29中英文論文“材料與方法〞的區(qū)別英文中文稿約規(guī)定具體操作他人重復(fù)明確不明確詳細能不能不詳細如何撰寫MaterialsandMethods30“MaterialsandMethods〞shouldbesufficientlycompletetopermitaqualifiedreadertorepeattheexperiments.Thissectionshouldcontainallthedetailsnecessarytorepeattheexperimentalprocedure.Allpertinenttechnicaldetailsshouldbespecifiedandbedetailedenoughtopermitrepetitionoftheexperiments.英文雜志稿約常見規(guī)定如何撰寫MaterialsandMethods31已經(jīng)建立但并未廣泛使用的方法：新方法或者關(guān)鍵方法：根本原那么常規(guī)方法：只需提及名稱，無需引用參考文獻。如何撰寫MaterialsandMethods沒有改動－－提及方法的名稱，加參考文獻；有改動－－參考文獻并需要說明。需詳細描述每一步驟，包括所用試劑的具體配方、濃度、酸堿度等。

32具體事項1.時態(tài)：過去時態(tài)。不能使用命令句。2.研究材料是否需要單獨列入“Reagents〞一節(jié)：否…themembraneswereincubatedfor30minwithahorseradishperoxidase-conjugatedanti-mouseoranti-humanIgGF(ab’)2(Sigma,St.Louis,USA)diluted2000-foldinPBS.Theproteinbandswerevisualizedbyadding3,3'-diaminobenzidene(Sigma).3.關(guān)鍵材料單獨一節(jié)，以給讀者留下深刻的影響。如何撰寫MaterialsandMethods334.使用已經(jīng)建立的方法時，如無改動，那么不必再描述具體的操作，在引用參考文獻的同時，最好寫出方法的名稱。AntibodiesagainstSARS-CoV

weredetectedaspreviouslydescribed[1].AntibodiesagainstSARS-CoVweredetectedwithanELISAaspreviouslydescribed[1].AntibodiesagainstSARS-CoVweredetectedwithanELISAbasedontheinactivatedvirusaspreviouslydescribed[1].具體事項如何撰寫MaterialsandMethods345．使用已發(fā)表的方法，如有改動，那么需說明改動的地方，同時引用參考文獻。實例：“Immunofluorescencemicroscopy(IFM)wasperformedasdescribedpreviously[5]withminormodifications.Briefly,…〞。6.撰寫時，直接圍繞材料與方法展開即可，不需要說明做這些的目的，此類內(nèi)容必須放在“結(jié)果〞局部。具體事項如何撰寫MaterialsandMethods357.使用動物:除種類(species):小鼠、家兔等數(shù)量動物的品系(strain):如小鼠中的BALB/c,C57BL/6等其他特性:月齡、體重等道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)具體事項如何撰寫MaterialsandMethods36道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)描述例子：TheanimalexperimentsinthisstudywereapprovedbytheInstitutionalAnimalCareandUseCommitteeofXxx(institutename).AllexperimentsintheanimalswereapprovedbytheUniversityofXxxAnimalEthicsReviewBoardandperformedinaccordancewiththeguidelinesoftheNationalHealthandMedicalResearchCouncilofYyy(countryname).TheanimalsreceivedhumanecareinindividualcagesaccordingtothecriteriaoutlinedintheGuidefortheCareandUseofLaboratoryAnimalspreparedbyXxx(institutename).具體規(guī)定請參見作者所在單位的文件或參照美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院(NIH)所制訂的?NationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)GuidefortheCareandUseofLaboratoryAnimals?，網(wǎng)址為：://具體事項如何撰寫MaterialsandMethods37具體事項如何撰寫MaterialsandMethodsMicewerekilledbycervicaldislocation…TheprotocolsofanimalusecompliedwiththePrinciplesofLaboratoryAnimalCare(NIHPublication85-23,revised1995)Miceweresacrificed

byetherinhalation

(afteretherexposure)…√×如果描述是根據(jù)NIH的規(guī)定：NIH指南規(guī)定不能用斷頸處死小鼠388．研究涉及人時，需要單位倫理道德審定委員會的批準(zhǔn)，個人知情同意(informedconsent)。常用寫法：Thestudyprotocolwasapprovedbythelocalethicscommittee(或bytheInstitutionalEthicsBoardofXxx),andallpatients(subjects)gavewritteninformedconsenttotheirparticipationinthestudy,whichfollowedtheethicalguidelinesoftheDeclarationofHelsinki.(赫爾辛基宣言，具體內(nèi)容參見)。具體事項如何撰寫MaterialsandMethods39如果研究對象<18歲，知情同意的簽字人必須是家長或法定監(jiān)護人；如果病人病情很重或者昏迷不能簽字時，知情同意的簽字人必須是直系親屬或有關(guān)人員。例如：“Spinalfluidsamplesweretakenfrom27informedandconsentingpatientswithmeningitis,threeofthemwithcomafor2-4days.〞。X可用：“Writteninformedconsentwasobtainedfromparents,guardians,orpatients(if18yearsorolder).〞具體事項如何撰寫MaterialsandMethods409．化合物和藥名原那么上均需使用通用名稱(genericname)，而不使用商品名，例如，福爾馬林〔formalin〕不能用，而要用甲醛〔formaldehyde〕。10．如果研究涉及核酸和蛋白質(zhì)序列，需將新的序列提交于相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫，在論文中注明登記號(accessionnumber)。其名稱以及網(wǎng)址為：GenBank：://EMBLNucleotideSequenceSubmissions：:///DNADataBankofJapan：:///具體事項如何撰寫MaterialsandMethods41ThenucleotidesequencesdeterminedinthisstudyhavebeensubmittedtotheGenBankdatabaseandassignedaccessionno.AF242585andAF242586.Datadeposition:ThesequencesreportedinthispaperhavebeendepositedintheGenBankdatabase(accessionnos.AF222311–AF222323).具體事項如何撰寫MaterialsandMethods4211．如果研究涉及基因組學(xué)和蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)，有關(guān)內(nèi)容必須符合相應(yīng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即MinimumInformationAboutMicroarrayDataExperiments(MIAME)，網(wǎng)址為：://論文中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容需提交于美國國立生物技術(shù)信息中心〔NCBI〕的基因表達匯編(GeneExpressionOmnibus,GEO)，注明登記號。網(wǎng)址為：:///geo/12．統(tǒng)計：說明統(tǒng)計方法的名稱，或標(biāo)明使用軟件即可。具體事項如何撰寫MaterialsandMethods43實例1：負面例子II.如何撰寫MaterialsandMethodsPatientdata Atotalof35patientsreceivedthecombinedtherapyofTACEandPMCTinourhospitalbetweenApril2005andMay2007.Thesepatientscomprised27

malesandeightfemales,withanagerangeof27-78years,andameanageof56.69±14.02years.

AllpatientshadahistoryofhepatitisBandlivercirrhosis,withliverfunctionscategorizedasclassAbyChild-Pughclassification.AllofthecasesmetthediagnosticcriteriaofprimaryHCC.Twenty-eightcaseswereconfirmedbypathologicalexamination

ofpuncture-biopsiedspecimensundertheguidanceofcomputedtomograghy(CT)beforePMCT.Twenty-fivecaseshadelevatedlevelsofserumalpha-fetoprotein(AFP).

Thesizeofthetumorfocuswasdeterminedbymeasurementofthelargestandshortestdiametersofthelargestsection.

Alltumorfociwerelessthan3cmindiameter.44II.如何撰寫MaterialsandMethods分析：邏輯順序：先診斷，再治療。－－實際描述相反。x本研究著重治療，診斷方法過于詳細。x某些描述不易理解：Thesizeofthetumorfocuswasdeterminedbymeasurementofthelargestandshortestdiametersofthelargestsection.

描述不詳細：入組標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等，見實例2實例1：負面例子45實例2：正面例子II.如何撰寫MaterialsandMethodsPatients第一段：病人根本情況BetweenMarch1997andOctober1998,18patientswithcirrhosisandasinglenodularHCCparticipatedinthisstudy.Inallcases,thepathogenesisofcirrhosiswashepatitisCvirus.Thefollow-upperiodendedinOctober1999.Thedetailsoneachpatientweresummarized(Table1).ThesitesofthelesionsweredefinedaccordingtoCouinaud’ssegmentalmodeloftheliver[5].簡潔、明了46II.如何撰寫MaterialsandMethodsRequirementsforthisevaluationoftheefficacyofusingTACEfollowedbyPMCTforlocalcontrolofliverlesionswereasfollows:1.Variousimagingmodesdidnotdetectanyextrahepaticmetastasesorportaltumorthromboses.2.Theobjectoftreatmentwaslimitedtoasolitarynodulartumor.3.Thesizeofthelesionwas>2.0cmbut≤3.0cm.4.Thetumorwaslocatedononesubsegment.5.LiverfunctionwasChild-PughClassAorClassBwithoutrefractoryascitesorseverebleedingtendencies.6.Alltumorvesselsorwholetumorstainscouldbeseenonhepaticarteryangiographs.7.AllpatientswereeligibleforTACE.8.Allpatientsrequestednosurgicaltreatment.9.Informedconsentwasobtainedfromallpatientsandtheirfamilymembers.Patients第二段：入組條件實例2：正面例子47II.如何撰寫MaterialsandMethods Inthisstudy,tumorsshowingextrahepaticextensionwereexcludedbecauseofthedifficultyofmaintainingtheelectrodepuncture-line.Tumorslocatednearthegallbladderorgastrointestinalorganswerealsoexcludedbecauseofthepossibilityofbileleakageintotheperitonealcavityorperforationoftheorgansbyheatinjury.Furthermore,anypatientwhosetumorwasadjacenttothelargefirstbranchoftheportalvein,thelargehepaticvein,ortheinferiorvenacavawasexcluded.Thereasonforthisexclusionisthatcirculatingbloodhasacoolingeffect,sothepresenceofthesevesselscoulddecreasemicrowave-induced,thermaltissue-coagulation.Patients第三段：排除條件實例2：正面例子48II.如何撰寫MaterialsandMethods Cancerstagingwasperformedusingultrasonography,dynamiccomputedtomography(CT),dynamicmagneticresonanceimaging,anddigitalsubtractionangiography.Thehistologicdiagnosiswasconfirmedbyultrasound(US)-guided,fine-needlebiopsy.Patients 第四段：診斷實例2：正面例子49實例1：僅以下2局部，過于簡單II.如何撰寫MaterialsandMethodsPatientdataTherapeuticmethodsPatientsEquipment

XMicrowavecoagulationsystemTechniqueTACEPMCTFollow-upClassificationofthePatternsofRecurrence實例2：詳細，包括以下5局部，他人容易重復(fù)分析：50材料與方法：正面例子題目：晚期肝細胞癌患者外周血肝細胞的檢測一.研究對象：正常志愿者、HCC患者、其他腫瘤肝轉(zhuǎn)移者、肝硬化以及肝硬化肝移植者均來自本院肝移植組。肝癌分期按TNM標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進行[x]。外科標(biāo)本和血標(biāo)本按常規(guī)方法收集。二.細胞培養(yǎng)：肝癌細胞株Hep3B和乳腺癌細胞株MCF7用于確定方法的靈敏度。細胞在含10％的胎牛血清(LifeTechnologies,Bethesda,MD)的DEME培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)。每3-4天換培養(yǎng)基一次，每7天細胞傳代(1:10)一次。用細胞計數(shù)器計數(shù)。病人與方法51材料與方法：正面例子題目：晚期肝細胞癌患者外周血肝細胞的檢測三.外周血單個核細胞(PBMC)別離：枸櫞酸抗凝的10ml外周血用Ficoll細胞別離液(Pharmacia,Piscataway,NJ)一步法別離PBMC。簡言之，10ml外周血與等量PBS混合，輕輕疊加于10mlFicoll液上，400xg離心30min，從血漿和Ficoll液交界處吸取PBMC，用PBS洗滌4次，低速離心，收集細胞。四.RNA提?。喊碈homczynski等報道的步驟[參考文獻]用RNAzol試劑(CinnaBiotex,Houston,TX)提取細胞總RNA。52材料與方法：正面例子題目：晚期肝細胞癌患者外周血肝細胞的檢測五.RT-PCR：根據(jù)既往報道的方法將RNA逆轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA，并用人白蛋白基因特異的引物擴增[x]。引物序列：上游引物為5’-GCTCAGTATCTTCAGCAGTGTCC-3’，下游引物為5’-TGGGTTGTCATCATTGTGGTTC-3’。引物位置分別位于3號和4號外顯子，以防止RNA標(biāo)本中被DNA污染。根據(jù)Liu等[x]的方法檢測環(huán)孢素A親合素(Cyclophilin)基因表達作為對照。反響體積為20ul，其中含1ugRNA、200U小鼠白血病病毒逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶和2UTaq-DNA聚合酶(LifeTechnologies)，37°C逆轉(zhuǎn)錄10min后立即在同一試管中PCR擴增30循環(huán)〔94°C1min，55°C1min，72°C1min〕，最后延伸7min。取10ulPCR產(chǎn)物在6％聚丙烯酰氨凝膠電泳，溴化乙錠染色后紫外燈觀察。53材料與方法：正面例子題目：晚期肝細胞癌患者外周血肝細胞的檢測六.DNA序列分析：用USB測序試劑盒(Cleveland,OH)測定PCR產(chǎn)物的DNA序列。54Patients(173words)〔1〕FromJanuary2002toDecember2005,86irondeficiencyanemia(IDA)adultpatientswithHpylori-positivechronicgastritiswereenrolled.〔2〕Theparticipantscomprised36womenand50men;medianage53years,range18-76.〔3〕AccordingtoSydneySystem,thepatientswerediagnosedashavingatrophy,intestinalmetaplasia,orantralversusbodygastritis,in34,27,and25cases,respectively.〔4〕Accordingtothecriteria[13],IDAwasdefinedashemoglobin(Hb)concentration<120g/Linthemenand<110g/Linthewomen,serumferritin(SF)<12μg/L,meancorpuscularhemoglobin(MCH)<27pg,andmeancorpuscularvolume(MCV)<80fL.〔5〕Obviouscausesofbloodloss,suchasactivegastrointestinalhemorrhage,menometorrhagiaorheavymenstrualloss,andanyothernon-gastrointestinaldiseaselikelytocauseIDA,wereexclusioncriteriaforthisstudy.〔6〕Alsoexcludedfromthestudyprotocolwerepatientswithpreviousgastricsurgery,andthosewhoreceivedanti-Hpyloritreatmentoranti-secretorydrugsbefore.〔7〕Patientswhowerelactatingorpregnantandthosewithmalnutritionorcancerwerealsoexcluded.英文“材料與方法〞負面實例分析題目：EffectsofHpyloritherapyonerythrocyticandironparametersinirondeficiencyanemiapatientswithHpylori-positivechronicgastritis55冗長，過于詳細，反復(fù)使用同一個詞描述不清：一件事情沒有描述清楚，就轉(zhuǎn)到另一件事情，然后再回到這件事情不同性質(zhì)的事情放在同一句子描述該段描述存在以下缺乏：如何撰寫MaterialsandMethods英文“材料與方法〞負面實例分析題目：EffectsofHpyloritherapyonerythrocyticandironparametersinirondeficiencyanemiapatientswithHpylori-positivechronicgastritis56改寫：Thisstudyenrolled86irondeficiencyanemia(IDA)patients(50men,36women;medianage,53years;range,18to76years)withHpylori-positivechronicgastritisfromJanuary2002toDecember2005.IDAwasdefinedbasedonthecriteriaof…[13].Ofthem,34,27,and25patientswerediagnosedwithatrophy,intestinalmetaplasia,andantralversusbodygastritisrespectively

accordingtoSydneySystem[參考文獻].Subjectswereexcludediftheymetoneofthefollowingcriteria:(1)anyobviousbloodloss,suchasactivegastrointestinalhemorrhage,menometorrhagiaorheavymenstrualloss;(2)anyothernon-gastrointestinaldiseaselikelytocauseIDA;(3)historyofgastricsurgery;(4)anti-Hpyloritreatmentoranti-secretorydrugs;(5)lactatingorpregnant;(6)malnutrition;and(7)anykindofcancer.Patients(124words)如何撰寫MaterialsandMethods英文負面實例修改57III.如何撰寫Results58中英文論文結(jié)果局部撰寫比較英文中文結(jié)果完整性實驗?zāi)康姆椒Q原始＋總結(jié)總結(jié)±原始有有無無圖表較少較多圖表說明過于簡單詳細關(guān)鍵結(jié)果不突出突出如何撰寫Results59一．原始資料和總結(jié)性結(jié)果原始資料：datum〔data〕〔afactusedtodrawaconclusionormakeadecision〕。未經(jīng)過處理修飾的資料:病癥和體證、各種數(shù)據(jù)、圖像、組織學(xué)等。 表達形式：圖、表和文字描述。例如，谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶為200U/L總結(jié)性結(jié)果：result〔theconsequenceofaparticularaction,operation,orcourse;anoutcome〕。將原始資料總結(jié)或轉(zhuǎn)換后得出的結(jié)果，其表達形式多為文字描述，也可用圖表。例如，谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶200U/L寫成肝功能異常如何撰寫Results60二．中英文論文對結(jié)果局部描述存在的差異1．結(jié)果的全面性：

英文論文：原始資料和總結(jié)性結(jié)果。如果只有總結(jié)性結(jié)果，常要用datanotshown。中文論文：以總結(jié)性結(jié)果為主。原始資料的描述不夠詳細，甚至不提供原始資料。如何撰寫Results61二．中英文論文對結(jié)果局部描述存在的差異2．選擇研究方法的原因或目的屬于“Results〞的內(nèi)容：英文論文：一般需要說明使用這些方法的目的〔即為什么〕，同時提及具體方法的名稱，然后再詳細描述用這種〔些〕方法得到的結(jié)果。有時還需要描述自己或他人已發(fā)表的相關(guān)研究結(jié)果，作為選擇本方法進行研究的背景。中文論文：通常只有結(jié)果的描述，一般不描述這些具體實驗的目的。如何撰寫Results1．結(jié)果的全面性：

即某具體實驗設(shè)計的理由

623．圖表與正文內(nèi)容的重復(fù)：中文----文字描述不要與圖表重復(fù)，∴簡單地寫成“結(jié)果見表1〞或“結(jié)果見圖1〞，再沒有其他的文字加以說明或解釋。英文----扼要描述已經(jīng)用圖表表示的內(nèi)容，即文字描述總結(jié)性結(jié)果，特別是重要的研究結(jié)果。對論文起著關(guān)鍵性作用的圖表，那么需要較為詳細的描述。二．中英文論文對結(jié)果局部描述存在的差異如何撰寫Results2．選擇研究方法的原因或目的屬于“Results〞的內(nèi)容：1．結(jié)果的全面性：

634．圖表的注釋：圖：圖注說明〔Figurelegend〕表格：腳注〔Footnote〕英文論文：圖表能完整表達圖的內(nèi)容，即讀者閱讀圖表和圖 表說明后，不必參閱正文，能理解圖表內(nèi)容。

圖表注釋原那么上是幫助讀者理解圖表內(nèi)容，而不能直接說明結(jié)果是陰性或陽性〔有效/無效〕，這些描述應(yīng)該放在正文中。二．中英文論文對結(jié)果局部描述存在的差異中文論文中的多數(shù)圖表注釋過于簡單，僅根據(jù)圖表，讀者無 法理解其內(nèi)容。

如何撰寫Results645．對主要結(jié)果的分析等不屬于‘Results’的內(nèi)容：√某些非關(guān)鍵結(jié)果的分析〔扼要、討論時不再重復(fù)〕?！翝撛谝饬x。×關(guān)鍵結(jié)果的分析?！僚c他人結(jié)果的比較?！量赡軝C理分析。二．中英文論文對結(jié)果局部描述存在的差異如何撰寫Results65三．如何處理可寫可不寫的內(nèi)容PCR擴增后DNA電泳結(jié)果，既可以用圖〔原始資料〕表示，也可以不用電泳圖，而僅僅用文字〔總結(jié)性結(jié)果〕描述。如何撰寫Results結(jié)果較多時－－不用電泳圖，文字描述。結(jié)果較少時－－用電泳圖，再用文字描述。關(guān)鍵性結(jié)果－－用電泳圖，再用文字描述。66III.如何撰寫ResultsRESULTS，共5段 Onetothreeweeksafterall41fociweretreatedwithTACE,thesefocireceivedPMCTtreatmentonce.Amongthem,sixfociweretreatedwithasecondPMCTwithin1wk.第一段Patientdata

….….Allofthecases(35)metthediagnosticcriteriaofprimaryHCC.…….矛盾：在“MaterialsandMethods〞沒有描述41foci。該段無實際意義。實例1：負面例子67III.如何撰寫ResultsRESULTS

PathologicalexaminationsofbiopsiedspecimensandenhancedCTafterPMCTshowedcompletetumornecrosisin34foci,togetherwithcompletering-shapednecrosisofthesurroundingnon-canceroushepaticparenchymaltissue,measuring3-5mminwidth(Figure1).Sevenotherfocishowedcompletenecrosisofthetumor,withincompletenecrosisofthesurroundingnon-canceroushepaticparenchyma.第二段－－效果Patientdata…….Twenty-eightcaseswereconfirmedbypathologicalexamination….再次矛盾原始結(jié)果不詳細：見后實例1：負面例子68III.如何撰寫ResultsFigure1PathologicalexaminationsofbiopsiedspecimensandenhancedCTafterPMCTshowedcompletetumornecrosisin34foci,togetherwithcompletering-shapednecrosisofthesurroundingnon-canceroushepaticparenchymaltissue,measuring3-5mminwidth.A:CTscanofaprimaryHCCintherightanteriorlobeoftheliver,withadiameterof1.6cm×1.4cm;B:AfterTACE,theaccumulationofiodizedoilinthetumorareawassatisfactory;C:PMCTwasinitiated17dlater;D:OnemonthafterPMCT,anenhancedCTscanshowedacompletenon-enhancedareaofthetumor,andanon-cancerousring-shapedareasurroundingthetumor(measuring4-5mm),indicatingcompletenecrosisofthetumorlesion.實例1：負面例子69III.如何撰寫ResultsFigure1.PathologicalexaminationsofbiopsiedspecimensandenhancedCTafterPMCTshowedcompletetumornecrosisin34foci,togetherwithcompletering-shapednecrosisofthesurroundingnon-canceroushepaticparenchymaltissue,measuring3-5mminwidth.A:CTscanofaprimaryHCCintherightanteriorlobeoftheliver,withadiameterof1.6cm×1.4cm;B:AfterTACE,theaccumulationofiodizedoilinthetumorareawassatisfactory;C:PMCTwasinitiated17dlater;D:OnemonthafterPMCT,anenhancedCTscanshowedacompletenon-enhancedareaofthetumor,andanon-cancerousring-shapedareasurroundingthetumor(measuring4-5mm),indicatingcompletenecrosisofthetumorlesion.實例1：負面例子70III.如何撰寫ResultsRESULTS

Amongthe35patients,serumAFPlevelswere

elevatedin25;theAFPlevelsinthese25patients

returnedtonormal

within10daftertreatment.

第三段原來AFP值？沒有原始結(jié)果。 TheserumAFPinall25patientswhooriginallyhadtheelevatedlevelsreturnedtonormal

within10daftertreatment.改寫：英文描述欠缺。實例1：負面例子71III.如何撰寫ResultsRESULTS

Post-embolizationsymptomsincludedfever,pain,

nausea,andvomitingafterTACE,allofwhichwere

relievedbyanti-inflammatory,liverprotection,and

sedationtreatment.IntheprocessofPMCT,most

patientscomplainedoflocalburningpain,whichwas

generallytolerable,butinsomepatients,themicrowave

coagulationtherapyh