Grammar

TheNounClauses

名詞性從句

在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性名詞從句，主語從句，賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句在整個(gè)句子中所起的作用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，因此這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。名詞性從句都不能用逗號(hào)和主句隔開。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞that,whether,if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接代詞who,what,which引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接副詞when,where,why,howWhowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句

_____theearthisroundistrue._______shewillcomeornotisstillaquestion._____youaredoingseemsverydifficult.______theywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.

That

Whether

WhatWhen主語從句引導(dǎo)主語從句的連詞是不能省略的。

Thattheearthisroundistrue.That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末，例如：

Itistruethattheearthisround.

It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.你非走不可真是件憾事。Attention2.表示“是否”意義時(shí)，一般用whether而不用if引導(dǎo)主語從句，

Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.但如果有形式主語it引導(dǎo)時(shí)，既可用whether，也可用if。

e.g.Itisstillaquestionifshewillcome.3.有時(shí)可用形式主語it代替主語從句：

e.g.Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcome.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhentheywillstart.

1.____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether2.____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter練一練！what與that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別:

what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語,賓語,表語,表示…的.而that則不然,它在句子中只起連接作用,沒有意義.(1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(2)Thattheearthgoesaroundthesuniswell-knowntoeverybody.

4._____thesportsmeetwillbehelddependsontheweather.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That5.___isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It6.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.A.isnotknown

B.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbee7.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,________ourastronautsdesiretodoistowalkinspace.

A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how8.ItworriedMaryalot_____shewouldpassthecollegeentranceexamination.

A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.how

一個(gè)句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語就叫賓語從句。

Doyouknow______heis?I’mglad______youhavepassedtheexam.Idon’tknowwhether(if)youarewillingtohelpme.Itdependson________heiscoming

ornot.

where賓語從句(that)whetherShewillgive_________needshelp

awarmsupport.whoever特別提示1.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。Hetoldus(that)hewasadoctorandthathewouldgotoBeiJing.2.下列賓語從句必須用whether引導(dǎo)，不可用if:a.

從句后有or

not

時(shí)，不可用if:Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.b.

介詞賓語通常用whether引導(dǎo):Itdependsonwhetherheiscomingornot.

c.后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?3.用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。

Doyouknowhowoldheis?Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.

Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.

凡需要幫助的人，她都會(huì)給予熱情的支持。4.think,believe,imagine,suppose等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如?/p>

Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.

我們認(rèn)為你不在這。

Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.

我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。

Heasked____foraviolin．（MET1992）

A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2．Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_____heorshewants.(NMET1997)A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever3.LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster____hehaddonethedaybefore.

A.thatB.howC.whatD.where4.Idon'tdoubt________he'llcome.A.that

B.if

C.what

D.whether5.Doesanybodyknow__wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that6.Itdependson____wewillbereadyintime.A.whetherB.that C.ifD.when表語從句一個(gè)句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語就叫表語從句.表語從句放在連系動(dòng)詞后，如：be，seem,

remain等，有時(shí)用asif引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+系動(dòng)詞+從句。

e.g.1.TheproblemisthatIamshortofmoney.

2.Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe

.3.Thequestionishowwecangetthere.

4.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.

看上去天要下雨了。

特別提醒1.表語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的限制.2.

表語從句是不用if引導(dǎo)的,要用whether.3.主語是reason時(shí)，表語從句常用that，不用because.Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill.同位語從句

通常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,thought,doubt等名詞的后面，是對(duì)前面的名詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋，說明前面的名詞的具體的含義。Thehopethathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.Thereisnodoubtthatyoucangetalongwellwiththem.辨認(rèn)定語從句和同位語從句1.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.（同位語）2.Thenewsyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.（定語從句）3.IcanwellrememberanincidentthathappenedonarainySundayafternoon.4.Thenewsthatyoudidn'tpasstheexam

wasreallydisappointing.

1.Whytheexplosionoccurredwas________thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.A.for

B.because

C.since

D.that2.Thecityisnolonger________.A.whatitis

B.thatitusedtobe

C.whichitwasD.whatitused

tobe3.Theproblemis_______he