The-ingformusedassubjectDiscoveringUsefulStructuresUnit3FascinatingParksHaveyoueverseenthesesigns?the–ingformGettoknowmoreabout-ingform動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing

形式Identifythefunctionofthe-ingFormThe-ingFormasthe—ExamplesItwasgreatfunenjoyingtherelaxingtime!Ijustcan’ttakemyeyesofftheshininglightsontheChristmastreeseverywhere.Youlookamazingtoday.Themostimportantthingisgettingthereintime.Sheheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.Youhavekeptmewaitingthewholemorning.Shesatatthedeskreading

anewspaper.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly

isconsideredtobeagoodhabit.predicative（表語）attributive（定語）objectcomplement

（賓補(bǔ)）adverbial（狀語）subject(主語）Eventhoughthesunisbrightlyshining,tellingwhetheritismorningornightisimpossible.(Para.1)2.Checkingmywatch,Iseethatitis7:30a.m.(Para.1)3.Spreadingoutbeforeme,branchesoftheRapaRiverflowthroughthewalleybelow.(Para.1)subjectadverbialadverbialWhatisthefunctionoftheV-ingformineachsentence?Identifythefunctionofthe-ingForm(P26~P27)4.Around9,000yearsago,thisicemelted,leavingbehindabout100glaciers.

(Para.2)5.FollowingthereindeerweretheSamipeople,whomadethisterritorytheirhome.

(Para.2)6.Getting

hereisquitedifficult,soapartfromtheSamiveryfewpeoplehaveeverseenSarek.

(Para.2)adverbialpredicativesubject

Identifythefunctionofthe-ingForm(P26~P27)7.Forhundredsofyears,lookingafterreindeerwasawayoflifefortheSami.

(Para.3)8.Buteveryspring,asmallnumberofSamistillfollowtheirreindeerintothevalleysofSarek,livingintentsoroldcottages

andenjoyingtheirtraditions.(Para.3)subjectadverbialsIdentifythefunctionofthe-ingForm(P26~P27)9.Forexample,thismorningmybreakfastisflatbreadwarmedoverafire,driedreindeermeat,andsomesweetandsourberriesthatIfoundgrowingnearmytent.(Para.3)10.Beinginsuchabeautifulandwildplacemakesmefeelblessedtobealive.

(Para.4)complement

subjectIdentifythefunctionofthe-ingForm(P26~P27)11.HereIam,aloneunderthisbroadsky,breathingthefreshair,andenjoyingthisgreatadventure.(Para.4)12.Standingattheedgeofthemountain,watchingtheRapaRiverflowthroughthevalleybelow,Ifeelsoblessedtobealiveandhavethisrareopportunitytoexplorethisuniqueterritory,whichisalmostunknowntotheoutsideworld.

(P27Ex.5)adverbialsadverbialsIdentifythefunctionofthe-ingForm(P26~P27)The-ingformasthesubject動詞-ing形式作主語v-ing作主語的意義Readingaloudis

agoodwaytolearnalanguage.Wastingaperson’stimeisthesameaskillinghimforhisproperty.-ing形式作主語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞,多指抽象、概念性的動作，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性行為。

動詞-ing作主語的幾種形式：動詞-ing形式作主語時(shí),根據(jù)主謂一致的原則,謂語動詞使用________形式。但是意義不同的兩個(gè)動詞-ing形式并列作主語時(shí),謂語動詞要用_________形式。

單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)⑴

Talkingiseasierthandoing.⑵

Readingaloudisagoodwayinlearningalanguage.⑶ListeningtotheEnglishtapesandwatchingEnglishfilmsaregoodwaystolearnEnglish.1.-ing形式直接放在句首，表示抽象的、經(jīng)常的以及習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)。Itisnogood/usedoing...做...是沒用的。Itisnofundoing…做...沒有樂趣。Itisawasteoftimedoing…做…是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間Itisworth/worthwhiledoing…做...是值得的。此類句式常見的有:2.有時(shí)為了句子平衡，避免頭重腳輕,

用it在句首作形式主語，而把真正的主語(動詞-ing短語)后置。注意：此類句型只限于以上某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞,如:worth,worthwhile,awasteoftime,

nouse/good/fun等。Itisworthreadingsuchawonderfulnovel.這么好的書很值得一讀。It’snousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.不行動只抱怨是沒有用的。注意：動名詞作主語用it充當(dāng)形式主語的情況很少，上表中是最常見的句式結(jié)構(gòu)。不定式作主語時(shí)，常用it充當(dāng)形式主語，如：It’snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguagewell.學(xué)好一門外語不容易。It’sdifficultforustofinish

theworkinaweek.對我們來說，一周之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作很困難。1.Beingaddictedtosmartphones

isawasteoftime.2.Arguingaboutsuchthings

isnogood.3.Takingpartinthisactivity

isworthwhile.It’sawasteoftimebeingaddictedtosmartphones.It’snogoodarguingaboutsuchthings.It’sworthwhiletakingpartinthisactivity.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換Thereisnodoingsth.Therewasnotellingwhenthismighthappenagain.該句型一般指不可能或不被允許。Thereisnodenyingthatactionsspeaklouderthanwords.Pleasebequiet.There'snotalkingduringtheperformance!3.“Thereis+no”后可用-ing形式作主語，表示“沒法…;不允許…”。沒法預(yù)料這樣的事什么時(shí)候會再發(fā)生。不可否認(rèn)，事實(shí)勝于雄辯。eg.請安靜?？囱莩鰰r(shí)不允許講話。動詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)有兩種形式:1.形容詞性

+動詞-ing形式;2.

+動詞-ing形式。4.動詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語物主代詞名詞所有格1.Theirfailingintheexaminationmadethemalldisappointed.2.Kate’sleaving

madeeveryonesad.【練一練】(1)____________________madehisteacherveryangry.

他又一次遲到使他的老師非常生氣。(2)

isagreathelptohisfamily.

麥克回來工作對他全家來說都是一大幫助。HisbeinglateagainMike’sreturningtoworkDeliveringnewspapersishisjob.送報(bào)紙是他的工作。Todelivernewspapersishisjobtoday.送報(bào)紙是他今天的工作。動詞-ing形式作主語表示一般的、抽象的或習(xí)慣性的動作,

不定式作主語表示具體的、一次性的或尚未做的動作。動詞-ing與動詞不定式作主語的區(qū)別動詞-ing形式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)完成句子①琳達(dá)已經(jīng)被我的狗咬了，所以她拒絕再和我玩。_____________________bymydogmadeLindareufsetoplaywithmeagain.②有時(shí)候被懲罰是一件好事。Sometimes_________________maybeagoodthing.beingpunishedHavingbeenbitten1.____________(bite)bysnakescanbevitaltopeople.2.__________(see)differentfamilieshavingfuntogetherinnatureinspringisacommonthing.3._______________(invite)totheeveningpartyisagreathonorforme.4._____________(tell)thatyouwoulddancetothepopsong,LittleApple,mademeexcited.BeingbittenSeeingBeinginvitedBeingtold【練一練】動詞-ing形式的否定形式動詞-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not,帶有邏輯主語時(shí)，not應(yīng)放在邏輯主語和-ing

形式之間。Notknowinghowtouseacomputermakesitmoredifficultforhimtodohisacademicresearch.

Nothavingdonehishomeworkmakestheteacherangry.Yourschoolmate’snotcominghomeintimemadeherparentsworried.(1)______________________________(沒買那條貴裙子)causesthecoupletoquarrel.

(2)_____________________(未能通過考試)madehimdisturbed.

NotbuyingtheexpensivedressNotpassingtheexam【練一練】動詞-ing形式作主語表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作且常放句首形容詞性物主代詞+動詞-ing名詞所有格+動詞-ing動詞-ing作主語動詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)It’sawastetimedoingsthIt’snouse/nogood/nofundoingsthIt’sworthdoingsthit作形式主語動詞原形+-ing基本構(gòu)成基本用法動詞-ing與動詞不定式作主語的區(qū)別Summary小結(jié)：動詞-ing形式和不定式都可以用作_______。動詞-ing形式往往表

示經(jīng)常的、習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài),而不定式常表示某次具體的行為。

2.如果作主語的動詞表示被動意義,那么使用____________作主語。3.動詞-ing的否定形式是在其前面直接加上_____,帶有邏輯主語時(shí)，

not應(yīng)放在邏輯主語和-ing

形式之間。主語beingdonenot時(shí)態(tài)/語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)否定式V-ing一般式doingbeingdonesb/sb’sdoingsb

/sb’snotdoingsb

/sb’snothavingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone____________(run)isnotonlybeneficialtoourhealthbutalsofriendlytotheenvironment.____________(invite)tothepartyisagreathonourforthewholefamily.Not____________(finish)thetaskontimemadehimunhappy.____________(criticize)beforethewholeclassmademefeelembarrassed.____________(win)thegoldmedalintheOlympicGamesmadeherfamousovernight.Itisawasteoftime____________(play)videogames.Itisbadmanners____________(talk)loudlyinpublicplaces.RunningBeinginvitedfinishingBeingcriticizedHavingwonplayingtotalkPracticeRewriteeachofthefollowingsentencesusingthe-ingformasthesubject.EXAMPLEItischallengingyetreallyfascinatingtohikethroughthemountainsinthepathlessSarek.HikingthroughthemountainsinthepathlessSarek

ischallengingyetreallyfascinating.P29Ex.21.Itisbothchallengingandrewardingtostudyabroad.Studyingabroadisbothchallengingandrewarding.GoingonahikingtourinSarekinwinterwouldhardlybepossibleduetotheextremecold.2.ItwouldhardlybepossibletogoonahikingtourinSarekinwinterduetotheextremecold.3.Honestly,itcanbebothexcitingandterrifyingtoexploreavastunknownland.Honestly,exploringavastunknownlandcanbebothexcitingandterrifying.P29Ex.24.Itisgoodtoadoptapositiveattitude,evenwhenthingsaredifficult.Adoptingapositiveattitude

isgood,evenwhenthingsaredifficult.5.Itisstronglyadvisedtohirelocalguides,becausetheycanofferaccurateknowledgeofSarekcultureandhistory.Hiringlocalguidesisstronglyadvised,becausetheycanofferaccurateknowledgeofSarekcultureandhistory.Discuss:Howdoesthesentencefocuschange?Theuseof-ingformsassubjectputstheactionfirst,makingthesentencesseemmoredynamic.用it作形式主語前置時(shí)，句子側(cè)重于表語部分，強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的特征、狀態(tài)或給人的感受。動詞-ing形式作主語前置時(shí)，句子側(cè)重于主語部分，

強(qiáng)調(diào)行為本身的具體內(nèi)容，使句子更加生動。。P29Ex.2Fillineachblankusingthe-ingformofaverbfromtheboxandstateitsfunction.Onewordwillbeusedtwice.XixiNationalWetlandPark,________10squarekilometresinwesternHangzhou,isthefirstnationalwetlandparkinChina.__________citylife,nature,andwetlandsmakestheparkapopulardestinationbothfortouristsandlocalresidents.AtXixi,_______aboattour,________alongpaths,and____________localcustomsandtraditionsofthevillagesinthisparkareatthetopofthelistofpeople'sfavouriteactivities.Withtrees,bushes,andcolourfulflowers________alongtheriversides,theparkshowsdifferentsidesofbeautyindifferentseasons.Inordertobetterdevelopaswellaspreservethisplace,_______humanimpactonXixiWetlandwasconsideredbytheparkdesigners.Allthenewbuildingsweredesignedinatraditionalwaytofitintothenaturalenvironment.Thisgreen,wateryworldishometomanybirdsandfishes.Withtrees________intheshallows,thewetlandisanaturalsystemforprovidingcleanwaterandproducingoxygen,whichmakesitthe“greenlungsofHangzhou”.P29Ex.3combinecovergrowtakelimitwalkexperiencecoveringCombiningtakingwalkingexperiencinggrowinglimitinggrowingattributesub