朽木易折，金石可鏤。千里之行，始于足下。第頁/共頁2000年全真試題PartⅠCloseTestDirections：Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)①Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.②Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain1consumingallhisgrainimmediately.③Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily2heproducesasurplus.④Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,asaninsurance3theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto4oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoil.⑤Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation6andimprovehisfarminotherways.⑥Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe7.⑦Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor8extrafundsintheformofloans.⑧Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow9ofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenot10obtainable.［139words］1.［A］otherthan ［B］aswellas ［C］insteadof ［D］morethan2.［A］onlyif ［B］muchas ［C］longbefore ［D］eversince3.［A］for ［B］against ［C］of ［D］towards4.［A］replace ［B］purchase ［C］supplement ［D］dispose5.［A］enhance ［B］mix ［C］feed ［D］raise6.［A］vessels ［B］routes ［C］paths ［D］channels7.［A］self-confident ［B］self-sufficient ［C］self-satisfied ［D］self-restrained8.［A］search ［B］save ［C］offer ［D］seek9.［A］proportion ［B］percentage ［C］rate ［D］ratio10.［A］genuinely ［B］obviously ［C］presumably ［D］frequentlyPartⅡReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Passage1①Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.②WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.③Itsscientistsweretheworldsbest;itsworkersthemostskilled.④(11)AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.①Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.②Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.③Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.④SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.⑤By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.⑥(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea’sLGElectronicsinJuly.)⑦（12）Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.America’smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.⑧Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.①Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.②Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.③Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.④Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’sindustrialdecline.⑤Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.①Howthingshavechanged!②In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.③（14）FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.④Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.⑤“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanaugh,executivedeanofHarvard’sKennedySchoolofGovernment.⑥“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,DC.⑦AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”［429words］11.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause.［A］ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal［B］itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore［C］thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitors［D］theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy12.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican.［A］TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket［B］semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprises［C］machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions［D］autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?［A］Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride.［B］Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.［C］Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation.［D］Alonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment.14.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe.［A］turningofthebusinesscycle ［B］restructuringofindustry［C］improvedbusinessmanagement ［D］successineducationPassage2①（15）Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.②Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100females,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.③Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.④Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.⑤Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.⑥Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.⑦Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby)survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.⑧Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.①Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.②Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.③Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.④Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.⑤Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.⑥（16）Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished.⑦Indiashowswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.⑧Thegrandmediocrityoftoday—everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring—meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIndiacomparedtothetribes.Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.②Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.③Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.④Butinthepast100,000years—eventhepast100years—ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.⑤（17）Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.⑥Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:they“l(fā)ookatanorganicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension.”⑦Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness.ButhoweveramazedourdescendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjustlikeus.［406words］15.Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagraph?［A］Alackofmates. ［B］Afiercecompetition.［C］Alowersurvivalrate. ［D］Adefectivegene.16.WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate?［A］Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.［B］Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor.［C］Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.［D］Indiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.17.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause.［A］lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicaladvance［B］thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendeclining［C］ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolution［D］thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisdisappearing18.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?［A］SexRatioChangesinHumanEvolution.［B］WaysofContinuingMan’sEvolution.［C］TheEvolutionaryFutureofNature.［D］HumanEvolutionGoingNowhere.Passage3①（20）Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.②WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe—evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight—itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.①This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionallyspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolenceandspeed.②Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.③（21）Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresanewformofexpression.④Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.⑤Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.⑥Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill.①Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.②ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:“Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.”①（22）This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetry,canhardlybeclassedasLiterature.②Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.③Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?［334words］19.Thispassageismainly.［A］asurveyofnewapproachestoart［B］areviewofFuturistpoetry［C］aboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovement［D］aboutlawsandrequirementsofliterature20.Whenanovelliteraryideaappears,peopleshouldtryto.［A］determineitspurposes ［B］ignoreitsflaws［C］followthenewfashions ［D］accepttheprinciples21.Futuristsclaimthatwemust.［A］increasetheproductionofliterature［B］usepoetrytorelievemodernstress［C］developnewmodesofexpression［D］avoidusingadjectivesandverbs22.TheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetryis.［A］basedonreasonableprinciples［B］newandacceptabletoordinarypeople［C］indicativeofabasicchangeinhumannature［D］moreofatransientphenomenonthanliteraturePassage4①（23）AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.②ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalwork-moralvalues.③Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonforbeing,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon’tknowwheretheyshouldgonext.①Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteen-agerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.②Inarecentsurvey,itwasfoundthatonly24.5percentofJapanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwithschoollife,comparedwith67.2percentofstudentsintheUnitedStates.③Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheircounterpartsinthe10othercountriessurveyed.①Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstesttakingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression.②（25）“Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthetestscores—personality,ability,courageorhumanity—arecompletelyignored,”saysToshikiKaifu,chairmanoftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty’seducationcommittee.③“Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild.”④LastyearJapanexperienced2，125incidentsofschoolviolence,including929assaultsonteachers.⑤Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoraleducation.⑥LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe“Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents.”①（26）ButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselife-styles.②“InJapan,”sayseducatorYokoMuro,“it’sneveraquestionofwhetheryouenjoyyourjobandyourlife,butonlyhowmuchyoucanendure.”③Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization;fully76percentofJapan’s119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,two-generationhouseholds.④UrbanJapanesehavelongenduredlengthycommutes(travelstoandfromwork)andcrowdedlivingconditions,butastheoldgroupandfamilyvaluesweaken,thediscomfortisbeginningtotell.⑤Inthepastdecade,theJapanesedivorcerate,whilestillwellbelowthatoftheUnitedStates,hasincreasedbymorethan50percent,andsuicideshaveincreasedbynearlyone-quarter.［447words］23.IntheWesterners’eyes,thepostwarJapanwas.［A］underaimlessdevelopment ［B］apositiveexample［C］arivaltotheWest ［D］onthedecline24.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmaychieflyberesponsibleforthemoraldeclineofJapanesesociety?［A］Women’sparticipationinsocialactivitiesislimited.［B］Moreworkersaredissatisfiedwiththeirjobs.［C］Excessiveemphasishasbeenplacedonthebasics.［D］Thelife-stylehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternvalues.25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor?［A］Japaneseeducationispraisedforhelpingtheyoungclimbthesocialladder.［B］Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellascreativity.［C］Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationofcreativity.［D］Droppingoutleadstofrustrationagainsttesttaking.26.ThechangeinJapaneselife-styleisrevealedinthefactthat.［A］theyoungarelesstolerantofdiscomfortsinlife［B］thedivorcerateinJapanexceedsthatintheU.S.［C］theJapaneseenduremorethaneverbefore［D］theJapaneseappreciatetheirpresentlifePassage5①（27）Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambition—wealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestiny—mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.②Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.③（28）Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.④Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambition—ifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.⑤Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescaped—withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.①Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.②Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWs—thelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.③（29）Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.④Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.⑤Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.”①Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.②Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.③Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.④Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.⑤Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.［431words］27.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif.［A］itsreturnswellcompensateforthesacrifices［B］itisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpower［C］itsgoalsarespiritualratherthanmaterial［D］itissharedbytherichandthefamous28.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis.［A］customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwords［B］toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout［C］dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal［D］impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition29.Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause.［A］theythinkofitasimmoral［B］theirpursuitsarenotfameorwealth［C］ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialbenefits［D］theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandcontemptible30.Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbemaintained.［A］secretlyandvigorously ［B］openlyandenthusiastically［C］easilyandmomentarily ［D］verballyandspirituallyPartⅢEnglish-ChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.31）Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.32）Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymaycooperatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.Inanycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.33）Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,34）intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.35）Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactors,governmentsarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.［390words］SectionⅣWriting(15points)36.Directions:A.Studythefollowingtwopicturescarefullyandwriteanessayofatleast150words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1）Describethepictures.2）Deducethepurposeofthepainterofthepictures.3）Suggestcounter-measures.

2000年英語試題答案PartⅠClozeTest1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.DPartⅡReadingComprehensionPassage111.C 12.D 13.B 14.APassage215.C 16.B 17.A 18.DPassage319.B 20.A 21.C 22.DPassage423.B 24.D 25.C 26.APassage527.A 28.C 29.D 30.BPartⅢEnglish-ChineseTranslation31.在現(xiàn)代條件下，這需要程度不同的擴散控制措施，從而就需要獲得諸如經濟學和運籌學等領域的專家的協(xié)助。32.再者，顯而易見的是一個國家的經濟實力與其工農業(yè)生產效率密切相關，而效率的提高則又有賴于各種科技人員的努力。33.大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展使各地的人們不斷感到有新的需求，不斷接觸到新的習俗和思想。因為上述緣故，政府常常得推出更多的革新。34.在先期實現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國家中，其工業(yè)化進程以及隨之而來的各種深刻的社會結構變革，持續(xù)了大約一個世紀之久，而如今一個發(fā)展中國家在十年左右就可能完成這個過程。35.因為人口的猛增或人口的大量流動(現(xiàn)代交通工具使這種流動相對容易)造成的種種問題也會對社會造成新的壓力。SectionⅣWriting(15points)36.見分析

試題精解PartⅠCloseTest一、文章總體分析本文是一篇短小的論證性文章，其主題是強調農民儲存余糧的須要性。文章①句提出論點：農民想勝利，就必須努力保持消費和生產之間有較大的差距。②句對①句舉行詳細的解釋：即他必須存儲大量的糧食。③④⑤從正面論述儲存余糧的須要性：③句總說可以養(yǎng)家糊口；④⑤句詳細說可以留作播種、應對惡劣天氣影響及作為商品賣掉以滿意農業(yè)再生產等需要。⑥⑦⑧句論述沒有余糧的危害:不能自給自足，從反面論證儲存余糧的須要性。二、試題詳細解析1.\[A\]otherthan不同于，除了…… [B]aswellas也，又（表示附加）[C]insteadof而不是……（表挑選） [D]morethan比……更多（表比較）本題考核的知識點是：邏輯關系。準確率：72%［迅速解題］文章首句的含義是：一個農民要想勝利，就必須努力保持其消費和生產之間較大的差距。接著文章提到了兩種正巧相反的做法，一種是storealargequantityofgrain（存儲大量的糧食），另一種是consumingallhisgrainimmediately（趕緊把他所有的糧食都消費完）。顯然前一種做法是農民可以勝利的做法，因此空格處需要一個詞語來一定后面部分，而且其后能跟現(xiàn)在分詞。選項中，惟獨介詞短語insteadof符合要求，意為“他必須存儲大量的糧食而不是趕緊把所有的糧食都消耗完”。［篇章分析］①句為文章主旨句，核心內容是“保持消費和生產之間的差距”。②句承接①句，詳細闡述如何保持這個差距：儲存大量的糧食。［空格設置］insteadof是銜接性介詞，體現(xiàn)上下文語義上的邏輯關系。insteadof表挑選關系，意為“代替，作為……的替換，而不是…”，在兩種做法中絕對前者，一定后者。如：Iwillstayathomeinsteadofgoingout.我將待在家里，不出門。其他銜接性介詞還包括becauseof（因為），despite（盡管），besides（除了）等。［干擾項設置］其他項的短語都可用于銜接前后并列的兩部分。otherthan常用于一定句中，實際上是對后面部分的絕對，如：Idon’tknowanyFrenchpeopleotherthanyou.除了你，我不認識別的法國人。其他例句：Theeditorsaswellastheproofreadersareworkingovertime.編輯和校對者都在加班工作。Ilikehermorethanherhusband.我比較喜歡她，不太喜歡她丈夫。2.[A]onlyif只要，惟獨(表條件) [B]muchas盡管，固然(表讓步)[C]longbefore早在…以前(表時光) [D]eversince自從(表時光)本題考核的知識點是：邏輯關系。準確率：62%［迅速解題］考生需判斷空格前后部分之間的邏輯關系。顯然，heproducesasurplus是hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily的前提條件。備選項中惟獨onlyif引導條件狀語從句，代入句中，意為“惟獨生產有剩余，農民才干繼續(xù)養(yǎng)活自己及家人”。這兩個分句繼續(xù)強調儲存糧食的須要性，符合上下文意。［篇章分析］②句提到農民必須要儲存糧食，③句進一步解釋這樣做的目的：養(yǎng)活自己及家人。②句的storealargequantityofgrain和③句的producesasurplus是近義復現(xiàn)，實現(xiàn)了句子之間的語義銜接。［空格設置］onlyif體現(xiàn)了主從句之間的邏輯關系，而且onlyif是if的強調形式，在文中用于強調存儲糧食的須要性。onlyif用于句首時，主句普通要倒裝，如：Onlyiftheredlightcomesonisthereanythingwrongwiththemachine.只要紅燈一亮，就表示機器出毛病了。②句中的考點還包括：一，熟詞僻義。句中support意為toprovideeverythingnecessary,esp.money,sothatsb/sthcanliveorexist“養(yǎng)活，贍養(yǎng)，維持”，如：Markhastosupporttwochildrenfromhisfirstmarriage.馬克得供養(yǎng)他第一次婚姻生的兩個孩子。Heturnedtocrimetosupporthisdrughabit.他為維持吸毒的惡習而走上犯罪的道路。二，按照上下文選詞。句中surplus為名詞，意為“過剩（量），剩余（額）”，如：agriculturalsurpluses過剩的農產品。它和上文storealargequantity相呼應。［干擾項設置］其他項也是主從復合句的銜接詞。例句：Muchassheneededthejob,shehadtorefuse.固然她異常需要這份工作，她只能否決。ShehadseenthefilmabroadlongbeforeitwasshowninBeijing.早在這部電影在北京上映之前，她就在國外看過了。Shehadbeenworryingeversincetheletterarrived.自從接到那封信后她就向來焦慮不安。3.[A]for為了，至于，對于，適用于[B]against反駁，憑著，相反，對…不利,預防[C]of……的，關于，對于[D]towards向，朝，臨近，有助于本題考核的知識點是：介詞的用法+習慣搭配。準確率：62%［迅速解題］④句提到，農民可以將余糧用于三種用途：asseed，asaninsurance和asacommodity?？崭裉幪钊氲慕樵~與名詞短語theunpredictableeffectsofbadweather搭配，做insurance的后置定語，意為“作為…惡劣天氣影響的保障”。insurance的常見含義是“保險，保障”，也可意為“（防御不測的）保障措施”，常與介詞against搭配。余糧固然是一種預防惡劣天氣影響的保障措施，能表達“預防”含義的介詞惟獨against。［篇章分析］③句和④⑤句是并列關系，共同支持②句的觀點：必須儲存糧食。③句闡述儲存余糧的目的；④⑤句推薦余糧的用途。④句主干為Hemustusethissurplus，介詞短語inthreeways做狀語，冒號后三個并列的as...介詞結構列舉了使用余糧的三種方式。［空格設置］against作為常用介詞，其含義和用法異常豐盛。against意為“反駁，違抗；對…不利；倚靠；預防”，如thefightagainstevil反駁邪惡的斗爭；Theevidenceisagainsthim.證據(jù)對他不利；Putthepianoagainstthewall.把鋼琴緊憑著墻；precautionsagainstfire防火措施。文中取其“預防”的含義。其他考點包括：熟詞僻義。本句中insurance意為“（防御不測的）保障措施，安全保證”，如：Atthattimepeoplehadlargefamiliesasaninsuranceagainstsomechildrendying.那時人們養(yǎng)的子女無數(shù)，以防有孩子夭折。［干擾項設置］其他項都是常用的介詞。for可指“以協(xié)助，為了……”，如：soldiersfightingfortheircountry為祖國出征的軍人；或表示目的或用途，如：amachineforslicingbread（用于）切面包片機。toward可指“對，對于；以……為目的或目標，用于”，如：ourattitudetowardsdeath我們對死亡的態(tài)度；Themoneywillgotowardsanewschoolbuilding.這筆資金將用于修建新校舍。of可指“……的”。它們的中文釋義都有干擾，要注重各自的用法。4.[A]replace取代，替換；更新，更換[B]purchase購買[C]supplement補充，增補；附錄[D]dispose羅列，安頓；（~of）處置，部署本題考核的知識點是：邏輯語義+動詞詞義辨析。準確率：70%［迅速解題］空格所在部分談到農民把余糧作為商品（asacommodity）出售的目的之一是：4oldagriculturalimplements，空格處填入的動詞說明對“舊農具”施加的動作。出售余糧不應該是為了補充（supplement）或購買（purchase）舊農具，更不可能是為了處置、安頓（dispose）舊農具。惟獨replace表達的“用余糧換得的錢來買新農具以更換舊農具”符合邏輯。［篇章分析］