單元加餐練Ⅰ.閱讀理解Poets，songwritersandleft-wingpoliticianshatetheidea，butfordecades，opinion-pollevidencehasbeenclear:moneybuyshappinessandthericheryouare，themorelikelyyouaretoexpresssatisfactionwithyourlife.Untilnow，asurveyof43countriespublishedonOctober30thbythePewResearchCentreshowsthatpeopleinemergingmarketsarewithinawhiskerof(一步之遙)expressingthesamelevelofsatisfactionaspeopleinrichcountries.Itisinlinewiththestandardviewofhappinessandineseensofar.Accordingtothesurvey，in2007,57%ofrespondentsinrichcountriesregardedthemselvesashappy；inemergingmarketsthesharewas33%;inpoorcountriesonly16%—aclassicexpressionofthestandardview.Butin2017,54%ofrichcountryrespondentscountedthemselvesashappy，whereasinemergingmarketsthepercentagejumpedto51%.ThesharpincreasehappenedthankstohugeimprovementsincountriessuchasIndonesia(＋35)andPakistan(＋22)．In12ofthe24emergingmarkets，halformorepeopleratetheirlifesatisfactioninthetopoftheladder.Thisisnottosaythelinkbetweenineandsatisfactionhasbeensnapped.Poorcountriesstilllagbehind：onlyaquarterofthepeopletherecountthemselvesashappy—halftheleveloftheothertwogroups.Thereisalsoaclearlinkbetweenhappinessandinegrowth.China'sGDProseatanannualaveragerateof10%in2007—2017anditshappinesslevelrose26points.Withincountries，richerpeopleexpressmoresatisfactionthantheirpoorerneighbors.Thestudydividedrespondentsintocategorieswithhigherandlowerinesandfewerandmorehouseholdgoods.Ineverycountryineverygroup,richerfolkwithmoregoodsexpressedhigherlevelsofhappiness.Soatapersonallevel，moneydoesbuyhappiness.Andifyouaskpeopleaboutdifferentaspectsoftheirlives—health，familylife，religion，standardofliving—itturnsoutthatsatisfactionwithlivingstandardsstillhasthebiggestinfluenceonhappiness.本文是一篇議論文。文章論述的是幸福和收入之間的關(guān)系。幾十年來，民意調(diào)查的證據(jù)已經(jīng)很清楚：金錢能買來幸福，你越富有，就越有可能對(duì)自己的生活表示滿意。1．What'sthestandardviewofhappinessandine?A．Ineisnotcloselyrelatedtohappiness.B．Happinessdoesnotdependonhowmuchyouearn.C．Thehigheryourineis,themorelikelyyouwillfeelsatisfied.D．Themoreyouaresatisfied,themoreyoucanearneverymonth.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。由第一段“...opinion-pollevidencehasbeenclear:moneybuyshappinessandthericheryouare,themorelikelyyouaretoexpresssatisfactionwithyourlife.”(民意調(diào)查的證據(jù)已經(jīng)很清楚：金錢能買來幸福，你越富有，就越有可能表達(dá)對(duì)生活的滿意。)可知，你的收入越高，你就越有可能感到滿足。故選C項(xiàng)。2．Whatcontributedtotheincreaseofhappinessinemergingmarkets?A．Theirrapiddevelopment. B．Investmentinemergingmarkets.C．Economicdownturn. D．Morecooperationwithrichcountries.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。由第二段“Butin2017...whereasinemergingmarketsthepercentagejumpedto51%.”(但在2017年……而在新興市場，這一比例躍升至51%。)和第三段“Thesharpincreasehappenedthankstohugeimprovementsincountriessuchas...”(這種劇增的發(fā)生得益于一些國家的巨大進(jìn)步，比如……)可推知，他們的快速發(fā)展促進(jìn)了新興市場的幸福水平的提高。故選A項(xiàng)。3.What'sthepurposeofthewriterbymentioningChina'sGDP?A．ToprovethatChina'sGDPgrowthledtothehappinessofpeopleinAsia.B．ToremindreadersoftheprogressthatChinahasmade.C．Toexpresstheauthor'sconcernaboutthedevelopmentofemergingmarkets.D．Toshowthatthereisalinkbetweenhappinessandinegrowth.答案：D解析：目的意圖推斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段“Thereisalsoaclearlinkbetweenhappinessandinegrowth.”(幸福和收入增長之間也有明顯的聯(lián)系。)可知，作者提到中國GDP的目的是為了證明幸福和收入增長之間存在聯(lián)系。故選D項(xiàng)。4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothestandardviewofhappinessandine?A．Disappointed. B．Skeptical.C．Supportive. D．Indifferent.答案：C解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“atapersonallevel，moneydoesbuyhappiness.”以及“thebiggestinfluenceonhappiness.”可知，作者對(duì)幸福和收入的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)觀點(diǎn)持“支持”的態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.七選五Negativethoughtswehaveaboutourselvescandestroyourspirits.Manyofushaveproblemswithnegativethoughts.Thenegativethoughtsleadtobadfeelingsandtheymakeyoubelievethatthebadthingsyouaresufferingareactuallytrue.Inshort,theybringyourfocusonyourfailures,whichwillmakeyoudepressed.Whatcanyoudotoavoidnegativethoughtstoaffectyou？__1__.RecognizethatactionsalwaysfollowbeliefsWhateveryoubelieve,you'llexperiencemoreofthem.__2__.Sostartbelievingthebestaboutyourselfandbelievethatyou'revaluableperson.PicturethegoodthingsIfyouwanttochangethenegativetapesplayinginyourheads,youhavetoimagineyourselfpositivelythatmeansjudgingyourselfright.__3__.Howwouldthatlook?Drawitinyourmindandexpandit.__4__Youmaytalktoyourselfwithstatementslike“ifonly”or“whatif”.Theformerkeepsremindingyouofthepastwithregret,whilethelatterkeepsyoufearfulofthefuture.Thereisnothingyoucandoaboutthepastandthefutureisn'thereyet.DeveloppositiveviewsInsteadofalwaysputtingyourselfdowninyourhead,thinkofsomethingsyouactuallylikeaboutyourself.Tellyourself“Iamable.I'mgoodatit.”insteadofsaying“I'mnotgoodenough”，__5__.Thinkingpoorlygetsusnowhereandisextremelyself-limiting.Decide,today,toturnoffthenegativechannelinyourmindanddevelopyourtruepossibilities.A．ForgetthepastB．LiveinthemomentC．HerearesomesuggestionsD．MakefriendswithoptimisticpeopleE．ImagineapictureaboutyourselfF．Alwayskeeppositive,ratherthansaysomethingnegativeG．You'llalsofindyouractionsaresuitableforyourbeliefs這是一篇說明文。對(duì)自己的消極想法會(huì)摧毀我們的精神。我們很多人都有消極想法的問題。消極的想法會(huì)導(dǎo)致不好的感覺，讓你相信你所遭受的不好的事情是真實(shí)的。文章就此提供了四點(diǎn)避免消極想法的建議。1．C解析：根據(jù)下文主要內(nèi)容為四點(diǎn)建議可知，C項(xiàng)“這里有一些建議”起到承上啟下的作用。故選C。2．G解析：根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題Recognizethatactionsalwaysfollowbeliefs(認(rèn)識(shí)到行動(dòng)總是遵循信念)可對(duì)應(yīng)到G選項(xiàng)中beliefs，表示“你也會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你的行為與你的信念相符合?！狈险Z境。故選G。3．E解析：根據(jù)上文Ifyouwanttochangethenegativetapesplayinginyourheads,youhavetoimagineyourselfpositivelythatmeansjudgingyourselfright.(如果你想改變腦中播放的消極磁帶，你必須積極地想象自己，這意味著正確地判斷自己。)，再根據(jù)后句Howwouldthatlook?Drawitinyourmindandexpandit.可知，要學(xué)會(huì)去描繪一張你自己的圖片。故選E。4．B解析：本空為本段小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)本段最后一句Thereisnothingyoucandoaboutthepastandthefutureisn'thereyet.(你對(duì)過去無能為力，而未來還沒有到來。)可知，是建議要活在當(dāng)下。故選B。5．F解析：根據(jù)上文Tellyourself“Iamable.I'mgoodatit.”insteadofsaying“I'mnotgoodenough”(告訴自己“我能行。我很擅長?！倍皇钦f“我不夠好”。)可知，是在強(qiáng)調(diào)永遠(yuǎn)保持積極的態(tài)度，而不是說一些消極的話。故選F。Ⅲ.完形填空Achalkboardwallthatrecentlygotnationalattentionforaskingpeopletofinishthethought“IwishIhadthecourageto...”isingdown.Forme,theCourageWallrepresenteda(an)__1__whenItookacourageousjumpofmyown.TheCourageWall'ssite,avacant(空的)groundinDelRay,isaparticularly__2__locationforme.Sevenyearsago,Ihadaprojectherewhileinarchitectureschool.Ourprofessortoldusto__3__somethinghere,buthedidn'tsaywhatitshouldbe.Iwasembarrassed:howwouldweknowwhattobuild?MyclassmatesandIstartedresearchingtheneighborhoodfor__4__.Iendedupproposingapublicspaceonthevacantground,witharchitecturesarounditthatwere__5__enoughforclosegatherings,butbigenoughforperformances.Ididn't__6__atthetimethatIwasinspiredinawayI'dneverbeenbefore.FormyentirelifeIhaddreamedofbeinga(n)__7__.ButIstruggledwithmathandphysics,andIfeltdisconnectedfromthepeopleandmunitiesIwas__8__todesignfor.MytimeinDelRaytaughtmesomethingnewaboutmyself,anditgavemethecouragetotaketheleapandtrya__9__path.Sevenyearslater,I'macityplanner.ButI'vefoundmyselfinevenbigger__10__：astruggletofindfull-timework,hospitalbillsfromafootinjury,twocaraccidents,anda__11__livingsituation.Ihavebeeembarrassedwithdoubtand__12__，unsureofmyself.Overthepastfewmonths,I'vebeenabletopullmyselfout,slowlybut__13__.Afewweeksago,IstoodinfrontoftheCourageWall,__14__peoplewalkup,admireit,andaddsomethingoftheirown.ThisisaplacewhereI'dshownmyselfcourageonce.Chalkinhand,IfelthopefulIcoulddoitagain.I__15__mywordsandIwentonmyway.本文主要講了作者在生活中經(jīng)歷了很多的困難，但幸虧有了CourageWall，讓作者有了繼續(xù)前行的勇氣。1．A.hour B．year C．moment D．period答案：C解析：考查名詞的辨析，根據(jù)下文的itgavemethecouragetotaketheleap可知，CourageWall代表著我勇敢一躍的時(shí)刻，因此使用moment，故答案為C。2．A.secret B．important C．convenient D．perfect答案：B解析：考查形容詞的辨析，secret秘密的，important重要的，convenient方便的，perfect完美的。CourageWall對(duì)我而言是尤其重要的一個(gè)地方，故答案為B。3．A.improve B．report C．change D．design答案：D解析：考查動(dòng)詞的辨析，improve提高，report報(bào)道，change改變，design設(shè)計(jì)。我們教授叫我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)一些東西，故答案為D。4．A.technique B．chances C．ideas D．fort答案：C解析：考查名詞的辨析，technique技巧，chances機(jī)會(huì)，ideas想法，fort安慰。我同學(xué)和我為了想出點(diǎn)東西開始調(diào)查周邊，故答案為C。5．A.small B．new C．simple D．large答案：A解析：考查形容詞的辨析，small小的，new新的，simple簡單的，large大的。我最后建議在空曠地建一個(gè)公共場所，小到能讓人們小聚，但是也要足夠大到能用于演出，故答案為A。6．A.predict B．imagine C．realize D．remember答案：C解析：考查動(dòng)詞的辨析，predict預(yù)測(cè)，imagine想象，realize意識(shí)，remember記住。我沒有意識(shí)到那時(shí)我的靈感來自一種我從未想過的方式，故答案為C。7．A.scholar B．chemist C．a(chǎn)ssistant D．a(chǎn)rchitect答案：D解析：考查上下文的理解，根據(jù)上文的Ihadaprojectherewhileinarchitectureschool.可推測(cè)，我夢(mèng)想成為一名建筑師，因此使用architect，故答案為D。8．A.advised B．supposed C．a(chǎn)llowed D．opposed答案：B解析：考查動(dòng)詞的辨析，advised建議，supposed認(rèn)為，allowed允許，opposed反對(duì)。我覺得與本該為之設(shè)計(jì)的人們和社區(qū)脫節(jié)了，使用besupposedto“應(yīng)該”，故答案為B。9．A.different B．correct C．distant D．mon答案：A解析：考查形容詞的辨析，different不同的，correct正確的，distant遙遠(yuǎn)的，mon普通的。我在DelRay的日子給了我嘗試另一條道路的勇氣，故答案為A。10．A.weaknesses B．mistakes C．a(chǎn)dventures D．trouble答案：D解析：考查名詞的辨析，weaknesses弱點(diǎn)，mistakes錯(cuò)誤，adventures冒險(xiǎn)，trouble困擾。我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己遇到更大的麻煩，故答案為D。11．A.peaceful B．stressful C．healthy D．strange答案：B解析：考查形容詞的辨析，peaceful和平的，stressful有壓力的，healthy健康的，strange奇怪的。此處指的是我充滿壓力的生活情境，故答案為B。12．A.anger B．panic C．a(chǎn)nxiety D．regret答案：C解析：考查名詞的辨析，anger怒氣，panic恐慌，anxiety焦慮，regret后悔。此處指我變得充滿懷疑和焦慮，故答案為C。13．A.unwillingly B．surely C．frequently D．unluckily答案：B解析：考查副詞的辨析，unwillingly不樂意地，surely肯定地，frequently經(jīng)常，unluckily不幸地。過去的幾個(gè)月我緩慢但堅(jiān)定地讓自己振作起來了，故答案為B。14．A.watching B．helping C．fancying D．hearing答案：A解析：考查動(dòng)詞的辨析，watching觀看，helping幫助，fancying想象，hearing聽到。幾天前我站在CourageWall前面，看著人們走上前，故答案為A。15．A.introduced B．a(chǎn)dmitted C．shared D．a(chǎn)dded答案：D解析：考查動(dòng)詞的辨析，introduced介紹，admitted承認(rèn)，shared分享，added增加。根據(jù)前文的addsomethingoftheirown可知我也寫下了自己的話，故答案為D。Ⅳ.概要寫作Highschoolexittestsareteststhatstudentsmustpasstograduatefromhighschool.Inthelastfewyears,however,anumberofstatesinAmericahavedroppedthem.Althoughsomestatesstillusethemfordiplomas,thenumberisdownfromahighof27statesduringthetestingcrazepromotedbyNoChildLeftBehind(NCLB)．Theappearanceofthisphenomenonissmallwonder.Researchesclearlyshowthatexittestshavelittlepositiveeffectsonstudents.A2014reportfoundexittestingwasassociatedwithlowergraduationrates,negativelyaffectedlabormarketoutes,and,mostalarmingly,produceda12.5percentincreaseinincarceration(監(jiān)禁)rates.Exitexams,thestudyconcluded,hadtendedtoaddlittlevalueformoststudents.Exittestingreliesonthefollowingassumptions.Oneisthatstandardizedtestingcanserveasakindof“qualitycontrol”forhighschoolgraduates,guaranteeingthatgraduatesarecollegeready.Theotheristhattheyhavepredictingvalueforfuturesucc