控制糖尿病患者心血管危險(xiǎn)的干預(yù)治療策略_圖文.ppt糖尿病與心血管危險(xiǎn)影響心血管危險(xiǎn)的因素綜合控制的理論與實(shí)踐CountriesWithHighestNumbersofEstimatedCasesofDiabetesfor2000and2030RankingCountryPeoplewithdiabetes(millions)CountryPeoplewithdiabetes(millions)200020301 India 31.7 India 79.42 China 20.8 China 42.33 U.S. 17.7 U.S. 30.34 Indonesia 8.4 Indonesia 21.35 Japan 6.8 Pakistan 13.96 Pakistan 5.2 Brazil 11.37 RussianFederation 4.6 Bangladesh 11.18 Brazil 4.6 Japan 8.99 Italy 4.3 Pinecones 7.810 Bangladesh 3.2 Egypt1 6.7Total:177million366MILLIONBY2030Type2diabetesandCHD

7-YearIncidenceofFatal/NonfatalMI(EastWestStudy)

IncidenceDuringFollow-up(%)(n=69)NondiabeticswithpriorMINondiabeticswithnopriorMIDiabeticswithpriorMIDiabeticswithnopriorMI18.8HaffnerSMetal.NEnglJMed1998;339:229-234.(n=1304)(n=169)(n=890)3.00.57.83.23.545.020.2Eventsper

100person-yr:P<0.001p<0.001Type2diabetesandStroke

7-YearIncidenceofFatal/NonfatalStroke(EastWestStudy)IncidenceDuringFollow-up(%)(n=69)NondiabeticswithpriorMINondiabeticswithnopriorMIDiabeticswithpriorMIDiabeticswithnopriorMI7.2HaffnerSMetal.NEnglJMed1998;339:229-234.(n=1304)(n=169)(n=890)1.20.33.41.61.919.510.3Eventsper

100person-yr:P=0.01p<0.001PrevalenceofCHDbytheMetabolicSyndromeandDiabetesintheNHANESPopulationAge50+AlexanderCetal.Diabetes2003;52:1210-121425%20%15%10%5%0%NoMS/NoDM8.7%13.9%7.5%19.2%MS/NoDMDM/NoMSDM/MS%ofpopulation= 54.2% 28.7% 2.3% 14.8%CHDPrevalence1.00.90.80.70.60.00246810Follow-up,years#atrisk174214099062828935NometabolicsyndromeMetabolicsyndromelog-rank=45.4p<0.001Event-freesurvivalSchillaciG.JACC.2004;43:1817-1822代謝綜合征與心血管危險(xiǎn)MlandMicrovascularEndPoints:IncidencebyMeanSystolicBPandHbA1cConcentrationMlMicrovascularandpointsMlMicrovascularandpoints50403020100806040200Adjustedincidenceper1000person-yr(%)110120130140150160170567891011UpdatedmeansystolicBP(mmHg)UpdatedmeanHbA1cconcentration(%)Adjustedincidenceper1000person-yr(%)AdlerAletal.BMJ2000;321:412-419StrationIMetal.BMJ2000;321:405-412MetS和DM患者血脂異常特征游離脂肪酸

TG

HDL-C

VLDL-C

小而密LDL顆粒

氧化LDL-C

餐后高脂血癥MaleGender-adjustedFemaleReducedriskwithsmall,denseLDL0.1Relativeriskformyocardialinfarction110Increasedriskwithsmall,denseLDLSmall,denseLDLincreases

cardiovascularriskUKPDS

StepwiseSelectionofRiskFactors*inPatientswithType2Diabetes

VariableLDL-CHDL-CHemoglobinA1cSystolicBloodPressureSmokingPValue<0.00010.00010.00220.00650.056CoronaryArteryDisease(n=280)PositioninModelFirstSecondThirdFourthFifth*Adjustedforageandsex.TurnerRCetal.BMJ1998;316:823-828.Mangagingoverweightintype2diabeticsEffectiveweightmanagementisthefirststepintreatingtype2diabetesWeightloss(kg)infirst12monthsLeanMEJetal.,DiabetMed,1990;7:228-233Lifeexpectancy(years)95%confidenceinterval1816141210800481216Weightlossisdifficulttomaintainbydietandexercisealoneintype2diabetesUKPDS34.Lancet1998;352:354InsulinChlorpropamideGllbenclamideDietaloneMetforminWeightchange(kg)76543210-10246810YearsfromrandomisationGoodglycemiccontrolisnotenoughUKPDSGOODGLYCEMICCONTROLMICROVASCULARCOMPLICATIONSSignificantreductionsMACROVASCULARCOMPLICATIONSNosignificanteffectPROACTIVEStudySept.2005,歐洲糖尿病會(huì)議

PioglitazonevsPlaceboACCORDStudyActiontoControlCardiovascularriskinDiabetesPrisantLM.JClinPharmacol2004;44(4):423-430HbA1c:≤6.0%vs7.0-7.9%

糖尿病患者降壓治療臨床試驗(yàn)

SHEP

ALLHATSYST-EUR

HOPECAPPP

HOTNORDIL

RENAALSTOP-2

PRIMEINSIGHT

LIFEUKPDS

Majorcardiovascularevents(per100patients-years)inalltreatedhypertensiveandinhypertensivepatientswithdiabetesinrelationtotargetbloodpressuresof90.85,and80mmHg.302520151050808590908580P=0.50fortrendP=0.005fortrendAllhypertensivepatients(n=18790)Hypertensivewithdiabetes(n=1501)TargetbloodpressuregroupsMajorcardiovascularevents/1000patients-yearsHOTStudy:ResultsinPatientswithDMEffectofIntensivevsModerateAntihypertensiveTreatmentonStrokeIncidenceinDiabeticNormotensives Intensive ModerateAchievedBP(mmHg) 128/75 137/81Stroke(%) 1.7 5.4P=0.03Schrieretal.,KidneyInt2002;61:1086CHDPreventionTrialswithStatinsinDiabeticSubjects

SubgroupAnalyses

PrimaryPreventionAFCAPS/TexCAPSSecondaryPreventionCARE4SLIPID4S-ExtendedCHDRisk

Reduction

(overall)DrugNo.LovastatinPravastatinSimvastatinPravastatinSimvastatin43%25%(p=0.05)55%(p=0.002)19%42%(p=0.001)37%23%32%25%32%239586202782483CHDRisk

Reduction

(diabetes)StudyAdaptedfromDownsJRetal.JAMA1998;279:1615-1622;GoldbergRBetal.Circulation1998;98:2513-2519;Py?r?l?Ketal.DiabetesCare1997;20:614-620;TheLong-TermInterventionwithPravastatininIschaemicDisease(LIPID)StudyGroup.NEnglJMed1998;339:1349-1357;HaffnerSMetal.ArchInternMed1999;159:2661-2667.CARDS:主要終點(diǎn)年安慰劑組事件數(shù)127立普妥?組事件數(shù)83累積危險(xiǎn)(%)051015012344.75P=0.001ColhounHM,BetteridgeDJ,DurringtonPN,etal.Lancet.2004;364:685-696.

37％TrialswithFibratesinPatientswithDiabetesStudyEffectp-valueCommentHelsinkiHeartStudy(gemfibrozil)75%eventsnsPrimaryprevention;

post-hocsubgroupanalysisSENDCAP(bezafibrate)65%events0.01SpecificallyconductedinType2diabetes;post-hocanalysisforIHDVA-HIT(gemfibrozil)24%events0.05Secondaryintervention;pre-plannedsubgroupanalysisDAIS(fenofibrate)40-42%focalangiochanges0.02SpecificallyconductedinType2diabetes;mixedprimaryandsecondaryintervention;angiostudyFIELDStudyFenofibrateInterventionandEventLoweringinDiabetesMazzoneT.AmJCardiol2004;93:27C-31C糖尿病患者心血管危險(xiǎn)因素的控制目標(biāo)★減輕體重★降糖:HbA1c≤7.0%★降壓:130/80★調(diào)脂:LDL-C1.81mmol/LSteno-2StudyMultifactorialInterventionandCardiovascularDiseaseinPatientswithType2DiabetesGradeP,etal.NENGLJMED2003;348:383-393Steno-2:IntensiveTherapyNEJM2000;342:905-912BasicIntervention脂肪攝入30%飽和脂肪酸攝入10%運(yùn)動(dòng)30’35次/wACEIorARB多種維生素AspirinPharmacologyIntervention降糖

metformingliclazide

metformin+gliclazide降壓

thiazideACEIorARB+CCB

-blocker降脂statinsSteno-2:TreatmentGoalsVariable ConventionalIntensive Therapy TherapySBP(mmHg) 140130

DBP(mmHg) 8580

Hba1c(%)6.56.5TC(mg/dl)190175

TG(mg/dl)

150150Steno-2ChangeinClinicalVariablesattheEndoftheStudyVariableConventionalIntensivepTherapy TherapySBP(mmHg) -33-1420.001DBP(mmHg)