延慶區(qū)2023～2024學年第二學期統(tǒng)測試卷高三英語2024.03本試卷共11頁，100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦毡貙⒋鸢笇懺诖痤}卡上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。筆試（共三部分100分）第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Weliveinatown,abouthalfamilefromthebanksoftheAhrRiver．Ithadbeenrainingbucketsthatweekandtherewere1warningsforsomeofthenearbyareas,butnotwhereIwas．Asaprecaution,I’d2sandbagsoutsidemygardendoorandpiledelectronicsandclothingontablesandthecouchjustincasewatermanagedtoseepthrough．AsIfellasleep,Iwas3bythesoundofrushingwater．WhenIswungmylegsoffthebed,Iwas4tofeelcoldwateralreadyuptomykneesandrisingfast．Shiveringandindarkness,Igrabbedmyphoneand5itsflashlight．Waterwascomingfromthegardendoor,andchairs,bookshelvesandpiecesofmydrumsetwerefloatingallovermylivingroom．TheAhrmusthave6burstitsbanksandbreachedthesandbags．AndnowIhadtogetout—fast!Withthewaternowuptomywaist,inbarefeetIstartedtopaddletomyonly7:thedoorleadingtoupstairs．FinallyImadeittothatdoorandtriedtopullitopen,butthewater’spressurewashigh．Imanagedtomakea8ofabout30centimeterswithallmystrengthandeffort,enoughformetosqueezethrough．Rushingdownoutside,I9thatifIhadwokenupjustafewminuteslater,Iwouldhavedrowned．Theexperiencemademegratefulanddeterminedtoliveeachdaytoitsfullest．Iwillrememberwhatmymothertoldme:“Don’trememberthedaywhenyou10everything．Rememberthedayyousurvived.”1．A．flood B．earthquake C．drought D．sandstorm2．A．cleaned B．lifted C．recovered D．placed3．A．threatened B．a(chǎn)wakened C．weakened D．tightened4．A．excited B．shocked C．depressed D．exhausted5．A．showedup B．lookedup C．turnedon D．wenton6．A．carefully B．gradually C．violently D．constantly7．A．escape B．mind C．problem D．stage8．A．gap B．depth C．height D．cut9．A．pretended B．promised C．imagined D．realised10．A．lacked B．found C．lost D．gained第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AShenzhouXVIIcrewmemberscompletedtheirfirstspacewalkon22ndDecember,2023,completingahostoftasksoutsidetheTiangongspacestation．Itwasthe14thspacewalk11（conduct）byChineseastronauts．Therearealotofscienceandtechnologyassignmentsforthem12（perform）duringtheremainingdaysoftheirstayinorbit．Sincetheirarrival,theastronauts13（examine）andmaintainedequipmentandmadepreparationsfortheirspacewalk．BAsamothertothreeboys,I’musedtoreceivingmyfavoritesoapasagiftforeveryoccasion．Itdoesn’trequiremucheffort,andmysonsknowthatIloveit．OnedaymysonsawamagazineonmydeskwithJaneGoodall14thecover．Isaid,“She’smyfavoriteperson.”ThenextChristmas,Iwasexpectingmysoap15mysonshandedmeanenvelope．Insidewas/acopyofNationalGeographicsignedbyJaneGoodall．I16（move）totears．Iwillalwayscherishthemagazineandthoughtfulnessofmyboysfindingmetheperfectgift．CWhenthe48-year-oldUzbekgymnast,OksanaChusovitina,17（participate）intheAsiadwomen’sgymnasticsqualificationonMonday,thousandsofspectatorschantedfor“QiuMa,”18translatesto“MotherChusovitina”．Whenhersonwasdiagnosedwithleukemiain2002,sheadoptedGermancitizenshiptocompeteatglobaleventsforahigherincomeand19（good）medicaltreatment．Aftenherson’s20（recover）,Chusovitinacontinuedhergymnasticsjourneyoutofsheerloveforthesport．第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ALivingbeyondlimitsGrowingupinthehotLasVegasdesert,allIwantedwastobefree．Iwoulddaydreamabouttravelingtheworld,livinginaplacewhereitsnowed．Attheageof19,thedayafterIgraduatedfromhighschool,ImovedtoaplacewhereitsnowedandIfoundmydreamjob．Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Ifeltfree,independentandcompletelyincontrolofmylife．Thatis,untilmylifetookadetour（轉(zhuǎn)折點）．IwenthomefromworkearlyonedaywithwhatIthoughtwastheflu,andlessthan24hourslaterIwasinthehospitalonlifesupportwithlessthana2%chanceofliving．OverthecourseoftwoandahalfmonthsIlostthehearinginmyleftearandbothofmylegsbelowtheknee．IthoughttheworstwasoveruntilweekslaterwhenIsawmynewartificialleasforthefirsttime．TheyweresopainfulthatallIcouldthinkwas,howamIevergoingtotraveltheworldinthesethings?AndhowwasIgoingtosnowboardagain?ButIknewthatinordertomoveforward,IhadtoletgooftheoldSelfandlearntoembracethenewSelf．AndthatiswhenitdawnedonmethatifIsnowboardedagain,myfeetaren’tgoingtogetcold．FourmonthslaterIwasbackuponasnowboard,althoughthingsdidn’tgoquiteasexpected:Mykneesandmyankleswouldn’tbend．ButIknewthatIwouldbeabletodothisagainifIcouldfindtherightpairoffeet．Ididayearofresearch,stillcouldn’tfigureoutwhatkindoflegstouse．SoIdecidedtomakeapairmyself．MylegmakerandIputrandompartstogetherandwemadeapairoffeetthatIcouldsnowboardin．Thenin2005Icofoundedanonprofitorganizationforyouthwithphysicaldisabilitiessotheycouldgetinvolvedwithactionsports．Elevenyearsago,whenIlostmylegs,Ihadnoideawhattoexpect．Butifyouaskmetoday,ifIwouldeverwanttochangemysituation,Iwouldhavetosayno．Becausemylegshaven’tdisabledme．They’veforcedmetorelyonmyimaginationandtobelieveinthepossibilities．21．Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenshesawhernewlegsforthefirsttime?A．Astonished． B．Hopeful． C．Desperate． D．Delighted．22．Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangeherthoughttowardhersituation?A．Herpositiveattitude． B．Inspirationfromresearch．C．Herloveforsnowboard． D．Helpfromanonprofitorganization．23．Theauthot’sattemptcooldhelpherandotheryouthswithphysicaldisabilitiesto______.A．travelaroundtheworld B．takepartinactionsportsC．bendtheirkneesandankles D．recoverfromtheirdisabilities24．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Practicemakesperfect． B．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords．C．Youcan’tjudgeabookbyitscover． D．NothingisimpossibletoawillingheartBIntern（實習生）:UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization（UNESCO）JobTitle:DigitalBusinessSolutionsInternWorklocation:Remote/BeijingDuration:SixmonthsTheDigitalBureauSolutionisresponsibleforICToperationswithinUNESCO．a(chǎn)ndreportstotheAssistantDirectorGeneraltoAdministration（ADG/ADM）．TheteamoverseestheimplementationofUNESO’sdigitalstrategy,withthedeliveryofmoreintegratedandproperlydesigned、projectandknowledgemanagementinsupportofprogrammedelivery;thesupplyofaflexibleITinfrostructure（基礎建設）,andbest-in-classservicemanagementtoenableeffectiveprogrammedelivery;andthesupplyofstrengthenedcybersecurityanddigitalriskmanagement．JobresponsibilitiesNetworkMonitoringandArrangement:Assistinmonitoringnetworkperformanceanddiagnosingconnectivityissuesusingnetworkmonitoringtools;whilegaininghands-onexperiencewithnetworkdevicearrangement,includingrouters,switches,andfirewalls;·CloudPlatformFamiliarity:Gainexperiencewithcloudplatformsbysettingupandarrangingcloudresources;assistinplanningthemigrationofpre-storedapplicationsandworkloadstothecloud:·ServerandNetworkTroubleshooting:Learntotroubleshootnetworkproblems,suchasslowconnectionsorconnectionlost;·Documentation:Helpupdateandmaintainnetworkdocumentation,includingnetworkdiagramsanddeviceinventories;·UserSupportandTroubleshooting:Providebasicusersupport,includingpasswordresetsandaccountcreation,andlearnabouthelpdeskticketingsystems;Requirements·Youmustbeatleast20yearsoldtoapply．YouhaverecentlygraduatedwithaMaster’sdegreeorPhD,12monthspriortothestartoftheinternship;Youshouldhaveanexcellentcommand,bothwrittenandspoken,ofEnglishorFrench．Aworkingknowledgeoftheotherlanguage（EnglishorFrench）isanadvantage;·Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofcomputersystemsandoffice-relatedsoftware．ApplicantsneedtoregisteranaccountforUNESCDandentertheapplicationprocessaftercompletingtheirpersonalinformationresume．IntheApplicationinformation,ifyouwanttodothisjoboffline,selectdutystation:China,Beijing．25．TheDigitalBureauSolutionisto______．A．controltheAssistantDirectorGeneraltoAdministrationB．improvemoreintegratedprojectandknowledgemanagementC．createaflexibleITinfrastructure,andgoodservicemanagementD．offerstrengthenedcybersecurityanddigitalriskmanagement．26．BeinganinterninUNESCO,onewillhelpto______．A．monitornetworkperformanceanddiagnoseconnectivityissuesB．gainexperiencewithcloudplatformsbyplanningtheapplicationsC．updateandmaintainnetworkdocumentationfornetworkdiagramsD．providebasicusersupportbylearningabouthelpdeskticketingsystems27．Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?A．Beingyoungerthan20yearsoldwhenapplying．B．HavingaMaster’sdegreeorPhDwhileapplying．C．CommandingEnglishandFrenchexcellently,bothwrittenandspoken．D．Havingarichknowledgeofcomputersystemsandoffice-relatedsoftware．CEVsareinthemiddleofanobesityepidemicFisker,anelectricvehicle,unveiledthefutureline-uponAugust3rd．Itincluded:asouped-up,off-roadversionoftheOcean．ThoughFiskersayssustainabilityisoneofitsfoundingprinciples,itisindulginginatraitalmostuniversalamongcarfirms:buildingbigger,strongercars,evenwhentheyareelectric．Therearetworeasonsforthis．Thefirstisprofit．Aswithconventionalcars,biggerEVsgeneratehighermargins.Thesecondisconsumerpreference．Fordecades,drivershavebeenoptingforSUVsandpickuptrucksratherthansmallercars,andthisnowappliestobattery-chargedones．EVdrivers,whoworryabouttheavailabilityofcharginginfrastructure,wantmorerange,hencebiggerbatteries．Thatmayhelpmakeforamorereassuringride．Buteventuallythesupersizingtrendwillprovetobeunsustainableandunsafe．Fornow,carmakerscanarguethathoweverbigtheelectricrigs,theyhaveapositiveimpactontheplanet.ThoughmanufacturingEVs—includingsourcingthemetalsandmineralsthatgointothem—generatesmoregreenhousegasesthanaconventionalcar,theyquicklycompensateforthatthroughtheabsenceoftallpipeemissions．Butinthelongrunthetrendforbiggerbutteriesmaybackfire,foreconomicandenvironmentalreasons．First,thebiggerthebattery,themorepressuretherewillbeonthesupplychain．Ifbatterysizesincreasetherearelikelytobeloomingseareitlesoflithiumandnickel．Thatwillpushupthecostoflithium-ionbatteries,underminingcarmakers’profitability．Second,tochargebiggerbatteriesinacarbon-neutralwayrequiresmorelow-carbonelectricity．Thatmaycreatebottlenecksonthegrid．Third,themorepressureonscarceresourcesvitalforEVproduction,theharderitwillbetomakeaffordableelectriccarscriticalforelectrifyingthemassmarket．Thatwillslowtheoveralldecarbonisationoftransport．Finally,thereissafety．Notonlyisabattletankthatdoeszeroto100kilometresperhourintheblinkofaneyealiabilityforanyonethathappenstobeinitsway．GovernmentshavewaystoencourageEVstoshrink．Themostimportantistosupporttheexpansionofcharginginfrastructure,whichwouldreducerangeanxietyandpromotesmallercars．Taxescouldpunishheaviervehiclesandsubsidiescouldpromotelighterones．Ultimately,theindustryisalmostsuretorealisethefollyofpursuingsizeforitsownsake．Thepennyisstartingtodrop．Ford’sCEO,JimFarley,recentlysaidcarmakerscouldnotmakemoneywiththelongest-rangebatteries．HisoppositenumberatGeneralMotors,MaryBarra,hastakentheunexpectedstepofreversingaplantoretiretheaffordableChevyBoltEV．InEurope,carmakerslikeVolkswagenarebuildingsmaller,cheaperEVs．TeslaissaidtobeplanningacompactmodelmadeinMexico．28．ConsumerswantEVswithmorerangeandbiggerbatteriesbecause______．A．theycanbringmoreprofitsB．theycanreducetailpipeemissionsC．theyaremoresecureD．thereareinsufficientchargingfacilitiesforthem29．Fromthepassage,weknowthat______．A．RisingcostofbatterieswillincreaseprofitabilityB．ConventionalcarsproducemoregreenhousegasesthanEVsinproductionC．BiggerbatteriesmaycreatemorepressureonthesupplychainD．ThedemandonscarceresourcesinEVsmakeselectriccarsmoreaffordable30．Whatisthepassagetryingtotellus?A．Lighterelectricvehiclesshouldbeencouraged．B．Bigger,strongercarsaresaferandmoresustainable．C．Supersizingelectricvehicleshaveapositiveimpactontheplanet．D．EVswithbiggerbatteriesmayhelpmakeforamorecomfortableride．DItisrapidlyemergingasoneofthemostimportanttechnological,andincreasinglyideological,dividesofourtimes:shouldpowerfulgenerativeartificialintelligencesystemsbeopenorclosed?Supporterssaytheybroadenaccesstothetechnology,stimulateinnovationandimprovereliabilitybyencouragingoutsidescrutiny．Farcheapertodevelopanddeploy,smalleropenmodelsalsoinjectcompetitionintoafielddominatedbybigUScompaniessuchasGoogle．MicrosoftandOpenAIthathaveinvestedbillionsdevelopingmassive,closedandcloselycontrolledgenerativeAlsystems．ButdetractorsargueopenmodelsriskliftingthelidonaPandora’sboxoftroubles．Badactorscanexploitthemtospreadpersonaliseddisinformation,whileterroristsmightusethemtomanufacturecyberorbioweapons．“Thedangerofopensourceisthatitenablesmorecraziestodocrazythings,“GeoffreyHinton,oneofthepioneersofmodernAI,haswarned．ThehistoryofOpenAI,whichdevelopedthepopularChatGPTchatbot,isitselfinstructive．Asitsnamesuggests,theresearchcompanywasfoundedin2015withacommitmenttodevelopthetechnologyasopenlyaspossible．Butitlaterabandonedthatapproachforbothcompetitiveandsafetyreasons．OnceOpenAIrealisedthatitsgenerativeAImodelsweregoingtobe“unbelievablypotent”,itmadelittlesensetoopensourcethem,IlyaSutskever,OpenAI’schiefscientistsaid．Supportersofopenmodelshitback,ridiculingtheideathatopengenerativeAImodelsenablepeopletoaccessinformationtheycouldnototherwisefindfromtheinternetoraroguescientist．Theyalsohighlightthecompetitiveself-interestofthebigtechcompaniesinshoutingaboutthedangersofopenmodels,whoseintentionistoestablishtheirownmarketdominancestrongly．Butthereisanideologicaldimensiontothisdebate,too．YannLeCun,chiefscientistofMeta,haslikenedtheargumentsforcontrollingthetechnologytomedievalobscurantism（蒙昧主義）:thebeliefthatonlyaself-selectingpriesthoodofexpertsiswiseenoughtohandleknowledge．Inthefuture,allourinteractionswiththevastdigitalrepositoryofhumanknowledgewillbemediatedthroughAlsystems．WeshouldnotwantahandfulofSiliconValleycompaniestocontrolthataccess．Justastheinternetflourishedbyresistingattemptstoencloseit,soAIwillthrivebyremainingopen,LeCunargues．WendyHall,royalprofessorofcomputerscienceatSouthamptonuniversity,sayswedonotwanttoliveinaworldwhereonlythebigcompaniesrungenerativeAl．Nordowewanttoallowuserstodoanythingtheylikewithopenmodels．“Wehavetofindsomecompromise,”shesuggests．Weshouldcertainlyresistthetyranny（暴政）ofthebinary（二進制）whenitcomestothinkingaboutAImodels．Bothopenandclosedmodelshavetheirbenefitsandflaws．Asthecapabilitiesofthesemodelsevolve,wewillconstantlyhavetotweaktheweightingsbetweencompetitionandcontrol．31．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“potent”inParagraph4mostprobablymean?A．Accessible． B．Powerful． C．Significant． D．Unnoticeable．32．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Itneedsbillionsofdollarstodevelopanddeployopen-sourcemodels．B．ThefieldofgenerativeAIsystemsisdominatedbybigcompanies．．C．Onlyself-selectingexpertscanhandleopenmodelswisely．D．Userscandoanythingtheylikewithopenmodelsatthismoment．33．RegardingWendyHall’ssuggestions,theauthoris______．A．sympathetic B．puzzled C．unconcerned D．opposed34．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowtoKeeptheLidonthePandora’sBoxofOpenAIB．DividesonOpenAI:technologyandideologyC．WheredoestheDebateonOpenAIEndD．ProsandConsofOpenAI第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Doyouwanttobeacognitivesuperagerwhenyouareold?Justasyoutakestepstowardsafuture-proofingbody,youcanenhanceyourbrain’sresiliencetoage-relateddiseasebyboostingcognitivereserve．AndrewSommerlad,anassociateprofessorofpsychiatry,discoversthepowerofcognitivereserveinstudiesofolderpeoplewhoshowsignsofAlzheimer’s（阿爾茲海默癥）intheirbrains．35Actually,threeyearsago,colleaguesofSommerladhadalsopublishedfindingsfromStudyofAgeing．Theyshowedthathigherlevelsofcognitivereserveareassociatedwithlowerlevelsofdementia．36Thestrongcognitivereserveishelpfultostaveoffsymptomsofbrainchangesassociatednotjustwithdementiabutwithotherbraindiseases．Italsohelpsyoutofunctionbetterforlongerwhenfacingunexpectedlifeeventsasyougetolder．Howdoyouimproveit?Theyoungeryouimplementthingsthatwillbolsterit,thebetter．Forexample,youcandotasksthatchallengesyourbrainability,likecrosswords,reading．givingimpromptuspeechandcriticalthinking．37So,domind-bodypracticeslikeyoga,TaiChiormeditationtoreducestressisalsoimportant.Thiscanhelpyoubalancetheperiodsofmentaldemandandrelaxation．38ideally,seventoninehoursisoptimalforenhancingcognitivereserve．Startbyimprovingyoursleephygienewithstepssuchasavoidingelectronicscreens．Cognitivereserveisdevelopedthroughalifetimeofeducation,curiosityandpersistence．39A．Itseffectsarewidereaching．B．Additionally,maintainregularsleeppatterns．C．Soplanaheadtomakesureyoukeepcognitivelybusyandengaged!D．Therearewaysyoucanimprovesleep,forbothyoungandoldpeople．E．Itsuggeststhatdevelopingagoodcognitivereservecanbepowerfullyprotective．F．However,thinkingtoohardfortoolongmaywearyouout,hurtingcognitivereserve．G．Theycopebetterwithpathological（病理上的）changes,thehighertheirpowersofcognitivereserve．第三部分：書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)閱讀表達（共4小題：第1、2題各2分，第3題3分，第4題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求回答問題。Anxietyisnotdeadly,becausebeingabletofeelanxiousshowsthatourfight-or-flightsystemisoperational,whichisanindicatorofbrainandsensoryhealth．Onceweacceptthatbeinganxiousisanormalpartoflife,wecanuseittoourbenefit．Anxietycanhelpbuildouremotionalstrength．Ifwewanttobuildemotionalstrength,weneedtofacesomedegreeofmentalstress．