主題四做人與做事語法專項復(fù)習(xí)

形容詞和副詞的語法功能1.形容詞的語法功能形容詞在句子中使用非常靈活，可在英語句子中，充當(dāng)定語、

表語、

狀語、賓語補足語等成分。用法語法功能例句作定語放在名詞之前、不定代詞之后Heisahard-workingstudent.他是一個努力的學(xué)生。Makingawisedecisionissomethingimportantthatweshouldlearn.做一個明智的決定是我們應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)的重要事情。用法語法功能例句作表語放在系動詞（be，look，sound，feel，smell，taste，seem，keep，get，turn等）之后Sheissofriendly.她很友好。WhenIhaveproblems，Iliketotalkwithmyfriends.ThenIwillfeelbetter.當(dāng)我有問題時，我喜歡和我的朋友們交談，之后我會感覺好一點。續(xù)表用法語法功能例句作賓補放在賓語后作賓語補足語，常與keep、make、find、feel等動詞連用。可以表示賓語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)，也可以表示某一動作的結(jié)果Heisverygoodatdoinghouseworkandalwayskeepsthebedroomtidy.他很擅長做家務(wù)，房間總是保持得很整潔。續(xù)表注：

-ing形式和-ed形式結(jié)尾的形容詞的用法分類形容詞用法例句-ing形式surprising、interesting、boring、exciting、pleasing、frightening、moving、tiring指事物對人的影響，常修飾事物，主語一般是物I’minterestedininterestingpeople.我對有趣的人感興趣。Hewasworriedabouthisworryingson.他為他令人擔(dān)憂的兒子感到擔(dān)憂。分類形容詞用法例句-ed形式surprised、interested、bored、excited、pleased、frightened、moved、tired指人對事物的感受，主語一般是人I’minterestedininterestingpeople.我對有趣的人感興趣。Hewasworriedabouthisworryingson.他為他令人擔(dān)憂的兒子感到擔(dān)憂。續(xù)表2.副詞的語法功能用法語法功能例句作狀語主要修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個句子等Pleaselistentomecarefully.請認(rèn)真聽我說。作表語主要表明主語的狀態(tài)等Thelightisstillon.Pleaseturnitofftosaveenergy.燈還亮著，請把它關(guān)掉以節(jié)省能源。用法語法功能例句作定語主要表示時間和地點Thepeoplethereareverykindandtreatuswell.那里的人很善良，對我們很好。作補語主要用以說明位置和狀態(tài)等Keepthecoatonifyoufeelcold.如果你感到冷的話，把外套穿上。續(xù)表副詞的分類分類定義常見副詞時間副詞通常用來表示動作發(fā)生的時間now、today、before、then、soon、ago、yesterday、nowadays、tonight、tomorrow等地點副詞通常用來表示動作發(fā)生的地點here、there、inside、outside、upstairs、downstairs、everywhere等分類定義常見副詞方式副詞描述動作發(fā)生的方式badly、bravely、carefully、softly、successfully、angrily、happily、kindly等頻度副詞表示事情發(fā)生的頻率always、usually、often、sometimes、seldom、hardly、never續(xù)表分類定義常見副詞程度副詞多數(shù)用來修飾形容詞和副詞，少數(shù)用來修飾動詞或介詞短語much、very、so、too、enough、quite、rather、pretty、nearly、almost等疑問副詞用來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句how、when、where、why等續(xù)表分類定義常見副詞連接副詞連接句子、從句或不定式however、otherwise、moreover、therefore、when、whenever等關(guān)系副詞用于引導(dǎo)定語從句where、when、why等評論副詞用來對句中陳述的觀點進行評論luckily、generally、honestly、naturally等續(xù)表形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則規(guī)則示例一般情況下在形容詞詞尾加-lysad—sadly

careful—carefully以“輔音字母

＋y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-lylucky—luckily

happy—happily以“輔音字母

＋le”結(jié)尾的，去e再加-yterrible—terribly

simple—simply其他變化true—truly

full—fully形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級和最高級1.形容詞、副詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成（1）

規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞構(gòu)成方法原級比較級最高級一般直接在詞末尾加-er、

-estfastsmallYoungfastersmalleryoungerfastestsmallestyoungest單音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞構(gòu)成方法原級比較級最高級以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-er、

-estfatbigthinfatterbiggerthinnerfattestbiggestthinnest續(xù)表單音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞構(gòu)成方法原級比較級最高級以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾，加-r、

-stlatenicelargelaternicerlargerlatestnicestlargest續(xù)表單音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞構(gòu)成方法原級比較級最高級以“輔音字母

＋y”結(jié)尾，先把y變?yōu)閕，再加-er、

-esteasyearlyhappyeasierearlierhappiereasiestearliesthappiest續(xù)表部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞構(gòu)成方法原級比較級最高級在原級前加more、mostbeautifulimportantinterestingcomfortablecomfortablymorebeautifulmoreimportantmoreinterestingmorecomfortablemorecomfortablymostbeautifulmostimportantmostinterestingmostcomfortablemostcomfortably（2）

不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestlittlelessleastill/bad/badlyworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmany/muchmoremostfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest2.形容詞、副詞的原級、比較級和最高級的用法級別比較程度表達方式和意義例

句備

注原級同等程度肯定形式as＋

原級

＋as（像……一樣）Artisasinterestingasmusic.藝術(shù)和音樂一樣有趣。級別比較程度表達方式和意義例

句備

注原級同等程度否定形式not＋so/as＋

原級

＋as（不如……那樣）Myhandwritingisnotas/sobeautifulasyours.我的書法不如你的漂亮。Idon’tthinkthiscartoonisasinterestingasthatone.我認(rèn)為這部動畫片不如那部有趣。注意賓語從句中否定前置續(xù)表級別比較程度表達方式和意義例

句備

注比較級不同程度（用于兩者比較）A＋

謂語

＋

形容詞或副詞比較級

＋than＋B（A比B更……）JimisolderthanLucy.吉姆比露西大。Amobilephonewith5Gcansendvideosmuchfasterthantheonewith4G.一部5G手機發(fā)送視頻的速度比一部4G手機快得多。比較級前面可以用much、far、even、still、alot、alittle、abit等修飾續(xù)表級別比較程度表達方式和意義例

句備

注比較級程度加深1.比較級

＋and＋

比較級（越來越……）2.the＋

比較級，the＋

比較級（越……，

越……）Hestudiesbetterandbetter.他學(xué)習(xí)越來越好。Themorebooksshereads，thebettersheunderstands.她讀的書越多，就理解得越好。當(dāng)表示“越來越……”時，多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞用“moreandmore＋

原級”結(jié)構(gòu)續(xù)表級別比較程度表達方式和意義例

句備

注比較級比較級表示最高級1.比較級

＋than＋any（other）

＋

名詞單數(shù)（比任何其他都……）2.no/nothing/nobody＋betterthan（沒有人/物比……更好）ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.中國比亞洲的其他國家都大。Nobodycoulddotheworkbetterthanhedid.沒有人能比他做得更好。續(xù)表級別比較程度表達方式和意義例

句備

注最高級最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）1.A＋

謂語

＋the＋

最高級＋

（名詞）

＋of/in（在……范圍內(nèi)……）Springisthebest（season）oftheyear.春天是一年中最好的（季節(jié)）。副詞最高級前面的the往往省略續(xù)表級別比較程度表達方式和意義例

句備

注最高級最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）2.oneof＋the＋

最高級

＋

可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)（最……之一）YuanLongpingisoneofthegreatestscientistsintheworld.袁隆平是世界上最偉大的科學(xué)家之一。副詞最高級前面的the往往省略續(xù)表級別比較程度表達方式和意義例

句備

注最高級最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）3.序數(shù)詞和最高級連用（第幾最……）TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黃河是中國的第二長河。副詞最高級前面的the往往省略續(xù)表

用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Lilyplaysthepianoas

well

?（good）ashersister.2.The

moredifficult

?（difficult）theproblemis，themorecarefulweshouldbe.3.Afteryoustopperformingthebadhabit，giveyourselfaprize，whichcanbringyou

happiness

?

（happy）andencouragement.well

moredifficult

happiness

4.The

exciting

?（excite）newsthathisbrotherwouldbeapilotmadehim

excited

?（excite）.5.It’snecessaryforustomakealistbeforewegoshopping，sothatwecanspendmoneymore

wisely

?（wise）.exciting

excited

wisely

6.Ofthetwocoats，I’dchoosethe

cheaper

?（cheap）onetosavesomemoneyforanewbook.7.

Successful

?（success）andhappypeoplehaveavision（愿景）ofhowtheirlifeshouldbeandtheysetlotsofgoals，bothshort-termandlong-term.8.Tobemoreimaginativeand

creative

?（create），youshouldlookforandfindenvironmentsyouhavenoexperiencewith.cheaper

Successful

creative

9.Mymomisoneofthe

mostimportant

?（important）personswhoaccompanyme.Iwanttosaythankstoher.10.

Clearly

?（clear），therearemanyothersocialactivitiesthatcanimprovestudents’cooperation，includingsinginginachorus（合唱隊）andjoininginunpaidcommunityservice.mostimportant

Clearly

同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1.Wecanmakechangesinourlifestyletodevelopgoodhabits，suchasexercisingmore，eatinghealthilyandgettingenoughsleep.Peoplecandevelopgoodhabitsbymakingchangesindailylife.Theycanexercisemore，eat

healthily

?andgetenoughsleep.2.Askingquestionshelpsimprovecriticalthinking.Askingquestionsis

helpful

?toimprovecriticalthinking.healthily

helpful

3.Mr.Ma，adoctorofsocialstudies，saysit’sunderstandableforteenagerstowishforfreedom.Mr.Maisadoctorofsocialstudies.Hebelievesit’sunderstandableforteenagerstowishtobe

free

?.4.Wordscanhaveapowerfuleffectonyourbrain.Anditwillinturn（相應(yīng)地）haveagreatinfluenceonyouraction.Wordshaveapowerfuleffectonyourbrain，andinturnitinfluencesyouraction

greatly

?.free

greatly

5.Aschildren’sfirstteachers，parentsshouldbeactivetoencouragechildrentolearntodochores.Onlythencanstudentsmasterenoughskillstoliveabetterlife.Asforparents，theyshould

actively

?encouragechildrentolearntodochoressothatchildrencanmasterenoughskillstoliveabetterlife.actively

閱讀填詞IfyouarestudyingatauniversityintheUS，thereisnoneedtodecideyourmajor（專業(yè)）inthefirstyear.Butit’sagoodideatospendtimeearlyonworkingoutwhatsubjectsyouhaveaninterestin.Todothis，youcantakesometestssuchastheMyers-BriggsTypeIndicatorTest（MBTI職業(yè)性格測試）andtheEnneagramPersonalityTest（九型人格測試）.Thesetestscanhelpyouandtellyouwhatthingsyoumightbegoodat.Theycanhelpyouworkoutwhatsubjectsyou’reinterestedinandtellyouwhatjobsmaysuityoubest.Further，youshouldchooseamajoryouareinterestedin.Afterall，peoplearemostlikelytobesuccessfuliftheyaredoingsomethingtheylove.Yourinterestsareimportant，andtheywillbringyoupleasureandhappiness.Lastly，youshouldlearnaboutthedifferentmajorsavailable.Math，computerscience，informationtechnology，economics，journalismandbusinessmanagement—theyareallverydifferentmajors.Youshouldhaveanunderstandingofwhatkindofjobspeoplewithdifferentdegreescangetaftergraduation.Youcanlookatthewebsitesoffamousuniversitiestofindoutmore.Choosingsubjectsyouareinterestedinisquiteimportant.Astimegoesby，yourinterestsmightchangewhileyouareatuniversity.IntheUS，youcanalwayschangemajorsaslongasyouhavetheabilitytodoso.Ifyouhaveanydoubtsorquestionsaboutyouracademicpath，youcanfindhelpfromyourschooladvisorseasily.Andtheycangiveyouusefuladvice.WhenstudyingatauniversityintheUS，youdon’tneedtodecideyourmajorinthefirstyear.Butitisgoodforyoutofindoutwhatsubjectsyouareinterestedin1.

early

?.SometestssuchastheMBTIandtheEnneagramPersonalityTestcanbe2.

helpful

?totellyouwhatthingsyoumightbegoodat.early

helpful

Further，youshouldchooseyourfavoritemajor.Afterall，peoplemaybe3.

successful

?iftheyaredoingsomethingtheylike.Lastly，youshouldlearnaboutthedifferentmajorsandhaveanunderstandingofwhatkindofjobspeoplewithdifferentdegreescangetaftergraduation.Youcanfindoutmorebylookingatthewebsitesof4.

famous

?universities.successful

famous

Choosingsubjectsyouareinterestedinisofgreatimportance.Gradually，yourinterestsmightchange.IntheUS，youcanalwayschangemajors.Ifyouhaveanyproblems，youcan5.

easily

?findhelpfromschooladvisors.Theiradviceisreallyuseful.easily

IfyouarestudyingatauniversityintheUS，thereisnoneedtodecideyourmajor（專業(yè)）inthefirstyear.Butit’sagoodideatospendtimeearlyonworkingoutwhatsubjectsyouhaveaninterestin.Todothis，youcantakesometestssuchastheMyers-BriggsTypeIndicatorTest（MBTI職業(yè)性格測試）